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Preprints

There are 5427 Preprints listed.

Internal Oscillations of Tropical Mesoscale Convective Disturbances

Bolei Yang, William R. Boos, Ji Nie

Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

In real-world observations, long-lived tropical mesoscale convective disturbances (MCDs) often exhibit quasi-periodic variations. Previous studies suggested that these variations are mainly induced by external forcings. However, some studies showed evidence that tropical MCDs can display quasi-periodic behavior even without external forcings. In this study, a suite of idealized [...]

Evaluation of Vegetation Bias in InSAR Time Series for Agricultural Areas within the San Joaquin Valley, CA

Kelly Devlin, Rowena Lohman

Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Agricultural regions present a particularly difficult set of challenges during interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) displacement time series analyses due to the existence of abrupt transitions in land use over short spatial scales and rapid temporal changes associated with different stages of the agricultural cycle. Plant growth and soil moisture changes can introduce phase biases [...]

An Irish female pioneer in geology: Mary Katherine Andrews (1852 - 1914)

Consuelo Sendino

Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Mary Katherine Andrews (1852–1914) was a woman of her time, a Victorian then Edwardian lady interested in science. Raised in an academic household in Belfast, she did not have the opportunity to attend university, because women were not accepted when she was young. This did not discourage her in developing her scientific interests, and she became an accomplished amateur geologist. The quality of [...]

On the assessment of sinking particle fluxes from in situ particle size distributions

Elena Ceballos Romero, Ken Buesseler, Erik Fields, et al.

Published: 2024-12-17
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences

The biological carbon pump plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle, particularly through sinking particles carrying carbon to deep waters. The Underwater Vision Profilers (UVP) is widely used for studying particle properties. UVP-based particulate organic carbon (POC) flux is typically derived from particle size distributions (PSDs) assuming size dependent sinking rates and carbon [...]

Impact of data density and endmember definitions on long-term trends in ground cover fractions across European grasslands

Katarzyna Ewa Lewinska, Akpona Okujeni, Katja Kowalski, et al.

Published: 2024-12-17
Subjects: Life Sciences

Long-term monitoring of grasslands is pivotal for ensuring continuity of many environmental services and for supporting food security and environmental modelling. Remote sensing provides an irreplaceable source of information for studying changes in grasslands. Specifically, Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) allows for quantification of physically meaningful ground cover fractions of grassland [...]

Leaky faults modulated magma ascent and seismicity during the 2022 São Jorge (Azores) volcanic unrest

Stephen Paul Hicks, Pablo J. González, Anthony Lomax, et al.

Published: 2024-12-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology

Understanding the signatures and mechanisms of failed volcanic eruptions is vital for mapping magma plumbing systems and forecasting volcanic hazards. Geological structures like fractures and faults are key to guiding magma, but their mechanisms remain unclear due to limited 3-D mapping of faults in volcanic regions and sufficiently precise earthquake locations. The triple-junction setting of the [...]

3D dynamic rupture modeling of the 2021 Haiti earthquake used to constrain stress conditions and fault system complexity

Harriet Zoe Yin, Mathilde Marchandon, Jennifer Susan Haase, et al.

Published: 2024-12-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The 2021 Mw7.2 Haiti earthquake was a devastating event which occurred within the Enriquillo Plantain Garden Fault Zone (EPGFZ). It is not well-understood why neither the 2021 nor the prior Mw7.0 2010 earthquake were simple strike slip events and, instead, ruptured with distinct patches of dip slip and strike slip motion on largely separate fault planes. We develop several 3D dynamic rupture [...]

Development of a dynamic true triaxial electromagnetic Hopkinson bar system

Heping Xie, Jianbo Zhu, Yulong Li, et al.

Published: 2024-12-16
Subjects: Engineering

Subsurface rock masses and rock engineering are subjected to multiaxial static stresses and often also bear additional multi-directional dynamic disturbances generated by seismic activity, blast waves and vibration, etc. It is therefore of great importance to study and understand the dynamic mechanical behaviors and failure mechanisms of rocks under multiaxial and multidirectional dynamic [...]

An Analytical Model for CO2 Surface Forcing, with Application to the Direct Precipitation Response

Yue Xu, Daniel Koll, Nicholas Lutsko

Published: 2024-12-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

If temperature is held constant, increasing atmospheric CO2 reduces atmospheric radiative cooling and suppresses precipitation. Global Climate Models suggest this “direct” precipitation response ranges from -2% to -3% per CO2 doubling and hence contributes significantly to the net precipitation response of +3% to +9% per CO2 doubling. Our study aims to explain the magnitude and state-dependence [...]

Glacier preservation doubled by limiting warming to 1.5°C

Harry Zekollari, Lilian Schuster, Fabien Maussion, et al.

Published: 2024-12-15
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Glaciers adapt slowly to changing climatic conditions, resulting in long-term changes in their mass with implications for sea level rise and water supply, even if the climate were to stabilize. Using eight glacier evolution models, we simulate global glacier evolution over multi-centennial timescales, allowing glaciers to equilibrate with climate under various constant global temperature [...]

Potential impacts of plant pests and diseases on trees and forests in the UK

Daniel Patrick Bebber, Ilya MacLean, Jonathan Mosedale, et al.

Published: 2024-12-13
Subjects: Forest Biology, Forest Management, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

Plant pests and diseases (PPDs) pose a serious threat to trees and forests globally. In the wake of the ash dieback epidemic, the UK Government instigated the UK Plant Health Risk Register (PHRR) to provide semi-quantitative estimates of invasion probability and impact on host plants for PPDs thought to pose a risk to the UK to help prioritize biosecurity activities. The PHRR currently contains [...]

Modest, not extreme, northern high latitude amplification over the Mid to Late Miocene shown by coccolith clumped isotopes

Luz Maria Mejia Ramirez, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Alvaro Fernandez, et al.

Published: 2024-12-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The ongoing global warming is characterized by a high latitude amplification effect, with Northern Hemisphere air temperatures increasing significantly faster than the global average. Widely-used paleotemperature proxies suggest that during past warm climate states, there was extreme high-latitude and polar amplified warming, along with flat latitudinal sea surface temperature (SST) gradients. [...]

A critical evaluation of fossil pollen records from the mangrove tree Pelliciera beyond the Neotropics: biogeographical and evolutionary implications

Valentí Rull

Published: 2024-12-13
Subjects: Paleontology

Pelliciera is a Neotropical mangrove tree restricted to a small region around the Panama Isthmus. In the past, this taxon was distributed across much of the Neotropics, reaching its maximum extent during the Oligo-Miocene. The occurrence of Pelliciera outside the Neotropics had been debated based on a few fossil pollen records from Africa and Europe, though many of these records have been [...]

Gaia, revisited: atmospheric carbon dioxide  as a symptom of a vegetation ozone driven climate cycle

Isabel VanWaveren

Published: 2024-12-13
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

A synoptic analysis of the history of climate science introduces all potential climate drivers. It is demonstrated that the Keeling curve can be seen to reflect yearly ocean CO2 emission minus yearly ocean CO2 uptake. It is also shown that the global carbon equation (GCE), at the foundation of present day climate models is not an equilibrium. This disequilibrium pertains to the neglect of the [...]

Situating place-based, community-engaged watershed research at Xwulqw'selu Sta'lo'

Tom Gleeson, Ella Martindale, Jennifer Shepherd, et al.

Published: 2024-12-12
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Environmental Studies

Xwulqw'selu Sta'lo' is a culturally significant and salmon-bearing river facing significant challenges which Cowichan Tribes and the British Columbia Provincial Government are addressing with a first-of-its-kind watershed plan. Our research is deeply situated at Xwulqw'selu Sta'lo' and is grounded in interdisciplinary academic spheres of place-based research, water monitoring and modeling, [...]

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