Preprints
There are 6074 Preprints listed.
Crevasse locations and meltwater delivery to the bed in Pakitsoq, Greenland: Results from MimiNet, a new deep-learning model for crevasse detection
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
If surface crevasse fields deliver meltwater to the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet, it would affect seasonal ice flow speeds and total mass balance. Whether they do is not currently known; some evidence suggests so, while specific field data suggest not. To address this gap, we develop MimiNet, a neural-network-based tool that identifies surface crevasse fields. We train MimiNet on Sentinel-1 [...]
River Network HyperGraphs and Transportation Network HyperGraphs: A Graph-Theoretic Approach for Geoscientific and Civil Applications
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Civil Engineering, Environmental Studies, Life Sciences, Mathematics, Other Life Sciences, Other Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
River Network Graphs and Transportation Network Graphs are classical models that represent river systems and transportation infrastructures as vertices and edges, respectively, and underpin applications in hydrological simulation, watershed management, shortest-path computation, and urban traffic analysis. In this paper, we extend these graph-based models into the hypergraph and superhypergraph [...]
Simultaneous spectral induced polarization and X-ray µCT imaging to investigate pore-scale dynamics and geoelectrical responses in porous media
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the interplay between pore-scale fluid distribution and bulk electrical properties is critical to improving petrophysical models of partially saturated porous media. This study introduces and evaluates a novel experimental setup that enables synchronized spectral induced polarization (SIP) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) measurements under dynamic saturation conditions. A [...]
Hydraulic Fracturing in a Confined Space System: Stress State, Fracture Space, and Production Enhancement Mechanism
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Engineering, Mining Engineering
Existing mechanical models for hydraulic fracturing technology are established based on open space systems, assuming fractures are primarily formed through tensile failure. However, the source mechanism of newly created fracture space under confined space conditions with constant total volume remains unclear. This study develops a mechanical model for hydraulic fracturing in confined space [...]
More than a buzzword? Mapping interpretations of the 'polycrisis'
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
“Polycrisis” leapt from Davos into everyday policy talk, yet its meaning remains fluid and sometimes contradictory. To take stock, we asked fifty experts to sort key statements, and Q-method analysis revealed four distinct framings. All agree that polycrisis spills across sectors and borders and reject the view that polycrisis is a mere buzzword. They diverge, however, on how much faith to place [...]
On the demise of Whistler, Horstman and Blackcomb Glaciers, southwest British Columbia, Canada: historical use, recent change and future prospects within a mountain resort
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Atmospheric warming is causing glaciers worldwide to retreat and disappear, with repercussions for nearby communities. Effects of glacier retreat have been especially consequential for mountain resorts such as Whistler Blackcomb, Canada, where almost 60 years of summer glacier use has been terminated due to the ongoing demise of Whistler, Horstman and Blackcomb Glaciers. Over the past five [...]
Climate Resilient Agriculture Vulnerability Mapping of Indian Districts – Directions for Future Policy Planning
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering
Climate change poses significant risks to agriculture, especially in agro-dependent, climatevulnerable regions and states of India. This study applies a machine learning-based Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to assess agricultural risks, climate vulnerability in various Indian states with diverse climatic variables to address India’s 2070 net-zero goal. It addresses the existing research gaps [...]
The case for continuing VIPER - a critical milestone on the journey back to the Moon
Published: 2025-07-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
NASA's VIPER mission was designed to explore the Moon's south pole, with a primary objective of identifying and characterising volatile compounds such as water ice. Despite having been fully built and having passed all preflight environmental testing, the mission was cancelled by NASA in July 2024, and the rover remains in storage. In this paper, we outline why it remains crucial that a route to [...]
‘You can’t blame people for risky choices if there are no better options’: Household water safety in the Dominican Republic
Published: 2025-07-02
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Household water insecurity, fractured systems of water delivery, and intermittent water supply hamper efforts to ensure that the water households consume is safe. Household water treatment and safe storage are often advocated as effective, rapidly deployed, and cost-effective solutions to these problems. However, the effectiveness of these measures and household compliance with them often degrade [...]
The 4th Global Coral Bleaching Event: Unprecedented, unbounded, unrelenting
Published: 2025-07-02
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Increasingly frequent marine heatwaves have escalated the prevalence and extent of mass coral bleaching events. When marine heatwaves impact reef areas across all tropical ocean basins within a common period, global-scale coral bleaching can unfold. Here, we elaborate previous analyses to define set of objective criteria for defining a Global Coral Bleaching Event. Using this definition, we [...]
Machine Learning Insights into the Geochemical Life Cycle of the Columbia River Flood Basalts
Published: 2025-07-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Flood basalts are challenging to characterize in detail, despite enormous their erupted volumes, due to their age and chemical homogeneity. Here we explore machine learning (ML) approaches for classification and pattern identification in whole rock geochemical data of the Columbia River Flood Basalts (CRFB), which provide key constraints on magma generation, transport, and emplacement. We utilize [...]
Chapter 2.4: Volcanic gas impacts
Published: 2025-07-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Volcanic gases can pose a long-term hazard as they may be released during eruptive and non-eruptive periods. Acidic plumes, diffuse degassing, limnic eruptions and release of gases into the troposphere and stratosphere can affect natural and human environments, scaled to eruption size. The components of volcanic emissions that cause the most impact are CO2, SO2, H2S, 222Rn, HCl, HF, and PM. The [...]
Are All Tipping Points Predictable? A Test of Early Warning Signal Theory on Three Distinct Holocene Climate Events
Published: 2025-07-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The detection of Early Warning Signals (EWS) in noisy paleoclimate time series is a significant analytical challenge. Previous studies have often focused on individual events or single metrics, leaving the broader robustness and universality of the EWS framework unresolved. In this study, we apply a comprehensive analytical pipeline to a δ¹⁸O proxy record from the NGRIP ice core, testing for EWS [...]
The air pollution benefits of low severity fire
Published: 2025-07-02
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Forest Sciences, Remote Sensing
Larger and more frequent wildfire events in Western North America in recent years have resulted in extensive human and environmental damage, and are reversing decades of air quality improvements. Fuels treatments, including the use of prescribed fire, can reduce the extent and severity of future wildfires, but air quality trade-offs resulting from application of these treatments -- more initial [...]
The formation and evolution of the supraglacial weathering crust on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Published: 2025-07-02
Subjects: Glaciology
The formation and evolution of the supraglacial weathering crust on the Greenland Ice Sheet