Preprints
There are 5755 Preprints listed.
Levels of Heavy Metals and Associated Human Health Risk Assessment at the Upper Genale-Dawa River Basin of Ethiopia
Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Public Health
This study investigates the concentration of heavy metals in the Upper Genale Dawa River Basin to assess water quality and potential health risks. The primary objective was to quantify the levels of heavy metals, and to evaluate the associated risks to human health, particularly concerning non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects. Water samples were purposely collected from 24 sites in the River [...]
Multidecadal loss of surface thermal structure in the largest marine upwelling ecosystems
Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Step horizontal gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) occur around upwelling cores, eddies, meanders, current boundaries, island-effect mixing areas, among many other oceanographic features. These thermally structured areas provide ideal turbulence for phytoplankton growth and biomass aggregation, triggering complex and abundant food webs, in turn exploited by populations of marine megafauna [...]
Optimizing data usage in regional body wave tomography by using asynchronous network data and relative sensitivity kernels: an example from Patagonia
Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A very frequent approach for studying lithospheric processes is to deploy temporary seismological networks in dedicated areas and to map the mantle structures with different approaches. One of them is the well-established relative travel time body wave tomography. Different circumstances often lead to a non uniform deployment of stations both in space and time, and a wish to combine data which [...]
Rise in Heat Related Mortality in the United States
Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Geography
Over the past century, extreme heat events (EHE) have become more frequent and intense, resulting in significant health impacts and economic challenges worldwide. In the United States, extreme heat is the leading weather-related cause of death, claiming more lives annually than hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes combined. However, the characteristics of EHEs can vary significantly between events [...]
Socioecological drivers of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) choices: A qualitative analysis of maternal perspectives in northwest Ecuador
Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Public Health
Household-level water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions do not always achieve the expected health benefits. Research that considers WASH within a socioecological framework where climatic, infrastructural, economic, and individual factors are interconnected in influencing maternal choices can inform more effective WASH interventions. To understand WASH preferences and priorities under [...]
Temporal dynamics of biotic homogenization and differentiation across marine fish communities
Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Marine Biology
Humans have transformed ecosystems through habitat modification, harvesting, species introduction, and climate change. Changes in species distribution and composition are often thought to induce biotic homogenization, defined as a decline in spatial beta diversity through time. However, it is unclear whether homogenization is common in ocean ecosystems and if changes in beta diversity exhibit [...]
Topic: Mobility as Climate Change Adaptation in South Africa: Exploring the legal and policy significance of Artificial Intelligence.
Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Environmental Studies
The increasing reality of mobility linked to adverse impacts of climate change highlights an urgent need for nuanced and systematic research around climate mobility. While mobility is often used as a coping or adaptation strategy to escape climate impact, some mobility typifies and results in maladaptation. Protecting populations in vulnerable situations usually raises issues that test the limits [...]
Using Google Earth Engine and the Normalized Difference Drought Index (2000–2024) to assess the spatiotemporal drought severity in Kenya's arid and semi-arid landscape
Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) have seen a surge in extreme climatic events with devastating environmental and livelihood effects. Understanding the dynamics of these extreme events such as drought at the landscape level is essential for anticipatory action among resource-dependent communities in the ASALs. This study utilised Systems Google Earth Engine (GEE) to analyse 24 years of Normalised [...]
Waterlogging, Health and Healthcare Access in Southwest Bangladesh
Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Public Health
Waterlogging, a form of stagnant flooding, is increasingly affecting southwest Bangladesh and is expected to intensify with the expansion of shrimp farming and climate change, contributing to environmental degradation. However, its impacts on health, health service utilisation and household health expenditures remain poorly understood. We conducted a quantitative study between August and [...]
Heatwave Characteristics in Different Ecosystems across Türkiye: Historical and Future Insights from CMIP6 Simulations
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology
Heatwaves pose significant threats to diverse sectors, including agriculture and forestry. This extreme weather event is characterized by prolonged periods of exceptionally high air temperatures and has caused substantial economic damage and affecting millions. During heatwave events, agricultural and forest lands are affected by intensified thermal stress and water scarcity, impacting plant [...]
A comprehensive calibration framework for the Northwest River Forecast Center
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Hydrology, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering
In this paper we present a comprehensive framework developed by the Northwest River Forecast Center (NWRFC) for calibration of arbitrary hydrologic basins. The framework includes hydrology, snow, routing, channel loss, and consumptive use models. Data inputs include a wide range of open access datasets for land use, land cover, and meteorology. The framework can handle basins with diverse [...]
Simulation of multiply scattered elastic waves with 3D wave-equation and radiative transfer equation for displacements and their gradients
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this study, we investigate the behavior of seismic waves in a highly scattering medium using numerical simulations of the full wavefield, based on Spectral Element Method solutions of the wave equation. The simulated 3D elastic medium was designed with Von Kármán-correlated heterogeneity, providing a realistic representation of the complexities present in natural seismic environments. We [...]
Infrared Backradiation under low humidity conditions: An Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Impact
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study examines the impact of greenhouse gases (GHG) on infrared back radiation (IRBR) in extreme desert and midlatitude winter conditions. Employing MODTRAN simulations, pyrgeometer measurements and energy balance fit models, we assess the impacts of CO₂, Argon (Ar), N2O and R-134a. Results indicate that increasing CO₂ concentrations yield a very limited additional IRBR effect, whereas [...]
Evaluating the role of observational uncertainty in climate impact assessments: Temperature-driven yellow fever risk in South America
Published: 2025-04-18
Subjects: Medicine and Health Sciences
Global gridded temperature data sets (GGTDs) vary in their information sources, quality control procedures, generation techniques, and spatial-temporal resolutions, introducing observational uncertainty. This uncertainty is critical not only for studies on current climate conditions but also for future climate change projections, where observational data sets are used for bias correction and [...]
A controlled release experiment for investigating methane measurement performance at landfills
Published: 2025-04-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences
We assessed the performance of various methane measurement solutions in landfill applications. Our study involved full-scale multipoint- and area-source (dispersed) controlled releases of methane from the ground surface of a closed 25-hectare landfill with collection system and a background rate of 24 kg/hr. Most quantification methods performed well, but the Mobile Tracer Correlation Emissions [...]