Preprints
There are 5428 Preprints listed.
Does Productive Safety Net Program Enhance Livelihoods? Insights from Vulnerable Households in Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Agriculture
The impact of Productive Safety Net Programs (PSNPs) on food security, poverty, and livelihoods has been examined in several studies. While some studies found positive impacts on food security and agricultural productivity, there are still gaps in understanding the long-term effects of these programs on poverty reduction and food security. This study aims to investigate the impact of PSNP on the [...]
Tectonic-metamorpic evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, southwest Yukon
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A wealth of information regarding the Mesozoic evolution of the Northern Canadian and Alaskan Cordillera is held within a series of variably metamorphosed and deformed Jura-Cretaceous basins. Located at the interface between the pericratonic Intermontane and exotic Insular terranes, these basins may prove key to understanding the timing and tectonic style of Insular terrane accretion, a topic of [...]
State-Level Multidimensional Agricultural Drought Susceptibility and Risk Assessment for Agriculturally Prominent Areas
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Education
Due to the shifting climate, extreme events are being observed more frequently globally. Drought is one of the most common natural hazards that severely impacts communities in terms of economic losses and agricultural production disruption. Considering global trade, drought in an agricultural region affects the food security in other regions because of disrupted supply. Decision-makers often [...]
Development and validation of an Alaskan coupled storm surge, tide, wind wave, and sea ice forecasting system
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Western Alaska regularly experiences storm surge events induced by extra-tropical storms, most active during fall, winter, and spring. Among others, the presence of sea ice in Western Alaska seawater poses a challenge in modeling storm surge in this area. Existing storm surge models rarely consider sea ice effects together with wind-induced wave effects. In this paper, we present an ALaska [...]
Re-evaluating stoichiometric estimates of iron valence in magmatic clinopyroxene crystals
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Geochemistry
Clinopyroxene is a major rock forming mineral capable of incorporating diverse metal cations. As a consequence, clinopyroxene preserves valuable archives of magmatic processes. Understanding clinopyroxene is thus essential for understanding Earth’s wider chemical evolution. However, knowledge about the relative abundances of ferrous and ferric iron in magmatic clinopyroxene remains sparse because [...]
Applying Machine Learning to Characterize and Transport the Relationship Between Seismic Structure and Surface Heat Flux
Published: 2023-06-15
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology
Geothermal heat flux beneath the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets is an important boundary condition for ice sheet dynamics. Subglacial heat flux is rarely measured directly, so it has been inferred indirectly from proxies (e.g. seismic structure, magnetic Curie depth, surface topography). We seek to improve understanding of the relationship between heat flux and one such proxy---seismic [...]
Iron valence systematics in clinopyroxene crystals from ocean island basalts
Published: 2023-06-15
Subjects: Geochemistry
The valence state of Fe plays a vital role in setting and recording the oxidation state of magmas, commonly expressed in terms of oxygen fugacity (fO2 ). However, our knowledge of how and why fO2 varies within and between magmatic systems remains patchy because of diverse challenges associated with estimating the valence state of Fe in glasses and minerals routinely. Here we investigate Fe [...]
Geochemistry, classification characteristics and mineralization potential of Pegmatites from Oke Ode, Kwara-State, Northeastern, Nigeria: implications for provenance and weathering history
Published: 2023-06-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geochemical analysis of eight (8) representative pegmatite samples reveals high silica (SiO2) 56-62.05 wt % and alumina (Al2O3) 6.80-8.39 wt % contents. The alumina (Al2O3) is greater than the alkali Na2O + K2O +CaO in all the rock samples by values ranging between 0.79 and 1.25wt % implying that the rocks are peraluminous. MgO (0.00-0.00wt%), CaO (1.65-1.86wt %) and Fe2O3 (2.89-3.86 wt %) have [...]
Modeling the behaviour of sulfur in magmatic systems from source to surface: Application to Whakaari/White Island, Aotearoa New Zealand, and Etna, Italy
Published: 2023-06-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Our understanding of the role of volcanoes in the global sulfur cycle and how volcanic gas emissions can be used to monitor volcanoes is limited by the complex interactions between hydrothermal systems and volcanic sulfur emissions. Hydrothermal systems influence the amount and speciation of volcanogenic sulfur, which is ultimately released to the surface/atmosphere via a range of physicochemical [...]
Automated detecting, segmenting and measuring of grains in images of fluvial sediments: The potential for large and precise data from specialist deep learning models and transfer learning
Published: 2023-06-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The size of sedimentary particles in rivers bears information on the sediment entrainment or deposition mechanisms and the hydraulic conditions controlling them. However, collecting such data from coarse-grained sediments is work intensive, both in the field and remotely. Therefore, attention has turned to machine learning models to improve the data acquisition. Despite their success, current [...]
Innovating and networking global geochemical data resources through OneGeochemistry
Published: 2023-06-14
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Cosmochemistry, Databases and Information Systems, Geochemistry, Geology, Planetary Biogeochemistry, Planetary Geochemistry, Planetary Geology, Volcanology
A vision of the not-to-distant future: Imagine yourself as a researcher who is making plans for fieldwork in the Andes Mountains. You are behind your computer and load a three-dimensional visualisation of the Earth and its geology to investigate the research already done in the southern Patagonian regions. You zoom in to the mountain range of interest and select various data layers to show [...]
Flood sequence mapping with multimodal remote sensing under the influence of dense vegetation
Published: 2023-06-13
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
Remote sensing (RS) imagery is becoming increasingly popular in surface water extent extraction thanks to the increasing availability of RS data and advancements in image processing algorithms, software, and hardware. Many studies proved that RS imagery can work independently or along with other approaches to identify flood extent. However, due to the insufficiency in the number of images from [...]
Physical vulnerability curve construction and quantitative risk assessment of a typhoon-triggered debris flow via numerical simulation: A case study of Zhejiang Province, SE China
Published: 2023-06-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Typhoons are recurrent meteorological phenomena in the South-eastern coastal area of China. They often trigger debris flows and other types of slope failure which cause significant economic damage and loss of life in an area with dense population and high economic activities. Accurate prediction of Typhoon-triggered debris flows and determination of the potential risk zones are crucial for risk [...]
Better Localized Predictions with Out-of-Scope Information and Explainable AI: One-Shot SAR Backscatter Nowcast Framework with Data from Neighboring Region
Published: 2023-06-10
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) provides 10-m weather-independent global Earth surface observations for various tasks such as land cover land use mapping, water body delineation, and vegetation change monitoring. However, the application of SAR imagery has been limited to retrospective tasks by a “first event then observation” rule. Recent studies have proven the feasibility of a one-shot forecast [...]
Projected Changes in Hot, Dry and Compound Hot-Dry Extremes over Global Land Regions
Published: 2023-06-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The impacts of hot, dry and compound hot-dry extremes are significant for societies, economies and ecosystems worldwide. Such events therefore need to be assessed in the light of anthropogenic climate change so that suitable adaptation measures can be implemented by governments and stakeholders. Here we show a comprehensive analysis of hot, dry and compound hot-dry extremes over global land [...]