Preprints
There are 5432 Preprints listed.
Spatio-temporal variability of small-scale leads based on helicopter winter sea ice surface temperatures
Published: 2023-04-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Surface temperature is crucial in studying the Arctic climate, particularly during winter. We examine 1 m resolution surface temperature maps of 35 helicopter flights between 02 October 2019 and 23 April 2020, recorded during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC). The seasonal cycle of the average surface temperature spans from 265.6 K on 02 October [...]
EfficientRainNet: Smaller Neural Networks Based on EfficientNetV2 for Rainfall Nowcasting
Published: 2023-04-06
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering
Rainfall nowcasting provides short-term, high-resolution information on the location, intensity, and timing of rainfall, which is crucial for weather forecasting, flood warning, and emergency response. This can help people and organizations make informed decisions to mitigate the impact of severe weather events and reduce the risk of damage and loss of life. There are many attempts at tackling [...]
Ambitious food system interventions required to mitigate the risk of exceeding Earth’s environmental limits
Published: 2023-04-06
Subjects: Agriculture, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability
Transforming the global food system is necessary to avoid exceeding the Earth’s environmental limits. A robust evidence base is crucial to assess the scale and combination of interventions required for a sustainable transformation. We developed a risk assessment framework, underpinned by an evidence synthesis of global food system modeling studies, to quantify the potential of individual and [...]
Daily stream temperature predictions for free-flowing streams in the Pacific Northwest, USA
Published: 2023-04-05
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Supporting sustainable lotic ecosystems and thermal habitats for cold-water species like salmonids requires estimates of stream temperature that are high in scope and resolution across space and time. We combined and enhanced elements of existing stream temperature models to produce a new statistical model to address this need. This model reflects mechanistic processes using publicly available [...]
Ground ozone rise caused by the larger emission reduction of nitrogen oxides than volatile organic components
Published: 2023-04-05
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution has shifted from being a scientific topic to a governmental imperative in China. We analyze the mechanism for the O3 rise observed in Shanghai during the lockdown in the spread of COVID-19 in 2022 by combining utilizing ground-level observed data, an observation-based model, and a chemical transport model. We find that the increase in O3 can be mainly [...]
DiadFit: An Open-Source Python3 Tool for Peak fitting of Raman Data from silicate melts and CO2 fluids
Published: 2023-04-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
We present DiadFit - an open-source Python3 tool for efficient processing of Raman spectroscopy data collected from fluidinclusions, melt inclusions and silicate melts. DiadFit is optimized to fit the characteristic peaks from CO2 fluids (Fermi diads,hot bands, 13C), gas species such as SO2, N2, solid precipitates (e.g., carbonates), and Ne emission lines with easily tweakablebackground positions [...]
Complex seabed geomorphology shaped by various oceanographic processes: a case study from the Gippsland Basin, offshore south-eastern Australia
Published: 2023-04-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Sedimentology
The Gippsland Basin is located in the southeastern continental margin of Australia and hosts a variety of important marine resources. Recent high-resolution seabed mapping reveals that seabed morphology is extremely complex in different regions of the Gippsland Basin (i.e. northern, central and southern regions), ranging from scarps, cyclic step trains, channels, canyons, gullies, and giant [...]
Basin and depositional control on the initiation and development of fluid-escape pipes in the Canterbury Basin, New Zealand.
Published: 2023-04-01
Subjects: Life Sciences
The influence of basin and depositional context on the formation and growth of fluid escape pipes in sedimentary basins is not fully understood. While seismic reflection data is commonly used to study these structures, direct observation and sampling of field analogues of pipes and their related structures are rare. In this study, we investigate the evolution of meter-tall fluid escape pipes [...]
A two-decade analysis of the spatial and temporal variations in burnt areas across ecosystems of Zimbabwe
Published: 2023-03-31
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Understanding wildfire dynamics in space and over time is critical for wildfire control and management. In this study, fire data from MODIS (ESA/CCI/FireCCI/5_1) with ≥ 70% confidence level was used to characterise spatial and temporal variation in fire frequency in Zimbabwe between 2001 and 2020. Results showed that burnt area increased by 16% from 3,689 km2 in 2001 to 61,330km2 2011 and [...]
The Economic Burden of Air Pollution’s Health Impact. Evaluating Single Businesses Value Chains on a Global Scale
Published: 2023-03-31
Subjects: Engineering
Air pollution is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Since air pollution tends to concentrate around the emission point, its precise geographical assessment is particularly important. With the present work, we propose a new method to assess the impacts of any company’s emissions on human health and the economy. We address the challenge of discovering, measuring, and managing the risks [...]
The Spectrum of Fault Slip in Elastoplastic Fault Zones
Published: 2023-03-31
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Mechanical Engineering
Natural faults are typically surrounded by damage zones that exhibit inelastic material response. This study investigates the role of fault zone strength in modulating the spectrum of fault slip across different spatio-temporal scales. We carry out long-term simulations of seismic and aseismic slip for an elastoplastic spring slider model with rate-and-state friction as well as a continuum model [...]
Features of crevasse splay deposits and sedimentary processes associated with levee breaching by the October 2019 flood of the Chikuma River, Central Japan
Published: 2023-03-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Sedimentology
Field investigations and analyses of modern crevasse splay deposits can both elucidate the processes of levee breaching and help to identify past crevasse splay deposits from geologic strata, thereby estimating the magnitudes of ancient river floods. In this study, we studied levee breach processes and crevasse splay deposits in order to determine the distribution characteristics of the [...]
Spatial Downscaling of Streamflow Data with Attention Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks
Published: 2023-03-31
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Engineering, Engineering
Accurate streamflow data is vital for various climate modeling applications, including flood forecasting. However, many streams lack sufficient monitoring due to the high operational costs involved. To address this issue and promote enhanced disaster preparedness, management, and response, our study introduces a neural network-based method for estimating historical hourly streamflow in two [...]
The Application of CNN-Based Image Segmentation for Tracking Coastal Erosion and Post-Storm Recovery
Published: 2023-03-31
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geomorphology
Coastal erosion due to extreme events can cause significant damage to coastal communities and deplete beaches. Post-storm beach recovery is a crucial natural process that rebuilds coastal morphology and reintroduces eroded sediment to the subaerial beach. However, monitoring the beach recovery, which occurs at various spatiotemporal scales, presents a significant challenge. This is due to, [...]
Has Tropical Cyclone Disaster Risk Increased in Bangladesh: Retrospective Analysis of Storm Information, Disaster Statistics, and Mitigation Measures
Published: 2023-03-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Tropical cyclone (TC) disaster risk has likely increased in Bangladesh since the beginning of the 21st century. It is primarily due to the cumulative impact of rising coastal exposures such as population, insufficient funding to address disaster risks, and ineffective utilization of century-old early warning signals for TC. From 2000 to 2020, the average number of people affected by a Category [...]