Preprints
There are 6224 Preprints listed.
Heatwave Characteristics in Different Ecosystems across Türkiye: Historical and Future Insights from CMIP6 Simulations
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology
Heatwaves pose significant threats to diverse sectors, including agriculture and forestry. This extreme weather event is characterized by prolonged periods of exceptionally high air temperatures and has caused substantial economic damage and affecting millions. During heatwave events, agricultural and forest lands are affected by intensified thermal stress and water scarcity, impacting plant [...]
Simulation of multiply scattered elastic waves with 3D wave-equation and radiative transfer equation for displacements and their gradients
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this study, we investigate the behavior of seismic waves in a highly scattering medium using numerical simulations of the full wavefield, based on Spectral Element Method solutions of the wave equation. The simulated 3D elastic medium was designed with Von Kármán-correlated heterogeneity, providing a realistic representation of the complexities present in natural seismic environments. We [...]
A comprehensive calibration framework for the Northwest River Forecast Center
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Hydrology, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering
In this paper we present a comprehensive framework developed by the Northwest River Forecast Center (NWRFC) for calibration of arbitrary hydrologic basins. The framework includes hydrology, snow, routing, channel loss, and consumptive use models. Data inputs include a wide range of open access datasets for land use, land cover, and meteorology. The framework can handle basins with diverse [...]
Infrared Backradiation under low humidity conditions: An Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Impact
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study examines the impact of greenhouse gases (GHG) on infrared back radiation (IRBR) in extreme desert and midlatitude winter conditions. Employing MODTRAN simulations, pyrgeometer measurements and energy balance fit models, we assess the impacts of CO₂, Argon (Ar), N2O and R-134a. Results indicate that increasing CO₂ concentrations yield a very limited additional IRBR effect, whereas [...]
Evaluating the role of observational uncertainty in climate impact assessments: Temperature-driven yellow fever risk in South America
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Medicine and Health Sciences
Global gridded temperature data sets (GGTDs) vary in their information sources, quality control procedures, generation techniques, and spatial-temporal resolutions, introducing observational uncertainty. This uncertainty is critical not only for studies on current climate conditions but also for future climate change projections, where observational data sets are used for bias correction and [...]
A controlled release experiment for investigating methane measurement performance at landfills
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences
We assessed the performance of various methane measurement solutions in landfill applications. A measurement solution is defined as a system or market offering that quantifies and/or localizes emissions. Our study involved full-scale multipoint- and area-source (dispersed) controlled releases of methane from the ground surface of a closed 25-hectare landfill with collection system and a [...]
Oxic conditions in shallow marine settings during the Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction
Published: 2025-04-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The concept that ultra-shallow marine anoxia was a major cause of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction was partly based on sections from the Dolomites (Italy). We test this hypothesis by re-examining the Dolomites record, utilizing an updated redox sensitive trace metal (V, U and Mo) approach, combined with Fe speciation and Th/U ratios, and paleontological observations. Redox sensitive trace [...]
Floods and Water Management in Chiang Mai and the Upper Ping catchment, Northern Thailand
Published: 2025-04-17
Subjects: Geomorphology, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Water Resource Management
The city of Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand has been subject to regular major floods in the past couple of decades. In this review, we provide some background information on the hydrology of Upper Ping river catchment, the hydrogeology of the Chiang Mai – Lamphun basin, historical records of hydrological events in the area and more recent depictions of major floods. In the second part of this [...]
Artificial Intelligence in the polycrisis: fueling or fighting flames?
Published: 2025-04-16
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly entangled with the polycrisis—persistent, interconnected disruptions shaping the Anthropocene. Using the Anthropocene Traps framework, we analyze 14 structural, self-reinforcing dynamics, revealing how AI both reinforces and potentially counteracts polycrisis. While AI may enhance information gathering, efficiency, and ecological research, it also [...]
ANALYSING THE PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION WITH RESPECT TO FOOD SECURITY IN INDIAN CONTEXT
Published: 2025-04-16
Subjects: Education, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Ending hunger, achieving food security and sustainable agriculture is the second Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) out of seventeen SDGs of United Nations and it aims to ensure food security and nutrition to each individual globally. Plant varieties protection (PVP)and plant breeders’ rights protection agreements and laws like International Union for the Protection of New varieties of Plant [...]
What the landscape can tell: An integrative stratigraphic prospection approach for localizing a Black Death mass grave in Erfurt/Central Germany
Published: 2025-04-16
Subjects: Life Sciences
The Black Death pandemic (1346-53) has caused a 30-50% population decline across Europe. For the city of Erfurt in Thuringia, substantial human losses and corresponding mass graves are well-documented in historical archives. The aim of our study is to localize these mass graves in the deserted village of Neuses in order to validate the written sources and to obtain skeletal remains for future [...]
Assessing legacy nitrogen in groundwater using numerical models of the Long Island aquifer system, New York
Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Nitrogen transported along groundwater flow paths in coastal aquifers can contribute substantially to nitrogen loading into surface water receptors, particularly in hydrologic systems dominated by groundwater discharge. Nitrogen entrained in the aquifer is a function of land use and associated nitrogen sources at the time of groundwater recharge, which may differ considerably from present-day [...]
Artificial Intelligence-Based Joint Retrieval Algorithm for Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, and Atmospheric Water Vapor
Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The thermal infrared remote sensing parameters exhibit interdependent and mutually constrained relationships, which conventional methods fail to fully exploit for improving the overall retrieval accuracy across different parameters. To address this challenge, this study proposes an artificial intelligence-based method for jointly retrieving land surface temperature (LST), emissivity (LSE), and [...]
Drivers of changes in shoreline position of two small reef islands in the West Philippine Sea
Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences
This study examines the variations in the shoreline position of two atoll reef islands in the West Philippine Sea, Pag-asa Island, and Lawak Island, and identifies the influence of potential drivers of erosion. Data from field observations, beach profiling, and Google Earth Pro satellite images from 2004 to 2022 are used to identify shoreline movement for each island. Shoreline change is [...]
Missing well logs prediction method based on K-nearest neighbors regression
Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In petroleum exploration, well logs are crucial for reservoir characterization. However, missing well logs frequently occur due to tool failures or economic constraints, which can impede accurate subsurface modeling. This research presents a method for predicting missing well logs using the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) regression algorithm, trained on data from the University of Kansas. The study [...]