Preprints
There are 4717 Preprints listed.
Retrieving the irrigation actually applied at district scale: assimilating high-resolution Sentinel-1-derived soil moisture data into a FAO-56-based model
Published: 2023-07-25
Subjects: Engineering
Irrigation is the most water consuming activity in the world. Knowing the timing and amount of irrigation that is actually applied is therefore fundamental for water managers. However, this information is rarely available at all scales and is subject to large uncertainties due to the great diversity of existing agricultural practices and associated irrigation regimes (full irrigation, deficit [...]
Python workflow for segmenting multiphase flow in porous rocks
Published: 2023-07-25
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The need for accurate, consistent and fast image processing has become an important part of the investigation of multiphase flow through porous media. We describe an open-source image processing workflow written in python, using the sci-kit toolbox. We demonstrate the methodology to segment multiple fluids (gas and brine), and the rock grains for a Bentheimer sandstone. This workflow can be [...]
Soil geochemistry of hydrogen and other gases along the San Andreas Fault
Published: 2023-07-23
Subjects: Environmental Chemistry, Geochemistry, Geology, Multivariate Analysis, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Soil Science
Natural hydrogen has generated great interest as a potential clean and renewable energy source. To understand the occurrence of natural hydrogen, 103 1-m deep soil gas samples were acquired near the San Andreas Fault at Jasper Ridge and Portola Valley, California, USA. The gas samples were analyzed for hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, light hydrocarbons, and fixed gas concentrations. Statistical [...]
Plastics in the deep sea – a global estimate of the ocean floor reservoir
Published: 2023-07-21
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The exponential increase in plastic production coupled with variable global waste management system efficiencies has resulted in large amounts of plastic waste entering the ocean every year. Although we know millions of tonnes of plastic have entered the oceans, we do not yet understand the patterns of its accumulation across space nor the drivers of these patterns. The deep ocean is expected to [...]
Coherent subsiding structures in large eddy simulations of atmospheric boundary layers
Published: 2023-07-21
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coherent structures are characterized in high-resolution simulations of three atmospheric boundary layers: dry convection, marine cumulus, and stratocumulus. Based on radioactive-decaying tracers emitted at different altitudes (surface, top of well-mixed layer, and cloud top), a object-oriented methodology allows individual characterization of coherent tridimensional plumes within the flow. [...]
Adaptation to climate damages is not inevitable
Published: 2023-07-21
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Understanding how climate change will affect human welfare must account for how humans will adapt to the changing environment. Adaptations are often local, unobserved, or will only emerge in the future, posing a challenge for attempts to empirically derive climate damage functions and leading to claims that such empirically based functions overestimate the future economic costs of warming. By [...]
Physically based Probabilistic Rainfall Intensity-Duration (ID) Thresholds for Runoff-Generated Debris Flows
Published: 2023-07-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Hydrology
Runoff-generated debris flows are common hazards in mountainous regions, causing millions of dollars lost and hundreds of casualties yearly. Early warning systems based on rainfall thresholds have been implemented to reduce the impact of these hazards. These thresholds tend to be based on short monitoring periods, which cannot fully capture the varying responses of catchments to rainfall. As a [...]
Application of Köppen Climate Classification of Two Remote Regions in Turkey
Published: 2023-07-21
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
This paper presents the application of the Köppen climate classification system for two remote regions in Turkey. The author describes the Köppen system and the history of climate classification briefly. The author uses the meteorological data of Mersin province in the Mediterranean region and Sinop province in the Black Sea region. The author compares the results with the existing classification [...]
Improving drinking water consumer confidence reports: Applying user-centered design
Published: 2023-07-20
Subjects: Public Health
The US Environmental Protection Agency is revising its policy on drinking water quality reports for consumers. These reports are intended to enhance the public’s “right to know” and to spur action to protect and promote safe water. However, these reports are known to be highly technical and difficult to access compromising their communication value. This study engaged a focus group to gather [...]
Lower summer lake levels in regulated perialpine lakes, caused by climate change
Published: 2023-07-20
Subjects: Engineering
Alpine regions are particularly sensitive to climate change due to the pronounced effect on snow and glacial melt. In this context, large perialpine lakes play a crucial role in modulating climate change impacts on water resources, which brings together diverse interests. However, climate change studies on river systems rarely include lakes or lake level management. An open question is how to [...]
Effect of basal friction on granular column collapse
Published: 2023-07-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The collapse behaviour of granular materials is influenced by many factors, such as aspect ratio and inter-particle friction. However, the specific impact of basal to grain friction on column collapse remains poorly understood. In this study, we systematically analyse the effect of basal friction on gravity-driven granular column collapse using a validated smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) [...]
An adjoint-based optimization method for jointly inverting heterogeneous material properties and fault slip from earthquake surface deformation data
Published: 2023-07-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Analysis of tectonic and earthquake-cycle associated deformation of the crust can provide valuable insights into the underlying deformation processes including fault slip. How those processes are expressed at the surface depends on the lateral and depth variations of rock properties. The effect of such variations is often tested by forward models based on a priori geological or geophysical [...]
A preliminary assessment of urban water security in Ulaanbaatar, a semi-arid region in Mongolia.
Published: 2023-07-19
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Water security is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. Understanding context-specific challenges and opportunities around this issue is key to improving water systems globally. This paper explores the current state of urban water security in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s capital city. Ulaanbaatar is home to more than 40% of the country’s population and 60% of its national GDP. The city is [...]
Mapping Permafrost Variability and Degradation Using Seismic Surface Waves, Electrical Resistivity, and Temperature Sensing: A Case Study in Arctic Alaska
Published: 2023-07-19
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydrology
Subsurface processes significantly influence surface dynamics in permafrost regions, necessitating utilizing diverse geophysical methods to reliably constrain permafrost characteristics. This research uses multiple geophysical techniques to explore the spatial variability of permafrost in undisturbed tundra and its degradation in disturbed tundra in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. Here, we integrate multiple [...]
High rates of rock organic carbon oxidation sustained as Andean sediment transits the Amazon foreland-floodplain
Published: 2023-07-18
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geochemistry
The oxidation of organic carbon contained within sedimentary rocks (“petrogenic” carbon, or hereafter OCpetro) emits nearly as much CO2 as is released by volcanism, thereby playing a key role in the long-term global C budget. High erosion rates in mountains have been shown to increase OCpetro oxidation. However, these settings also export un-weathered material that may continue to react in [...]