Preprints
There are 5978 Preprints listed.
Computer vision-based measurement of stormwater discharge: proof-of-concept
Published: 2025-01-29
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Stormwater systems, as infrastructure draining urban water runoff into water bodies, are pivotal in preserving municipal functionality while they play an important hydrological and environmental role. As such, the ability to reliably monitor stormwater outflow in many locations could provide valuable information for water managers. However, in most cases stormwater outlets have not been designed [...]
Large earthquakes are more predictable than smaller ones
Published: 2025-01-29
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Large earthquakes have been viewed as highly chaotic events regardless of their magnitude, making their prediction intrinsically challenging. Here, we develop a mathematical tool to incorporate multiscale physics, capable of describing both deterministic and chaotic systems, to model earthquake rupture. Our findings suggest that the chaotic behavior of seismic dynamics, that is, its sensitivity [...]
Wood gasification in catastrophes: Electricity production from light duty vehicles
Published: 2025-01-28
Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
Following global catastrophic infrastructure loss (GCIL), traditional electricity networks would be unavailable, necessitating alternative solutions to sustain critical services, such as decentralized electricity generation from wood gas. This study explores the feasibility of using modified light duty vehicles to self-sustain electricity generation by producing wood chips for wood gasification. [...]
SpartANN - Spectral Pattern Analysis and Remote-sensing Tool with Artificial Neural Networks
Published: 2025-01-28
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Geography, Remote Sensing, Software Engineering
Remote sensing, particularly from satellite observation, has become the standard tool for monitoring the planet with a steady increase of data production, and has seen wide application in ecosystem services analysis and management. Many remote sensing applications involve image classification, using methods from simple regressions to complex machine learning approaches that require advanced user [...]
Pre-eruptive reservoir conditions of the peralkaline Rungwe Pumice (Tanzania) Plinian eruption from haüyne-hosted melt inclusions
Published: 2025-01-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The style and explosivity of volcanic eruptions are primarily governed by the interplay between conduit dynamics (e.g., magma ascent rate and degassing efficiency) and pre-eruptive magmatic conditions, both of which influence magma rheology. In highly alkaline magmas (i.e., agpaitic index > 1), the depolymerising effect of alkaline elements lowers melt viscosity at a given temperature, [...]
Challenges in Integrating Dissolved Organic Matter Chemodiversity into Kinetic Models of Soil Respiration
Published: 2025-01-25
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Soil Science
The chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil has been proposed to influence the microbial metabolism and fate of belowground organic carbon (C). However, effectively integrating DOM chemistry into soil C cycle models to improve predictions of C stocks and fluxes—beyond simply considering DOM pool size—remains a challenge. While recent research suggests that incorporating DOM [...]
Interpretable biome-aligned temperature zones for climate classification via average monthly temperatures
Published: 2025-01-25
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
We introduce temperature zones based on average monthly temperatures that closely align with biome boundaries, intended for use in climate classification. This new system retains the simplicity and interpretability of existing classifications, such as those of Köppen-Geiger and Trewartha, while providing an improved fit to biome boundaries. Unlike previous classifications, we developed our system [...]
A bipolar convection seesaw explains Earth system response to Heinrich events
Published: 2025-01-25
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Climate, Oceanography
On the Chronology and Development of Europe's Highest Aeolian Landform: The Sarykum Dune Complex in the North Caspian Region
Published: 2025-01-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The highest aeolian landform in Europe, the Sarykum dune complex, is located in the southwestern Caspian Depression near the Caucasus Mountains. Despite its prominence and accessibility, its morphology and evolution have been previously poorly understood. In this study we investigate the dune complex through a synthesis of geomorphological, geological, and geochronological methods. Our findings [...]
Widely variable granite production from a restitic metasedimentary terrane by volatile redistribution
Published: 2025-01-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Other Earth Sciences
The amount of melt extracted from a metasedimentary source is a major parameter in quantitative models of crustal processes; however, quantification of melt volume is thwarted by the heterogeneity of the crust and a lack of estimates concerning the amount of fluid present. We observe that highly systematic trends in metasedimentary rocks allow treatment of protoliths as two component mixtures, [...]
Planform geometric classification of fluvial and tidal channels via machine learning
Published: 2025-01-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
Despite forming under different flow conditions, the geometries of tidal and fluvial channel planforms and planform transformations display significant overlap, hindering efforts to differentiate them geometrically. Although studies have demonstrated that gobally, tidal and fluvial planforms are statistically distinct based on meander metrics, there are currently no machine-learning methodologies [...]
Enhanced Oil Recovery using carbon dioxide directly captured from air does not enable carbon-neutral oil
Published: 2025-01-24
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study evaluates the feasibility of producing carbon neutral oil via CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO2-EOR) coupled with direct air capture. Existing analyses often provide case-specific insights based on short-term operations that do not encompass the full life cycle of reservoir exploitation. In contrast, we propose a novel, top-down approach based on mass and volume conservation, expanding [...]
Rift-Induced Repositioning of Mantle Plumes Beneath the Indian Lithosphere: Implications for Deccan Volcanism
Published: 2025-01-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Indian craton comprises a number of old rifts, e.g., the Narmada, the Mahanadi and the Godavari rifts, which reactivated in multiple stages during the supercontinent breakup events. The latest reactivation of the Indian rift system occurred at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary when the Réunion plume interacted with the Indian plate, leading to the massive Deccan volcanism at 66 Ma. Although the [...]
DeepGEM-EGF: A Bayesian strategy for joint estimates of source-time functions and empirical Green’s functions
Published: 2025-01-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences
An earthquake record is the convolution of source radiation, path propagation and site effects, and instrument response. Isolating the source component requires solving an ill-posed inverse problem. Whether the instability of inferred source parameters arises from varying properties of the source, or from approximations we introduce in solving the problem, remains an open question. Such [...]
Pleistocene pedogenic carbonates from alluvial paleosols in eastern Sudan reveal a semi-arid and seasonal climate, similar to today
Published: 2025-01-23
Subjects: Geology
Pedogenic carbonates can provide important information regarding paleoclimatic conditions. Compared with East Africa, Pleistocene pedogenic carbonates in Sudan, particularly calcretes, have received very little attention, particularly with regard to local paleoclimatic reconstructions. Pleistocene alluvial sediments aged from ~230 to <17 ka were deposited along the middle Atbara River in [...]