Preprints
There are 6266 Preprints listed.
Comprehensive Flood Impact Assessment for Iowa Bridge Infrastructure Using Integrated AHP and Fuzzy AHP Analysis
Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Flooding poses a significant threat to transportation infrastructure like bridges and culverts in regions like Iowa, where infrastructure deficiencies, unpredictable climate patterns, and geographic factors all contribute to vulnerability. This study evaluates the susceptibility of over 24,000 bridges in Iowa to flood-induced damage by considering both the likelihood of flooding and its potential [...]
Comparative Analysis of Flood Risk Zoning and Susceptibility Assessment for the Western Corn Belt Plains using Geospatial Techniques
Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Education, Engineering
Flooding is among the most destructive natural hazards, causing severe socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Accurate flood susceptibility assessment is critical for effective mitigation and sustainable resource planning. This study integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods to evaluate flood vulnerability across four [...]
Tidal flexure reveals effective elasticity in grounding zones on the Ross Ice Shelf
Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The grounding zones of Antarctic ice shelves are among the continent’s most dynamic regions, where floating ice shelves buttress grounded upstream ice and tidal forcing drives cyclic flexure at the ice-ocean-bed interface. We use ICESat-2 altimetry and airborne ice-penetrating radar to constrain the effective Young’s modulus E* of ice in the flexure zone at three sites on the Ross Ice Shelf. By [...]
Four-Decade Analysis of Fire Behavior in the Brazilian Caatinga Biome 1985-2023
Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Forest Management, Geographic Information Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing
The Caatinga, unique in northeastern Brazil, has species adapted to the semi-arid climate. Recurrent fires put its biodiversity at risk, highlighting the need for urgent measures to protect this fragile ecosystem. This study analyzed four decades of fire behavior in the Caatinga biome (1985-2023) using data from the MapBiomas Fire project and spatial analysis, revealing a worrying dynamic of [...]
WITHDRAWN Estimating the contribution of vacant land in mitigating flooding in the Neuse Basin
Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
WITHDRAWN
The effects of rain on a Ka-band swath altimeter: lessons learned from the SWOT mission
Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology, Oceanography
The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission offers unprecedented Ka-band swath altimetry measurements via its KaRIn instrument, but remains highly sensitive to signal attenuation by precipitation. This study investigates the radiometric behavior of KaRIn under rain conditions, focusing on the characterization, correction, and physical interpretation of the normalized radar backscatter [...]
Impact of Marine Heatwaves and Coldwaves on CO2 in the South China Sea
Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Global warming is increasing the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea, while marine cold waves (MCWs) occur intermittently. Both phenomena influence the air-sea CO2 flux (FCO2) at the air-sea interface. This study uses inversion and reanalysis data, along with FCO2 diagnostic methods, to assess their impact on FCO2 in the South China Sea from 2003 to 2019. The [...]
A multiple asymmetric bilateral rupture sequence derived from the peculiar tele-seismic P-waves of the 2025 Myanmar earthquake
Published: 2025-04-10
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
A large strike-slip earthquake occurred in central Myanmar on March 28, 2025. The aftershock distribution suggests that the rupture of the mainshock propagated mainly to the south. However, a large-amplitude phase lasting 20 s, followed by a short-period pulse-like phase, were observed at the stations on the north side of the source, while on the south side tremor-like phases with multiple peaks [...]
Differential Impacts of Marine Heatwaves and Coldwaves on Air-Sea CO2 Flux Across Global Oceans
Published: 2025-04-10
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The contrasting impacts of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold waves (MCWs) on the ocean carbon cycle remain insufficiently understood. Based on observational and reanalysis data from 1990 to 2019, this study investigates the global-scale responses of air-sea CO2 fluxes (FCO2) to MHWs and MCWs. Results reveal that MHWs and MCWs exert opposing influences on FCO2, with the magnitude of [...]
How the Magnetic North Pole and Energetic Particle Precipitation Control Earth's Climate
Published: 2025-04-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The hypothesis that the position of the magnetic North Pole (Dip Pole) (latitude) ought to be very highly correlated with global temperature change on Earth has been tested and shown to be correct. The probability of such a correlation happening by chance is close to zero. Moreover, this has likely been the dominant climate driver for the last 2000 years. A Granger causality test shows Pole Shift [...]
Deep source regions for back-arc volcanism in the Patagonian slab window imaged by finite frequency P and SH body wave tomography
Published: 2025-04-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
The subduction of the Chile Ridge beneath South America beginning 12-16 Myr ago opened a gap in the subducting slab beneath southern Patagonia, which migrated northward and is located today at 46oS. Geodynamic processes associated with the slab window are poorly understood. Here we apply finite-frequency P and SH body wave tomography to seismic data from several temporary arrays as well as [...]
Forecasting During Volcanic Crises
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Forecasting during a volcanic crisis is vital to the preservation of life and mitigation of loss during eruption. Decisions on when, where and how to evacuate, where to send the evacuees, and when they can return, are all informed by forecasts of impending volcanic activity. We review input data and models that underlie short-term forecasts during an eruption crisis, software and tools applied, [...]
dageo: Data Assimilation in Geosciences
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Mining Engineering, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Engineering
Data Assimilation combines computer models with real-world measurements to improve estimates and forecasts of dynamical systems such as oceans, atmosphere, and subsurface reservoirs. The Python package dageo is a tool to apply data assimilation in geoscience applications. Currently, it encompasses the Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation (ESMDA) method and provides tools for [...]
Volcano stratigraphy and mapping
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Volcano-geologic mapping and stratigraphic reconstructions provide important information toward understanding patterns of edifice construction and destruction of volcanic systems, their eruptive histories and recurrence rates, and magmatic evolution and plumbing systems, all of which are required to make informed hazard assessments. Geologic mapping of volcanic terrains also provides context in [...]
Assessing Future Ice Shelf Collapse Vulnerability in the ISMIP6 Ensemble
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the possibility of future ice shelf collapses similar to the Larsen B is critical for improving sea-level-rise projections due to the restraint on upstream flow that ice shelves provide. Prior research has provided a criterion for assessing the vulnerability of ice shelf to hydrofracture. We apply these calculations to the model ensemble results from the Ice Sheet Modeling [...]