Preprints
There are 5750 Preprints listed.
Challenges and opportunities of ML and explainable AI in large-sample hydrology
Published: 2024-09-09
Subjects: Hydrology
Machine learning (ML) is a powerful tool for hydrological modelling, prediction, dataset generation, model interpretation, and process discovery. As such, ML has become integral to the field of large-sample hydrology, where hundreds to thousands of river catchments are included within a single ML model to capture diverse hydrological behaviours and improve model generalisability. This manuscript [...]
Evidence supporting a broader than previously thought influence of solar activity over Earth system’s processes. Discussion of a possible mechanism.
Published: 2024-09-08
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
In this article, I show lines of evidence supporting a modulation of volcanic activity and some weather phenomena by solar wind conditions in the near-Earth environment. On a daily timescale, a correlation is found between the LP earthquake activity of Kilauea volcano, related to magma transport, and the Bx component of the interplanetary magnetic field as measured in the OMNI database for [...]
Envisioning nature positive futures for Europe: Inspiring transformative change at the biodiversity nexus
Published: 2024-09-06
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Transformative change is required to secure a liveable future for people and nature. The Nature Futures Framework (NFF) is a heuristic tool to facilitate the creation of plural visions of nature positive futures that help build shared motivation for transformative change. Integrating nexus approaches with the NFF leverages the foundational role of biodiversity in supporting desirable outcomes [...]
A Preliminary Analysis of Landsat Surface-Reflectance Data from Torch Lake in Antrim County, Michigan, from 1984 to 2023
Published: 2024-09-06
Subjects: Fresh Water Studies, Hydrology
This report describes an investigation of visible light reflectances from Torch Lake in Antrim County, Michigan. The oligotrophic lake is the largest inland lake in Michigan by volume and the second largest by surface area. Local residents have expressed concern that a recent, on-going proliferation of golden-brown algae may be impacting the water quality and aesthetics of the lake. This report [...]
Carbon storage in Northern Ireland’s aquatic ecosystems: an evidence synthesis to support policy development.
Published: 2024-09-06
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Marine Biology, Oceanography
Blue carbon is defined as carbon that is naturally sequestered and stored in the world’s aquatic ecosystems. Governments around the world are currently seeking to develop a range of tools to help meet their commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and potentially reverse anthropogenic climate change. As such, there is growing interest from policy makers in natural processes which may be [...]
Enhanced Blocking Frequencies in Very-high Resolution Idealized Climate Model Simulations
Published: 2024-09-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Atmospheric blocking is a key dynamical phenomenon in the mid- and high latitudes, able to drive day-to-day weather changes and meteorological extremes such as heatwaves, droughts and cold waves. Current global circulation models struggle to fully capture observed blocking frequencies, likely because of their coarse horizontal resolution. Here we use convection permitting, nested idealized model [...]
Slow true polar wander around varying equatorial axes since 320 Ma
Published: 2024-09-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
True polar wander (TPW), the rotation of the solid Earth relative to the spin axis, is driven by changes in the Earth's moment of inertia induced by mantle convection and may have influenced past climate and life. Long-term TPW is typically inferred from large polar shifts in paleomagnetic apparent polar wander paths or computed directly by rotating them in a mantle reference frame. However, most [...]
A probabilistic model for coseismic vertical displacement hazard in coastal settings
Published: 2024-09-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Characterizing coastal multi-hazards in tectonically active regions requires considering possible coseismic vertical deformation. Coseismic uplift or subsidence can cause near-instantaneous meter-scale relative sea level changes that can exacerbate or reverse the effects of ongoing global sea-level rise. In this study, we developed a probabilistic model that forecasts coseismic vertical [...]
Deciphering Climate Variability Trends: Unveiling the Impact on Household Staple Crop Productivity in East Wallaga Zone, Ethiopia
Published: 2024-09-05
Subjects: Geography
This study looks at how Ethiopia's East Wallaga Zone's staple crop yields are affected by climate variability between 1990 and 2022. The main goal is to evaluate the effects of temperature and precipitation variations on the production of important crops, namely wheat and teff, in the highlands, midlands, and lowlands of various agroecological zones. The Ethiopian Meteorological Institute, [...]
Filter, Heat, Spin: A Simple and Inexpensive Method for DNA Preparation from Freshwater for use in High-Throughput Molecular Source Tracking
Published: 2024-09-04
Subjects: Research Methods in Life Sciences
Molecular source tracking (MST) can improve community health by enabling the identification of the source species of fecal bacteria contamination in waterways. However, widespread adoption of this method at a large scale is hindered by the cost of commercial extraction kits and the technical expertise required to use them. We developed a simpler, highly efficient, scalable, accessible, and [...]
The formation and evolution of Earth’s inner core.
Published: 2024-09-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Growth of the inner core provides crucial power for generating the geomagnetic field and preserves a unique record of deep Earth evolution. The classical picture of inner core growth ignores the fact that the liquid core must have been supercooled below its melting temperature to spontaneously freeze the inner core. In this review we assess the impact of supercooling on inner core formation, [...]
Investigating Rayleigh wave anisotropy in faulted media with three-component beamforming: insights from numerical models and applications for geothermal exploration
Published: 2024-09-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rayleigh waves are prevalent in the ambient seismic noise wavefield and are thus often exploited in passive seismic methods to characterise the near subsurface. In fractured or faulted media, Rayleigh waves show azimuthal anisotropy that could provide information on the fault properties. However, the exact relationship between Rayleigh wave anisotropy and true anisotropic structures is not well [...]
Signal-to-noise errors in early winter Euro-Atlantic predictions caused by weak ENSO teleconnections and pervasive North Atlantic jet biases
Published: 2024-09-03
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Long-range winter predictions over the Euro-Atlantic sector have demonstrated significant skill but suffer from systematic signal-to-noise errors. In this study we examine early winter seasonal predictability in 16 state-of-the-art seasonal forecasting systems. Models demonstrate skill in the hindcasts of the large-scale atmospheric circulation in early winter, which mostly projects onto the East [...]
Apatite as a pathfinder to tin mineralisation: prospects and caveats
Published: 2024-09-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Granite-related mineral deposits are major primary sources of the critical metals tin (Sn) and lithium (Li). The utility of accessory minerals such as zircon and apatite as pathfinders to these ore deposits has been a subject of great interest in recent years, with a number of geochemical discriminants having been developed to distinguish barren from metal-fertile and mineralised intrusions. [...]
Understanding the Importance of Stellar Birth and Evolution for a Comprehensive Understanding of the Sun and Other Stars
Published: 2024-09-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Stars are massive, luminous celestial bodies that are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium gas, as well as other trace elements. Considered as the building blocks of galaxies, including our own Milky Way, and play a crucial role in the formation and evolution of the universe. In the context of the solar system, the Sun is the most important star. It is the center of the solar system, around [...]