Preprints
There are 6169 Preprints listed.
Spatio-temporal analysis of the extremes of precipitation and temperature in the capital cities of India
Published: 2025-01-15
Subjects: Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study presents an analysis of extreme temperature and precipitation events in the capital cities of India during 40-years study period (1982-2022). Daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and rainfall from NASA-POWER were used to compute climate extreme indices, recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) and Expert Team on Sector-Specific Climate [...]
UrbanTALES: A Comprehensive LES Dataset for Urban Canopy Layer Turbulence Analyses and Parameterization Development
Published: 2025-01-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The urban canopy layer (UCL) exhibits complex, heterogeneous flow patterns shaped by urban geometry. Traditionally, research has relied on microscale simulations over limited and often idealized building arrays, leaving a need for more extensive datasets to capture the dynamics across diverse urban neighborhoods. Responding to this gap, we developed an extensive dataset, known hereafter as [...]
Increasing risk of mass human heat mortality if historical weather patterns recur
Published: 2025-01-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The potential death toll of severe extreme heat events is crucial for climate risk analysis and adaptation planning but may not be captured by existing projections. We estimate this quantity for Europe using machine learning to calculate the intensity of historical heat waves if they occur at present or future global temperatures, combined with empirical exposure-response functions to quantify [...]
An updated version of the SZ-plugin: from space to space-time data-driven modeling in QGIS
Published: 2025-01-15
Subjects: Geology, Geomorphology, Software Engineering, Statistical Models
The geospatial community usually makes use of GIS environments to handle databases and pre-process their information. Actual analyses, especially data-driven ones, are performed outside GIS platforms. This interrupts the flow of information and the processing chain in a number of I/O operations that inevitably slow down the overall analytical protocols. The first version of the SZ-plugin [...]
Climate change impacts on compound renewable energy droughts under evolving infrastructure in the Western United States
Published: 2025-01-14
Subjects: Oil, Gas, and Energy, Power and Energy, Sustainability
If renewable energy resources continue to become a larger part of the generation mix in the United States (U.S.), so does the potential impact of prolonged periods of low wind and solar generation, known as variable renewable energy (VRE) droughts. In such a future, naturally occurring VRE droughts need to be evaluated for their potential impact on grid reliability. This study is the first of its [...]
Readapting PhaseNet to Laboratory Earthquakes: AEsNet, a Robust Acoustic Emission Picker Illuminating Seismic Signatures of Different Fault Gouge Materials
Published: 2025-01-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
Laboratory acoustic emissions (AEs) represent microslip events analogous to small- scale earthquakes, providing valuable insights into the mechanics of frictional instabilities. With technological advancements in acoustic monitoring, thousands of AE waveforms can now be collected in minutes of experimental time, requiring efficient methods for their detection and analysis. In this study, we [...]
Classifying cumulatively disadvantaged communities in California: A quantitative comparison of environmental justice screening tools
Published: 2025-01-11
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Studies
Background: Government agencies at the state and federal levels have developed screening tools to classify disadvantaged communities, which are cumulatively burdened by social marginalization and environmental hazards. Status as a recognized disadvantaged community can determine access to public funding and protections associated with environmental justice policies. In California, multiple [...]
Extra-polar cloud feedbacks as a driver of Arctic amplification
Published: 2025-01-11
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate
Spatial variability of marine heatwaves in the Chesapeake Bay
Published: 2025-01-11
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the continental United States. Extreme temperature events, termed marine heatwaves, are impacting this ecologically important zone with increasing frequency. Although marine heatwaves evolve across space and time, a complete spatial picture of marine heatwaves in the Bay is missing. Here we use satellite sea surface temperature to characterize marine [...]
GelCam: Visualizing Sinking Particle Flux via a Polyacrylamide Gel-Based Sediment Trap
Published: 2025-01-11
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Oceanography
Sinking particles play a key role in the biological carbon pump. While previous studies have analyzed particulate carbon flux over timescales of days to years, few have been able to resolve flux variability on shorter, hourly scales at multiple depths simultaneously. This study uses an array of upward-facing cameras, built from off-the-shelf components for under $500 each, to visualize particle [...]
Observation-based estimate of Earth's effective radiative forcing
Published: 2025-01-11
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Human emissions continue to influence Earth's climate. Effective radiative forcing quantifies the effect of such anthropogenic emissions together with natural factors on Earth's energy balance. Evaluating the exact rate of effective radiative forcing is challenging, because it can not be directly observed. Therefore, estimating the effective forcing usually relies on climate models. Here, we [...]
Origin and fate of methane in the Central American convergent margin
Published: 2025-01-11
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Volcanology
Convergent margins are gateways to Earth’s interior where volatile species are cycled between the planet's surface and interior. At these locations, carbon is recycled from deep reservoirs in two main forms: oxidized carbon, such as carbon dioxide, and reduced carbon, such as methane. While the former is quantitatively more important and its volcanic fluxes have been better constrained, the [...]
A semi-automated method for constructing three-dimensional models of complex fault networks
Published: 2025-01-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Fault geometry and the connectivity between faults at depth are both important controls on the nucleation, propagation and arrest of earthquake rupture, so modelling these parameters accurately is essential to models of the earthquake cycle. However, simulations involving complex three-dimensional (3D) fault systems rarely explore the sensitivity of results to uncertainties in geometry and [...]
Dynamic earthquake source inversion with Generative Adversarial Network priors
Published: 2025-01-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Dynamic source inversion of earthquakes consists of inferring frictional parameters and initial stress on a fault consistent with recorded seismological and geodetic data and with dynamic earthquake rupture models. In a Bayesian inversion approach, the nonlinear relationship between model parameters and data requires a computationally demanding Monte Carlo (MC) approach. As the computational cost [...]
Investigating the suitability of dichotomous responses for the Water Insecurity Experience (WISE) Scales using nationally representative data from 39 countries
Published: 2025-01-10
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Background The Water Insecurity Experiences (WISE) Scales have been validated to comparably measure water insecurity globally. The scales consist of 12 items that can be administered in approximately 3 minutes. There is interest in developing more rapid WISE Scale versions, for use when time is limited. One alternative is to use a subset of 4 items, which has been validated, but has some [...]