Preprints
There are 4718 Preprints listed.
Solving a seismic mystery with a diver’s camera: A case of shallow water T -waves in the Persian Gulf
Published: 2023-05-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Sparse offshore coverage of seismic networks has hindered detailed studies of submarine earthquakes and their associated seismic hazard. We present results of our analysis of a diver’s recording of acoustic signals from an ML=5.6 earthquake in the Persian Gulf. We model the signals as a set of several shallow water T phases the frequency and group velocity of which are determined by bathymetry. [...]
Dynamic hydrological niche segregation: how plants compete for water in a semiarid ecosystem
Published: 2023-05-14
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Hydrological niche segregation (HNS), which refers to differences in root water uptake depth and physiological traits among coexisting species, remains poorly understood especially with respect to moisture changes and diverse water use strategies. This is particularly the case in regions with a seasonally dry climate where plants must constantly adapt to water stress. Over a 2-year period, we [...]
A Stability Analysis of Neural Networks and Its Application to Tsunami Early Warning
Published: 2023-05-14
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Numerical Analysis and Computation
Neural networks (NNs) enable precise modeling of complicated geophysical phenomena but are sensitive to small input changes. In this work, we present a new method for analyzing this instability in NNs. We focus our analysis on adversarial examples, test-time inputs with carefully-crafted human-imperceptible perturbations that expose the worst-case instability in a model's predictions. Our [...]
Complex networks for analyzing the urban acoustic environment
Published: 2023-05-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The urban acoustic environment (AE) provides comprehensive acoustic information related to the diverse systems of urban areas, such as traffic, the built environment, or biodiversity. The decreasing cost of acoustic sensors and rapid growth of storage space and computational power have fostered the collection of large amounts of acoustical data to be processed. However, despite the extensive [...]
A Climate Counternarrative: Dubious Carbon Accounting is Making a Canopy Problem Look Like an Energy Problem (for Consent and Profit)
Published: 2023-05-12
Subjects: Agriculture, Climate, Forest Sciences, Soil Science
The modern rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide is man-made but driven by land stewardship changes rather than industrial activities like fossil fuels. Carbon cycle research fails to adequately convey surface-level interactions like plants soaking up carbon dioxide emitted near them. Clear-cutting a forest, for instance, produces a large plume of biogenic carbon dioxide that wind can carry away, [...]
Lived Experience of Climate Change and The Impact on Health and Health Inequalities: A systematic review of qualitative studies from the UK
Published: 2023-05-12
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Climate change is one of the biggest threats to public health in the 21st century. To date little action has been undertaken globally to mitigate the risks of climate change. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesise the qualitative literature on people’s and the health care systems’ lived experiences of climate change with a focus on health and health inequalities. We employed a [...]
Do slow slip earthquakes inhibit catastrophes? Geologic evidence from the Guerrero segment, Mexican subduction zone
Published: 2023-05-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Globally, the largest tsunamigenic earthquakes have occurred along subduction zones. The Mw>9 devasting events in Chile, Sumatra, and Japan struck in areas where no instrumental records reported similar events. The one-thousand kilometer-long Mexican subduction zone (MSZ), where the Rivera-Cocos plates subduct under the North American plate, has no records of events of such magnitude. Historical [...]
Different mechanisms of Arctic first-year sea-ice ridge consolidation observed during the MOSAiC expedition
Published: 2023-05-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sea-ice ridges constitute a large fraction of the ice volume in the Arctic Ocean, yet we know little about the evolution of these ice masses. Here we examine the thermal and morphological evolution of an Arctic first-year sea-ice ridge, from its formation to advanced melt. Initially the mean keel depth was 5.6 m and mean sail height was 0.7 m. The initial rubble macroporosity (fraction of [...]
Glacial Isostatic Adjustment reduces past and future Arctic subsea permafrost
Published: 2023-05-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sea-level rise submerges terrestrial permafrost in the Arctic, turning it into subsea permafrost. Subsea permafrost underlies ∼1.8 million km^2 of Arctic continental shelf, with thicknesses in places exceeding 700 m. Sea-level variations over glacial-interglacial cycles control subsea permafrost distribution and thickness, yet no permafrost model has accounted for glacial isostatic adjustment [...]
National-scale, remotely sensed lake trophic state, 1984-2020
Published: 2023-05-10
Subjects: Biology, Life Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Lake trophic state is a key ecosystem property that integrates a lake’s physical, chemical, and biological processes. Despite the importance of trophic state as a gauge of lake water quality, standardized and machine-readable observations are uncommon. Remote sensing presents an opportunity to detect and analyze lake trophic state with reproducible, robust methods across time and space. We used [...]
Technology cannot fix this: To stay within planetary boundaries, plastic growth must be tackled
Published: 2023-05-10
Subjects: Education
In this Matters Arising, we respond to a recent article by Bachmann et al.1 We argue that dealing with plastics pollution as a novel entity within the planetary boundaries framework needs to consider the entirety of the plastics life cycle, from resource extraction to impacts on earth system processes. Singling out LCA quantifications to set a boundary for recycling plastics is not only an [...]
Ice flow model emulator based on physics-informed deep learning
Published: 2023-05-08
Subjects: Glaciology
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) trained from high-order ice flow model realizations have proven to be outstanding emulators in terms of fidelity and computational performance. However, the dependence on an ensemble of realizations of an instructor model renders this strategy difficult to generalize to a variety of ice flow regimes found in the nature. To overcome this issue, we adopt the [...]
Environmental controls on the brGDGT and brGMGT distributions across the Seine River basin (NW France): Implications for bacterial tetraethers as a proxy for riverine runoff
Published: 2023-05-07
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial lipids that have been largely used as environmental proxies in continental paleorecords. Another group of related lipids, branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGMGTs), has recently been proposed as a potential paleotemperature proxy. Nevertheless, the sources and environmental dependencies of both brGDGTs and [...]
Slip-stuck kinematics of fault surfaces in laboratory experiments: implications for heterogeneous slip distributions during earthquake events
Published: 2023-05-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Combining field observations with analogue laboratory experiments, this study aims to use surface-roughness characteristics as an indicator of the heterogeneous slip partitioning along shear surfaces. We investigated the roughness of shear surfaces in sheared quartzite of the Singhbhum Shear Zone, eastern India, and identified two distinct kinematic domains: slip zone and stuck zone, marked by [...]
Subsurface storage capacity in underexplored sedimentary basins: Hydrogen and carbon dioxide storage on the Irish Atlantic margin
Published: 2023-05-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As Ireland looks westwards to its Atlantic coastline to develop its renewable energy ambitions, offshore sedimentary basins on the Irish Atlantic margin offer significant potential for either collaborative energy (e.g. hydrogen, H2) or carbon dioxide (CO2) storage. Methodologies for subsurface storage assessment developed for basins with dense data coverage are typically less applicable to [...]