Preprints
There are 6306 Preprints listed.
Models of Future Food Systems Should Address Transformation Complexity and Uncertainty
Published: 2025-02-08
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Food systems face increasing, multi-dimensional pressures that demand fully integrated assessments of environmental, social, health, nutritional, and economic dimensions to inform their transformation. Food system models traditionally designed for market-driven optimisation and economic efficiency may not be well suited to address these emerging needs, limiting their ability to support decisions [...]
Reducing RES Droughts through the integration of wind and PV
Published: 2025-02-07
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Power and Energy
Increasing the share of electricity produced from renewable energy sources (RES), combined with RES dependence on weather, poses a critical challenge for energy systems. This study investigates the importance of the balance between wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity on periods of low renewable generation, known as RES droughts. Three different RES datasets are used to estimate the capacity [...]
Quantifying interfacial interactions between kerogen, water, and hydrocarbons across thermal maturity levels and their impact on fluid mobility
Published: 2025-02-07
Subjects: Engineering
Wettability of organic-rich mudrocks has significant impacts on multiphase fluid flow and hydrocarbon recovery. Since kerogen can constitute a significant volumetric fraction of mudrocks, the wettability of kerogen can considerably affect the wettability of organic-rich mudrocks. In a recent project, we showed using a combination of experimental methods and molecular simulation studies that [...]
Climate Extremes at the City–River Interface: Insights from the Philadelphia-Schuylkill System
Published: 2025-02-07
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Climate, Environmental Monitoring, Hydrology
Hurricane Ida struck the U.S. East Coast in August 2021, pushing the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia to a record discharge nearly 100 times larger than its average flow. As one of the most severe disasters of the 21st century, Ida exemplifies the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme hydrometeorological events under climate change. Predicting urban flood pathways remains challenging due [...]
Evaluating coastal multifunctionality: sand nourishment strategies at decadal timescales
Published: 2025-02-07
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment
Globally, there is a growing societal need for multifunctional coastal climate adaptation of sandy shores in the coming decades. Sand nourishment strategies are increasingly regarded as promising nature-based approaches to adaptation. They may increase flood safety and mitigate coastal erosion while enhancing recreational and ecological functioning. However, their multifunctional potential has [...]
Subtemperate sliding reduces period of ice stream variability in a simple model
Published: 2025-02-06
Subjects: Glaciology, Non-linear Dynamics
Understanding the formation and evolution of fast flowing ice streams is essential to projecting the centennial-scale response of ice sheets to climate forcings. Slow flowing glaciers or stagnant ice streams can slide at low velocities over a bed that is below the bulk melting point of ice, dissipating small amounts of frictional heat. This phenomenon is typically referred to as subtemperate [...]
From Magma Chambers to Magma Oceans: A Unified Model for the Thermo-chemical-mechanical Evolution of Magma Bodies
Published: 2025-02-06
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Magma bodies play a critical role in Earth's geological evolution, influencing volcanic activity, crustal differentiation, and planetary-scale processes. Understanding their thermo-chemical and mechanical evolution requires models that integrate fluid dynamics, phase changes, and chemical transport. This study presents a new numerical model that couples these processes using a multi-phase, [...]
A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Large Language Models in Hydrology and Environmental Sciences
Published: 2025-02-05
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering
The application of large language models (LLMs) in hydrology and environmental sciences is expanding rapidly, but a comprehensive understanding of their potential, best practices and application areas are studied extensively. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of recent scientific literature to evaluate publication trends, citation impact, and the key contributors in LLM-related research [...]
A review of open data for studying global groundwater in social-ecological systems
Published: 2025-02-05
Subjects: Hydrology, Remote Sensing, Water Resource Management
Global data have served an integral role in characterizing large-scale groundwater systems, identifying their sustainability challenges, and informing on socioeconomic and ecological dimensions of groundwater. These insights have revealed groundwater as a dynamic component of both the water cycle and social-ecological systems, leading to an expansion in groundwater science that increasingly [...]
Occurrence of tetraester and mixed ether/ester-bound iso-diabolic acid membrane-spanning lipids in mineral soils
Published: 2025-02-05
Subjects: Life Sciences
Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are a suite of membrane lipids that are widely used as empirical proxies for past temperature and pH. Although the stereochemistry of their glycerol moiety suggests that they are produced by bacteria, the exact producers and the biosynthetic pathway of brGDGTs remain unclear. Here we report the occurrence of tetraester and mixed ester/ether [...]
Most Landfill Methane Emissions Escape Detection in EPA21 Surface Emission Monitoring Surveys
Published: 2025-02-05
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
We measured emissions from ten landfills using mobile surveys and Surface Emission Monitoring (SEM) to determine what fraction of emissions that be identified by SEM surveys. Using mobile methane measurements and a back-trajectory attribution and rate estimation method, we measured overall site emissions and those of individual landfill components (active face, closed cells, leachate, etc). We [...]
A New Theory of Global Climate and Ecosystem Change Based on Planetary Orbital Variations
Published: 2025-02-05
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Traditional climate change research has primarily focused on internal factors of Earth, particularly the impact of human activities on greenhouse gas emissions. This paper proposes the "Mao's Theory of Global Climate and Ecosystem Change Based on Planetary Orbital Variations", which suggests that changes in Earth's climate and ecosystems are primarily driven by the orbital variations of external [...]
The b value as a strain meter: a comparison of the 1982-1984 and 2005-2024 volcanic unrest at Campi Flegrei - Italy
Published: 2025-02-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Campi Flegrei caldera has experienced several episodes of volcanic unrest during the last few centuries, most notably in 1982-1984 and 2005-present. These periods of unrest are characterized by ground uplift, seismic swarms, and increased degassing. In this study, we compare the seismicity and associated b value variations during the 1982-1984 and 2005-2024 unrest periods. The b value is [...]
A simple model for predicting agronomy floods in rice fields in Bicol, Philippines
Published: 2025-02-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate change is expected to intensify the impacts of flood events on agricultural production, particularly in flood-prone regions like the Philippines, where rice farming is heavily affected by frequent typhoons. Flood forecasting and early warning systems can aid in mitigating these risks; however, the insufficient coverage of hydrometric monitoring stations and limited computational resources [...]
Modeling stand-level forest attributes using lidar and Common Stand Exam data
Published: 2025-02-04
Subjects: Forest Management, Natural Resources and Conservation
This study focuses on the development of a lidar-based methodology that recreates stand-level inventory results from Common Stand Exams (CSE). CSE protocols are the U.S. Forest Service’s approach to measuring forest stocking and volume on public lands. Using an open-sourced dataset, stand-level statistics of lidar-derived height metrics, individual tree height, and tree density were generated for [...]