Preprints
There are 4718 Preprints listed.
From strain to displacement: using deformation to enhance distributed acoustic sensing applications
Published: 2023-04-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Over a period of less than a decade, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) has become a well-established technology in seismology. For historical and practical reasons, DAS manufacturers usually provide instruments that natively record strain (rate) as the principal measurement. While at first glance strain recordings seem related to ground motion waveforms (displacement, velocity, acceleration), [...]
Global multi-hazard risk assessment in a changing climate
Published: 2023-04-20
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Risk Analysis
Natural hazards pose significant risks to people and assets in many regions of the world. Quantifying associated risks is crucial for many applications such as adaptation option appraisal and insurance pricing. However, traditional risk assessment approaches have focused on the impacts of single hazards, ignoring the effects of multi-hazard risks and potentially leading to underestimations or [...]
On Constructing Limits-of-Acceptability in Watershed Hydrology using Decision Trees
Published: 2023-04-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A hydrological model incurs three types of uncertainties: measurement, structural and parametric uncertainty. For instance, in rainfall-runoff models, measurement uncertainty exists due to errors in measurements of rainfall and streamflow data. Structural uncertainty exists due to errors in mathematical representation of hydrological processes. Parametric uncertainty is a consequence of our [...]
High-resolution geodetic strain rate field reveals dynamics of the India-Eurasia collision
Published: 2023-04-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Determining the distribution of seismic hazard in the continents requires an understanding of how much deformation is accommodated by major faults. Quantifying the role of major faults in continental deformation has been hampered by a lack of high-resolution observations in the deforming interiors of continents. By combining surface movement data derived from 22,000 satellite radar images with [...]
Analysis of factors influencing the efficiency of agricultural cold chain logistics enterprises based on intuitionistic Fuzzy-DEMATEL Method
Published: 2023-04-20
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
In recent years, the No. 1 document of the Chinese Party Central Committee has repeatedly mentioned the need to strengthen the agricultural logistics industry and the rapid and healthy development of the cold chain logistics industry, and it is urgent to establish and cultivate some agricultural cold chain logistics enterprises with market competitiveness. In this paper, by considering the green [...]
Aboveground biomass estimates from UAV LiDAR improved via contextual learning in a Norway spruce forest
Published: 2023-04-19
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Forest structure analysis and biomass prediction systems are key tools for advancingforest trait-based ecology and management. Surveys using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems have contributedto this field with increased accuracy in tree phenotyping. Moreover, methods combiningUAV LiDAR surveying and machine learning (ML) have also emerged to [...]
Electric Vehicles as Electric Energy Storage for a Zero Emission Grid
Published: 2023-04-19
Subjects: Other Engineering
Electric Vehicles, especially electric vehicles with bidirectional Vehicle-toGrid (V2G) connectivity can serve as electric energy storage assets. Following the dramtatic increase in electric vehicle registrations in 2022 there can be little doubt that electric vehicles will become a major portion of the entire light duty transportation fleet. This paper endeavors to project the growing electric [...]
A key role for diffusion creep in eclogites: Omphacite deformation in the Zermatt-Saas Unit, Italian Alps
Published: 2023-04-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Mineral Physics, Tectonics and Structure
Eclogites are important components of subduction-collision zones, with the mineral omphacite acting as the supporting framework mineral that accommodates the majority of any accumulated strain. As such it is important to determine which deformation mechanisms operate in omphacite during and after its formation to understand the rheology of deforming subducted crust. Such information is key to [...]
Ammonia emissions from a dairy housing and a wastewater treatment plant quantified with an inverse dispersion method accounting for deposition loss
Published: 2023-04-17
Subjects: Agriculture, Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Engineering
Ammonia (NH3) emissions negatively impact air, soil, and water quality, hence human health and biodiversity. Significant emissions, including the largest sources, originate from single or multiple structures, such as livestock facilities and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The inverse dispersion method (IDM) is effective in measuring total emissions from such [...]
Estimating cooling capacities from aerial images using convolutional neural networks
Published: 2023-04-17
Subjects: Remote Sensing
In recent decades, the global cooling demand has significantly increased and is expected to grow even further in the future. However, knowledge regarding the spatial distribution of cooling demand is sparse. Most existing studies are based on statistical modelling, which lack in small-scale details and cannot accurately identify individual large cooling producers. In this study, we implement and [...]
Proposal of a new climate classification based on Köppen and Trewartha
Published: 2023-04-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A new and detailed climate classification based on Köppen-Geiger and Trewartha schemes is proposed, which uses four components (thermal zone, continentality, humidity, and seasonal distribution of precipitation) to determine a location’s climate type. It specifies thermal zones into nine types by subdividing tropical, subtropical, temperate, and polar zones, which are based on original Trewartha [...]
Radiocarbon analysis of soil microbial biomass via direct chloroform extraction
Published: 2023-04-15
Subjects: Biogeochemistry
Microbial processing of soil organic matter is a significant driver of C cycling, yet we lack an understanding of what shapes the turnover of this large terrestrial pool. In part, this is due to limited options for accurately identifying the source of C assimilated by microbial communities. Laboratory incubations are the most common method for this; however, they can introduce artifacts due to [...]
Soil carbon stocks not linked to aboveground litter input and chemistry of old-growth forest and adjacent prairie
Published: 2023-04-14
Subjects: Life Sciences
The long-standing assumption that aboveground plant litter inputs have a substantial influence on soil organic carbon storage (SOC) and dynamics has been challenged by a new paradigm for SOC formation and persistence. We tested the importance of plant litter chemistry on SOC storage, distribution, composition, and age by comparing two highly contrasting ecosystems: an old-growth coast redwood [...]
The Invisibility of Health Effects Associated with Water Pollution within Disease Burden Estimates: Analysis from a Colombian Andean Watershed
Published: 2023-04-14
Subjects: Public Health
Modernization goes along with a significant increase in pollution-related health risks linked to the ever growing economic and technological development. In addition to water-related communicable diseases, there are emerging concerns regarding the burden of disease attributable to the complexity of chemical pollution loads released into the environment. Studies demonstrating an association [...]
A cost model for ocean iron fertilization as a means of carbon dioxide removal that compares ship- and aerial-based delivery, and estimates verification costs.
Published: 2023-04-14
Subjects: Oceanography
This paper presents a cost model for implementing a deployment scale effort for conducting ocean iron fertilization (OIF) for marine-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR). The model incorporates basic oceanographic parameters critical for estimating the effective export of newly fixed CO2 into biomass that is stimulated by Fe addition to an Fe-limited region of the Southern Ocean. Estimated costs [...]