Preprints
There are 5516 Preprints listed.
Lunar Crater Detection Using YOLOv8 Deep Learning
Published: 2024-03-09
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In lunar exploration missions, the detection of lunar craters is essential for scientific inquiry, navigation, and terrain analysis. Conventional approaches for identifying craters depend on labor- and time-intensive manual inspection or semi-automated procedures. An effective and precise way to automate this procedure is through the use of deep learning algorithms. In this brief message, we [...]
Linking local climate scenarios to global warming levels: Applicability, prospects and uncertainties
Published: 2024-03-09
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Global warming levels (GWLs) are increasingly becoming a central concept in climate change studies. In recent years, their integrative quality for climate change impact analysis has been demonstrated, and methodological advancements have helped to compensate for some inherent shortfalls of the concept. However, their applicability at the regional level is debatable, and no study to date has [...]
Evaluation of the Sentinel-1 SAR image processing algorithms performance
Published: 2024-03-08
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The following paper discussed the performance of previously developed SAR algorithms applied to Sentinel-1 imagery. The outputs of algorithms were correlated to top-performing Sentinel-2 reNDVI algorithms. The study found that Levelled and Normalized Sigma nought outperformed the Gamma Nought, and, especially, Sigma Nought, and RVI algorithms.
The long journey of a benzodiazepine
Published: 2024-03-08
Subjects: Other Life Sciences
Medications make up 12-25% of health care’s greenhouse gas emissions production. By utilizing a life cycle analysis approach, this article lays out each step of production and disposal and estimates the global journey of a generic clonazepam pill. Generic clonazepam was selected because it is a commonly prescribed medication and is often linked to deprescribing initiatives due to its [...]
Assessing the Earthquake Recording Capability of an Ocean-bottom Distributed Acoustic Sensing Array in the Sanriku region, Japan
Published: 2024-03-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sparse seismic instrumentation in the oceans limits our understanding of the Earth’s dynamics. The emerging technology of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), which can turn existing fiber-optic cable arrays into thousands of seismic sensors, has the potential to fill the data gap. Yet, the power of OBDAS for routine seismic monitoring has to be further explored. In this study, we investigate the [...]
Evaluating Local Climate Policy: Municipal Action Plans through the Lens of Resilience and Environmental Justice
Published: 2024-03-07
Subjects: Environmental Studies
In the US, local governments are increasingly crucial in driving climate action. Drawing upon Tang et al. (2010) and Baker et al. (2012), this study assesses nine local climate action plans in the state of Michigan. It introduces a comprehensive framework, integrating climate resilience and environmental justice (EJ) indicators to evaluate plan content. Despite recognizing global climate [...]
Fiber-based super-bridging agents improve flotation and settling during water treatment
Published: 2024-03-07
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Increasing demand for water poses a major challenge to the water treatment industry. To maintain their floc removal efficiency, water treatment plants are expected to require larger separation units and use more chemicals, namely, coagulants and flocculants. Conventional physicochemical treatments produce flocs that are limited in size, which limits floc removal efficiency via gravitation-based [...]
Moving graphs: Predicting barchan dune migration rates from their shapes
Published: 2024-03-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this study, geometric perspectives on sand dune formation and motion are summarized, introduced, and combined to predict time-averaged velocities (migration rates) of barchan dunes directly from their shapes. First, it is proposed that smaller sediment accumulations outpace larger ones due to differences in surface-to-volume ratio. This ratio is defined by a bedform’s wavelength and its [...]
Plant controls over tropical wetland nitrous oxide dynamics: a review
Published: 2024-03-07
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tropical wetlands are an important global source of greenhouse gas emissions, including nitrous oxide, a potent and long-last greenhouse gas. Tropical wetland ecosystems can be highly heterogeneous, featuring a variety of vegetation types, from grasses through to palms and mangroves. A variety of plant-mediated processes can exert key controls over wetland plant/soil nitrogen transportation and [...]
Sediment Corrections for Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Published: 2024-03-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
On continental margins, sediments cause significant and spatially variable delays in seismic phase arrival times. The strong impedance contrast of the sediment-bedrock interface causes P-wave splitting that is clearly seen on Distributed Acoustic Sensing recordings of earthquakes, resulting in additional phase arrivals that must be picked separately. We introduce sediment corrections to correctly [...]
Gibraltar subduction zone is invading the Atlantic
Published: 2024-03-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Subduction initiation is a cornerstone of the Wilson cycle. It marks the turning point in an ocean’s lifetime, allowing its lithosphere to be recycled into the mantle. However, formation of subduction zones in Atlantic-type oceans is challenging, given it commonly involves the action of an external force, such as the slab pull from a nearby subduction zone, a far-field compression or the impact [...]
The role of salt diapirism in controlling the sedimentology and distribution of deep-water deposits, Pierce Field, East Central Graben, North Sea
Published: 2024-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Sedimentology, Tectonics and Structure
Passively rising diapirs control flank deformation (i.e., within 1 km of the salt-sediment interface) and resultant stratigraphic architecture of syn-kinematic units. Growth strata associated with deformation at the flanks of passive diapirs are known as halokinetic sequences. Very few studies have conducted an integrated analysis of composite halokinetic sequences, CHS (stacked halokinetic [...]
Three-dimensional mineral dendrites reveal a non-classical crystallization pathway
Published: 2024-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Geochemistry, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Manganese (Mn) dendrites are a common type of mineral dendrite that typically forms two-dimensional structures on rock surfaces. Three-dimensional (3D) Mn dendrites in rocks have rarely been reported, hence their growth implications have largely escaped attention. Here, we combine high-resolution X-ray and electron-based data with numerical modelling to give the first detailed description of [...]
Storage Efficiency and Reduced Complexity Modelling
Published: 2024-03-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is vital to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. Most CCS projects rely on the permanent geological storage of CO2 within deep sedimentary rock formations, but accurately constraining the capacity of these reservoirs usually involves detailed and computationally demanding reservoir modelling and simulation of the pressure evolution and [...]
MYTH-BUSTING: WAS PULAU TIGA REALLY FIRST CREATED BY A MUD VOLCANO ERUPTION IN 1897?
Published: 2024-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
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