Preprints
There are 5750 Preprints listed.
A space-time simulator for hourly wind and solar energy fields
Published: 2024-06-26
Subjects: Engineering
Spatially distributed renewable energy generation poses unique risks to power systems since the aggregate amount of energy produced in any hour depends on the spatial correlation structure of the sources. Moreover, the spatial correlation structure can vary with the time of day and season and depend on the state of the large-scale climate. These features pose a challenge for resource adequacy [...]
Radiometric dating (40Ar/39Ar and 14C), compositions, and erupted volumes of volcanoes of the Valle de Santiago area (Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, México)
Published: 2024-06-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Valle de Santiago (VS) area is located in the NE sector of the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, within the central part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). Based on geological mapping of a ~2,800 km2 quadrangle, 40Ar/39Ar and radiocarbon dating, morphometry, and whole-rock chemical and petrographic analyses of the volcanic products, we established the stratigraphy and eruptive [...]
Fracture criteria and tensile strength for natural glacier ice calibrated from remote sensing observations of Antarctic ice shelves
Published: 2024-06-24
Subjects: Glaciology
The conditions under which ice fractures and calves icebergs from Antarctic ice shelves are poorly understood due largely to a lack of relevant observations. Though previous studies have estimated the stresses at which ice fractures in the laboratory and through sparse observations, there remains significant uncertainty in the applicability of these results to naturally deforming glacier ice on [...]
Shallow storage conditions at Krafla IDDP-1 revealed by rhyolite-MELTS geobarometry, and implications for global shallow magmatism
Published: 2024-06-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Volcanology
Identifying the storage depths of melt-dominated magma bodies prior to eruption is critical for understanding magma transport, eruption hazards, and magma body longevity. Rhyolite-MELTS has been used effectively to calculate pre-eruptive storage pressures for silicic magma bodies in the upper crust (~100-350 MPa), but its precision and accuracy in very low-pressure systems (<100 MPa) has not [...]
One Belt, Many Roads: Investigating China’s Foreign Investment and Land-use Impacts in Southeast Asia
Published: 2024-06-22
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Natural Resource Economics
Foreign direct investment (FDI) can reshape landscapes in developing countries, but its impact remains unclear. This study examines how China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) FDI impacts land-cover and land-use change in Southeast Asia, a key trade partner receiving significant Chinese infrastructure investments. Focusing on areas with BRI investments from 2008 to 2018, we utilize satellite data [...]
Focus of the IPCC Assessment Reports Has Shifted to Lower Temperatures
Published: 2024-06-22
Subjects: Life Sciences
We focus on how different global temperature increases represented in IPCC reports have shifted over time. While the first four assessment reports had a roughly equal focus on temperatures above and below 2°C, the more recent fifth and sixth assessment reports have a considerably stronger focus on warming below 2°C. This is concerning as warming above 2°C is more likely given current emissions [...]
How Will Precipitation Characteristics Associated with Tropical Cyclones in Diverse Synoptic Environments in the Southeast United States Respond to Climate Change?
Published: 2024-06-22
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tropical cyclones (TCs) can produce large rainfall totals which lead to devastating flooding, loss of life, and significant damage to infrastructure. Many studies have examined future changes in TC precipitation; however, few have considered changes owing to differences in the synoptic environment during landfall. Here, we focus on three North Atlantic TCs that impacted the southeastern United [...]
Effect of climate variability, crop production, and household food insecurity on malnutrition among women: A mediation analysis from a drought-prone area in Southern Ethiopia
Published: 2024-06-22
Subjects: Medical Sciences
Malnutrition is viewed as one of climate change's five most considerable adverse health impacts. As many previous studies have shown correlations between climate, food production, and social factors on the nutritional status of women, we hypothesized a causal effect of climate variations on crop production, household food security, and our outcome, the nutritional status of adult women. Using a [...]
WITHDRAWN: It’s Not Climate Change: It’s Overpopulation
Published: 2024-06-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Looming Crisis: Global Groundwater Depletion and its Unseen Impacts, Climate Change
Published: 2024-06-21
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Environmental Education, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences
Groundwater depletion is a growing threat to global sustainability, impacting ecosystems, agriculture, and human populations. This viewpoint explores the causes and consequences of unsustainable groundwater extraction, highlighting its far-reaching effects on local and global climates. The paper examines specific examples from various regions worldwide, showcasing the widespread nature of this [...]
Detecting methane emissions from palm oil mills with airborne and spaceborne imaging spectrometers
Published: 2024-06-21
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Monitoring, Water Resource Management
Methane (CH4) emissions from human activities are a major cause of global warming, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. In particular, the palm oil industry generates palm oil mill effluent (POME), which continuously emits methane into the atmosphere. Satellites are becoming a powerful tool to detect and quantify methane emissions, but there is no evidence of their ability to monitor [...]
Embracing uncertainty: Foundations of a learning system for food systems transformation
Published: 2024-06-21
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Despite a broad consensus on the necessity of fundamental change, endeavors to transform food systems appear to have reached an impasse. Greater engagement with the uncertainty of food systems could open up new ways of triggering transformation directed towards achieving more sustainable and inclusive outcomes. As a way of reorienting current food system change efforts to better embrace [...]
Enhanced Petrogenic Organic Carbon Oxidation during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Published: 2024-06-21
Subjects: Life Sciences
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ~56 Ma) is a hyperthermal event associated with the rapid input of carbon into the ocean-atmosphere system. The oxidation of petrogenic organic carbon (OCpetro) may have released additional carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby prolonging the PETM. However, proxy-based estimates of OCpetro oxidation are unavailable due to the lack of suitable techniques. Raman [...]
The sensitivity of lowermost mantle anisotropy to past mantle convection
Published: 2024-06-20
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Mineral Physics
It is widely believed that seismic anisotropy in the lowermost mantle is caused by the flow-induced alignment of anisotropic crystals such as post-perovskite. What is unclear, however, is whether the anisotropy observations in the lowermost mantle hold information about past mantle flow, or if they only inform us about the present-day flow field. To investigate this, we compare the general and [...]
Loss of Schooling from Tropical Cyclones: Evidence from 13 Low- and Middle-income Countries
Published: 2024-06-19
Subjects: Environmental Public Health, Environmental Studies
Increasing educational attainment is one of the most important and effective tools for health and economic improvements. The extent to which extreme climate events disrupt education, resulting in fewer years of schooling and reduced educational attainment, remains under-studied. Children in low- and middle-income countries may be uniquely vulnerable to loss of schooling after such disasters due [...]