Preprints
There are 5427 Preprints listed.
Model Ensemble with Dropout for Uncertainty Estimation in Binary Sea Ice or Water Segmentation using Sentinel-1 SAR
Published: 2024-01-20
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Environmental Monitoring, Signal Processing
Despite the growing use of deep learning in sea ice mapping with SAR imagery, the study of model uncertainty and segmentation results remains limited. Deep learning models often produce overconfident predictions, a concern in sea ice mapping where misclassification can impact marine navigation safety. We incorporate and compare dropout and model ensemble within a convolutional neural network [...]
Assessing the Effects of Fjord Geometry on Greenland Tidewater Glacier Stability
Published: 2024-01-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Tidewater glaciers advance and retreat in unpredictable ways, complicating the task of forecasting the evolution of individual glaciers and the overall Greenland Ice Sheet, much of which is drained by tidewater glaciers. Past observational research has identified a set of processes collectively known as the Tidewater Glacier Cycle (TGC) to describe tidewater glacier evolution in four stages: the [...]
Experimental Modelling of Water-Wave Interactions with a Flexible Beam
Published: 2024-01-19
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A series of fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) experiments is presented for studying water-wave interactions with a flexible beam in a wide range of sea conditions, thereby yielding a repository of FSI test-case data. The aim is to use these experimental data in order to validate FSI solvers commonly employed by the maritime industry in the design of fixed-foundation, offshore wind turbines. The [...]
Occurrences, distribution and sources of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the mangrove dominated estuaries in the central part of the Indian Sundarbans, a world heritage site.
Published: 2024-01-19
Subjects: Education
This study aimed to provide the baseline report on the occurrence of five emerging contaminants namely Phenols, Triclosan, NSAIDs, Phthalate and Parabens under pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the surface water of Indian Sundarbans estuarine system. The emerging contaminants of PPCPs were investigated from the two estuaries in the central of Indian Sundarbans namely Thakuran [...]
Development of metrics and indices for assessing national progress on climate risk, adaptation and dissonance based on observations, perceptions, and projections.
Published: 2024-01-19
Subjects: Planetary Sciences
The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) included the first Global Stocktake (GST) as part of the implementation of the Paris Agreement. GST is a five-yearly assessment of the state and advancements in global climate action and aims to help national governments keep track of their climate ambitions and implementation progress. This paper contributes to the discussion through the analysis of [...]
Assessing the Influence of Temperature on Slope Stability in a Temperate Climate: A Nationwide Spatial Probability Analysis in Italy
Published: 2024-01-18
Subjects: Geomorphology, Geotechnical Engineering, Multivariate Analysis
Among the factors controlling the stability of slopes, the role of temperature remains poorly understood, especially in temperate climates. Experiments reveal the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) nature of clay behaviours; however, field evidence of thermally-induced landslides is scarce. The complexity of THM processes hinders the construction of a temperature-related variable, usable in [...]
Apportioning sources of chemicals of emerging concern along an urban river with inverse modelling
Published: 2024-01-18
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences
Concentrations of chemicals in river water provide crucial information for assessing environmental exposure to fertilisers and insecticides, heavy metals, illicit drugs, pathogens, pharmaceuticals, plastics and perfluorinated substances among others. However, using concentrations measured along waterways to identify sources of contaminants and predict their fate is complicated by downstream [...]
Comparing Continuous Methane Monitoring Technologies for High-Volume Emissions: A Single-Blind Controlled Release Study
Published: 2024-01-18
Subjects: Engineering
Methane emissions from oil and gas operations are a primary concern for climate change mitigation. While traditional methane detection relies on periodic surveys that yield episodic data, continuous monitoring solutions promise to offer consistent insights and a richer understanding of emission inventories. Despite this promise, the detection and quantification ability of continuous monitoring [...]
DASCore: a Python Library for Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing
Published: 2024-01-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
In the past decade, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has enabled many new monitoring applications in diverse fields including hydrocarbon exploration and extraction; induced, local, regional, and global seismology; infrastructure and urban monitoring; and several others. However, to date, the open-source software ecosystem for handling DAS data is relatively immature. Here we introduce DASCore, [...]
Transient aseismic vertical deformation across the Pisia-Skinos normal fault (Gulf of Corinth, Greece)
Published: 2024-01-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Geodetically-derived deformation rates are sometimes used to infer seismic hazard, implicitly assuming that short-term (annual-decadal) deformation is representative of longer-term deformation. This is despite geological observations indicating that deformation/slip rates are variable over a range of timescales. Using geodetic data from 2016-2021, we observe an up to 7-fold increase in vertical [...]
Seismic stratigraphy of the Guinea Plateau before, during and after the opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Gateway
Published: 2024-01-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Guinea Plateau contains a ~200-million-year stratigraphic record, encompassing the mid-Cretaceous opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Gateway (EAG). Here we present new 2D seismic data to constrain the structural and stratigraphic evolution of the plateau. Seismic stratigraphic analysis reveals five megasequences of ~25-65 My duration: M1, a Jurassic syn-rift sequence with prominent [...]
Stones that tell stories
Published: 2024-01-18
Subjects: Education, Engineering
When a historical building, monument, or cultural heritage artifact is affected by a natural or anthropic event, the first reaction is to recover and restore them to maintain our heritage for the next generations. If they are made of stone, some are completely destroyed, but it is often still possible to recognize the facts that made them a cultural item. In many cases, the marks of violent [...]
A new structure determination of the magnesium phosphate mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4· 6H2O) at 100 K
Published: 2024-01-17
Subjects: Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The magnesium phosphate mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is of interest for the recovery of phosphorus from wastewaters and for use as a fertilizer in agriculture, yet its structure is still debated. The structure of synthetic single crystals of struvite was characterized through refinement of a single-crystal X-ray diffraction pattern acquired at 100 K with the positions of all hydrogen atoms [...]
Assessment of Hydrochemistry and Groundwater Quality in Ijokodo and It’s Environment, Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: 2024-01-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The study area occurs within the Precambrian basement complex composed of quartzite, quartz-schist, biotite-andbiotite-hornblende-gneiss (migmatite) as the main rock units. Physiochemical assessment of shallow groundwater in Ijokodo area was carried out to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Thirteen (13) groundwater samples were collected and subjected field [...]
The Effects of Characteristic Slip Distance on Earthquake Nucleation Styles in Fully Dynamic Seismic Cycle Simulations
Published: 2024-01-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
Earthquake nucleation is a crucial preparation process of the following coseismic rupture propagation. Under the framework of rate-and-state friction (RSF), it was found that the ratios of a to b parameters control whether earthquakes nucleate as an expanding crack or a fixed length. However, the characteristic slip distance DRS controls the weakening efficiency of fault strength and can [...]