Preprints
There are 6463 Preprints listed.
Geological review of English coastal archaeological evidence portending multi-metre sea-level rise by 2100
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
English archaeological literature, its sea-level significance hitherto underappreciated, is reviewed here from a geological (sedimentological) perspective. Five Roman-built (~300AD) waterside forts and a seaside palace (~100AD), all meticulously excavated by archaeologists, tightly dated (tree-rings, coins, pottery), and published in great detail, yield evidence proving a ~4-metre (m) sea-level [...]
Paddy Segmentation Using Google Earth Engine: A Remote Sensing Approach Abstract
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences
Paddy field segmentation using remote sensing is crucial for agricultural monitoring, yield prediction, and resource allocation. In this research, we employ Google Earth Engine (GEE) for paddy segmentation using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Our method leverages Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) to mask paddy fields efficiently. We collected 2000 [...]
Timing of a future glaciation in view of anthropogenic climate change
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences
Human activities are expected to delay the next glacial inception because of the long atmospheric lifetime of anthropogenic CO2. We present the first Earth system model simulations for the next 200,000 years with dynamic ice sheets and interactive atmospheric CO2, exploring how emissions will impact a future glacial inception. Historical emissions (500 PgC) are unlikely to delay inception, [...]
Impact of Urbanisation On Surface Temperature of Bangalore City
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Engineering
The city of Bangalore in India is well known for its IT industries and has certain geographical advantages that help maintain a pleasant climate throughout the year. At the same time, it is a rapidly growing city, with a decadal population growth rate of 47\% between 2001 and 2011. Bangalore is also recognised for its greenery, lakes, and focus on sustainable development. In this study, we [...]
locationallocation: solving Maximal Coverage Location-Allocation geospatial infrastructure assessment and planning problems
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Geographic Information Sciences, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering, Spatial Science
Assessing and planning infrastructure and networks over space conditional to a spatially distributed demand and with consideration of accessibility and spatial justice goals and under infrastructure allocation constraints is a key policy objective. Potential applications extend to the domains of public infrastructure assessment and planning (public services provision, e.g. transport, social [...]
Some mechanical and thermal manifestations of the 1908 Tunguska event near its epicenter
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. It is devoted to some manifestations near the epicenter of the event. Many of the manifestations were established back in the 1960s. Recently a couple of works have appeared that reveal previously undetected phenomena, namely, traces of exposure to high temperatures and high pressure. A [...]
The New Method of Estimation Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change
Published: 2025-03-19
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Global climate change is one of the major concerns of modern society. To estimate this change, the global mean temperature is often used. Measuring and calculating the Earth’s average temperature is a complex, multi-step process that combines data from various sources and employs statistical techniques. Today, datasets containing spatial-temporal data on Earth’s temperature are readily [...]
Multi-decadal analysis of major global risk assessments reveals consistent biases and low predictive capacity
Published: 2025-03-19
Subjects: Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
The World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Risk Reports (GRRs) are published annually with the aim to uncover the most pressing challenges facing the world. However, the GRR have been criticized for presenting an overly simplistic and potentially biased portrayal of interconnected global risks and crises. Despite their influence, no in-depth, interannual analysis of the GRRs has been conducted to [...]
Warm deep ocean temperatures from clumped isotopes suggest high climate sensitivity in early Cenozoic hothouse
Published: 2025-03-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry
The early Cenozoic was characterized by the warmest climates and highest atmospheric CO2 levels of the past 85 Myrs. Reconstructions of deep ocean temperatures based on benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope records are typically used to infer Earth’s global climate state during this hothouse world. However, this approach requires uncertain assumptions, regarding the seawater isotope composition [...]
Resolved tropical cyclones trigger CO2 uptake and phytoplankton bloom in an Earth system model simulation
Published: 2025-03-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The ocean carbon cycle is directly impacted by storms in the atmosphere. Tropical cyclones (TCs), particularly, are known to drive intense air-sea CO2 fluxes and to trigger phytoplankton blooms. However, the latest generation of Earth system models (ESM) cannot realistically represent TCs due to their coarse spatial resolution (typically 100-200 km grid spacing). Here, we present the first [...]
Physically consistent sectoral pathways for phasing out fossil fuels
Published: 2025-03-18
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The transition away from fossil fuels relies on electricity-producing renewable energy sources. To understand how much electricity is needed to substitute fossil fuels, sectors of the economy being electrified must be analysed discretely, as their suitability for electrification varies significantly. Constructing, operating, and maintaining these renewable power plants requires substantial [...]
Large reductions in United States heat extremes found in overshoot simulations with SPEAR
Published: 2025-03-18
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Increases in the intensity and frequency of heatwaves are already evident in the observational record, and these increases are expected to be further amplified in future climate projections with greater radiative forcing. However, it is unclear how temperature extremes will respond regionally to emissions reductions and declines of greenhouse gases later in the 21st century, such as through the [...]
Fine-scale Segmentation and Spatiotemporal Variability of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule Aftershock Sequence Revealed by a Deep-Learning-Based Earthquake Catalog
Published: 2025-03-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We re-examine the aftershock sequence of the Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake in south-central Chile to understand how seismicity, magnitude-frequency distribution, and fault structure vary along the rupture zone. Using the International Maule Aftershock Deployment (IMAD) dataset, we analyze ten months of continuous data from 156 temporary stations and build a high-resolution aftershock catalog for the [...]
City-Scale Digital Twin Framework for Flood Impact Analysis: Integrating Urban Infrastructure and Real-time Data Analytics
Published: 2025-03-17
Subjects: Computer Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Risk Analysis, Transportation Engineering
Urban areas are increasingly vulnerable to flooding due to climate change and rapid urbanization. Traditional mapping and decision-support tools lack the capability to integrate real-time data or analyze cascading disruptions across interconnected urban systems. Digital twins offer a promising solution by enabling real-time monitoring, simulation, and optimization of urban environments. This [...]
Interactive annular mode links jet stream-ocean coupling to decadal Northern Hemispheric warmth
Published: 2025-03-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The atmospheric jet stream governs the distribution and intensity of midlatitude weather systems and climate variability. In the Northern Hemisphere, meridional migrations of the jet stream are directly linked to the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events. While previous studies have established that jet stream fluctuations are modulated by spatio-temporal variations in diabatic [...]