Preprints
There are 6256 Preprints listed.
SC-PREC4SA: A serially complete daily precipitation dataset for South America
Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study introduces the serially complete precipitation dataset for South America (SC-PREC4SA), a daily precipitation dataset (1960-2015) designed to address observational gaps and ensure temporal consistency across diverse climates. The raw dataset underwent quality control, gap-filling, and homogenization procedures. Applied robust quality control highlighted common but also overlooked [...]
Catastrophe risk models as quantitative tools for climate change loss and damage: A demonstration for flood in Malawi, Vietnam, and the Philippines
Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Climate change loss and damage is a critical part of the international climate policy framework,addressing the residual climate impacts that cannot be avoided through mitigation or adaptation,which disproportionately affect vulnerable communities with limited capacity to recover. Major gaps remain in quantifying loss and damage, including developing equitable, operational mechanisms for financing [...]
Projecting Global Changes in Land Use and Ecosystem Services Using SEALS (Spatial Economic Allocation Landscape Simulator)
Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Spatial Science, Statistical Models
Understanding how economic systems and ecosystems interact across space is crucial to ensure societal needs are met without compromising environmental quality. Spatially explicit economic models usually describe human activities and ensuing land-use dynamics at a resolution that this is too coarse (typically 10-1000 regions) to understand how these affect many biophysical processes, including [...]
Delineating HCV forest areas using density analysis: it's not clear-cut
Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Natural Resources and Conservation
High conservation value (HCV) areas include natural habitats with high ecological, biological, social or cultural values. The use of spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to identify HCV areas is more cost-efficient and less time consuming that field surveys. GIS-based approaches can also be necessary for identifying HCV areas in heterogeneous landscapes where, e.g., HCV [...]
Evaluating Temporal and Spatial Variations in Vegetation Coverage in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2004-2023) Using kNDVI
Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Higher Education
The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) is a crucial ecological zone in China, facing significant environmental challenges, particularly climate change. To better understand vegetation dynamics in this region, this study examines vegetation cover trends from 2004 to 2023 and identifies their driving factors using an innovative kernel-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (kNDVI) [...]
Internal Oscillations of Tropical Mesoscale Convective Disturbances
Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In real-world observations, long-lived tropical mesoscale convective disturbances (MCDs) often exhibit quasi-periodic variations. Previous studies suggested that these variations are mainly induced by external forcings. However, some studies showed evidence that tropical MCDs can display quasi-periodic behavior even without external forcings. In this study, a suite of idealized [...]
Evaluation of Vegetation Bias in InSAR Time Series for Agricultural Areas within the San Joaquin Valley, CA
Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Agricultural regions present a particularly difficult set of challenges during interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) displacement time series analyses due to the existence of abrupt transitions in land use over short spatial scales and rapid temporal changes associated with different stages of the agricultural cycle. Plant growth and soil moisture changes can introduce phase biases [...]
An Irish female pioneer in geology: Mary Katherine Andrews (1852 - 1914)
Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mary Katherine Andrews (1852–1914) was a woman of her time, a Victorian then Edwardian lady interested in science. Raised in an academic household in Belfast, she did not have the opportunity to attend university, because women were not accepted when she was young. This did not discourage her in developing her scientific interests, and she became an accomplished amateur geologist. The quality of [...]
On the assessment of sinking particle fluxes from in situ particle size distributions
Published: 2024-12-17
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences
The biological carbon pump is a vital component of the global carbon cycle, particularly through sinking of particulate organic carbon (POC) to the ocean interior. Particle size distribution (PSD) observations from the Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP) have been widely used to quantify sinking POC fluxes. This approach assumes that the sinking POC flux is a function of the PSD multiplied by a [...]
Impact of data density and endmember definitions on long-term trends in ground cover fractions across European grasslands
Published: 2024-12-17
Subjects: Life Sciences
Long-term monitoring of grasslands is pivotal for ensuring continuity of many environmental services and for supporting food security and environmental modelling. Remote sensing provides an irreplaceable source of information for studying changes in grasslands. Specifically, Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) allows for quantification of physically meaningful ground cover fractions of grassland [...]
Faults modulate magma propagation and triggered seismicity: the 2022 São Jorge (Azores) volcanic unrest
Published: 2024-12-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Understanding the signatures and mechanisms of failed volcanic eruptions is vital for mapping magma plumbing systems and forecasting volcanic events. Geological structures, such as faults and fractures, play a crucial role in guiding magma, but their mechanisms remain unclear due to the lack of 3-D mapping of faults in volcanic regions and sufficiently precise earthquake locations. The [...]
3D dynamic rupture modeling of the 2021 Haiti earthquake used to constrain stress conditions and fault system complexity
Published: 2024-12-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The 2021 Mw7.2 Haiti earthquake was a devastating event which occurred within the Enriquillo Plantain Garden Fault Zone (EPGFZ). It is not well-understood why neither the 2021 nor the prior 2010 Mw7.0 earthquakes were pure strike slip events and, instead, ruptured with distinct patches of dip slip and strike slip motion on largely separate fault planes. The major characteristics of the earthquake [...]
Development of a dynamic true triaxial electromagnetic Hopkinson bar system
Published: 2024-12-17
Subjects: Engineering
Subsurface rock masses and rock engineering are typically subjected to multiaxial static stresses, often superimposed by multidirectional dynamic disturbances induced by seismic events, blast loading and mechanical vibrations, etc. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of rocks under such coupled multiaxial or three-dimensional static and dynamic [...]
An Analytical Model for CO2 Surface Forcing, with Application to the Direct Precipitation Response
Published: 2024-12-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
If temperature is held constant, increasing atmospheric CO2 reduces atmospheric radiative cooling and suppresses precipitation. Global Climate Models suggest this “direct” precipitation response ranges from -2% to -3% per CO2 doubling and hence contributes significantly to the net precipitation response of +3% to +9% per CO2 doubling. Our study aims to explain the magnitude and state-dependence [...]
Glacier preservation doubled by limiting warming to 1.5°C
Published: 2024-12-15
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Glaciers adapt slowly to changing climatic conditions, resulting in long-term changes in their mass with implications for sea level rise and water supply, even if the climate were to stabilize. Using eight glacier evolution models, we simulate global glacier evolution over multi-centennial timescales, allowing glaciers to equilibrate with climate under various constant global temperature [...]