Preprints
There are 4718 Preprints listed.
Exploring climate service for food and nutritional security and health outcomes of socially differentiated smallholder farmers in moisture stress Weredas of Sidama
Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Medical Sciences
Smallholder agriculture has historically dominated Ethiopia's agricultural production. To boost crop output and productivity, agrochemicals and agricultural equipment have proven indispensable. However, climatic information has received minimal consideration from agricultural interventions in food production and health development programmes. The heterogeneous qualities of smallholder farmers [...]
From source to sea: Floating macroplastic transport along the Rhine river
Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Other Environmental Sciences
Rivers are pathways and storage zones for plastic pollution. Land-based plastic waste enters river systems through anthropogenic and hydrometeorological processes, after which they are transported and retained. Only a fraction is assumed to make it into the ocean. Understanding and quantifying river plastic transport is important to optimize prevention and reduction strategies, and to evaluate [...]
Production and Preservation of Lipid Biosignatures in SO4-Rich Hypersaline Lakes of the Cariboo Plateau
Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Modern and ancient hypersaline lakes and oceans have been identified across the solar system, but the habitability and potential of these environments to preserve organic matter remain unknown. Here, we evaluate organic matter production and preservation potential in hypersaline lakes whose chemistries resemble deposits on Mars. We focus our analysis on lipid biomarkers including fatty acids, [...]
Seasonality in carbon flux attenuation explains spatial variability in transfer efficiency
Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Each year, the biological carbon pump is responsible for converting carbon dioxide into millions of tonnes of organic carbon, and for transferring a fraction of it to the deep ocean, where it can remain for hundreds of years. The efficiency of this surface-to-depth carbon transfer varies geographically, and is a key determinant of the atmosphere-ocean carbon dioxide balance. Traditionally, the [...]
Relative contributions of water level components to extreme water levels along the United States Southeast Atlantic Coast from a regional-scale water level hindcast
Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Oceanography
A 38-year hindcast water level product is developed for the United States Southeast Atlantic coastline from the entrance of Chesapeake Bay to the southeast tip of Florida. The water level modelling framework utilized in this study combines a global-scale hydrodynamic model (Global Tide and Surge Model, GTSM-ERA5), a novel ensemble-based tide model, a parameterized wave setup model, and [...]
Time Series Analysis of terrain and climatic parameters data retrieved from Terraclimate dataset: A case study in Ranchi and Khunti district, Jharkhand, India
Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Engineering, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering
Climatic and Terrain parameters which include the soil moisture, precipitation, evapotranspiration, maximum and minimum temperature are the most crucial factors which drives the future of earth. Soil Moisture regulates the movement of water and heat energy between the land surface and the atmosphere through evaporationn and plant transpiration. Precipitation controls the entire operation of the [...]
Worldwide consequences of a mid-Holocene cooling in the Nordic Seas
Published: 2023-03-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Earth's climate, marked by long-term shifts and punctuated events, shapes terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Despite the present interglacial period's warmth and stability compared to preceding glaciations, the Holocene has witnessed significant cooling events with worldwide consequences. Leveraging marine records from the Nordic Seas, we provide the first detailed account of a cooling event [...]
Structure and Morphology of an Active Conjugate Relay Zone, Messina Strait, Southern Italy
Published: 2023-03-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
Messina Strait is a narrow fault-bounded marine basin that separates the Calabrian peninsula from Sicily in southern Italy. It sits in a seismically active region where normal fault scarps and raised Quaternary marine terraces record ongoing extension driven by southeastward rollback of the Calabrian subduction zone. A review of published studies and new data shows that normal faults in the [...]
Asperity-like (segmented) structure of the 6 February 2023 Turkish earthquakes
Published: 2023-03-11
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Key to studies of the rupture process is the identification of its major segmentation into asperities. Common multi-parametric methods invert for a continuous slip distribution; they usually rely on a predefined fault position, nucleation point, planarity, smoothing, etc. Here we propose more flexible low-parametric inversions - multi-point seismic source models, and multi-patch GPS models. We [...]
Aquifer depletion exacerbates agricultural drought losses in the US High Plains
Published: 2023-03-11
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Aquifer depletion poses a major threat to the ability of farmers, food supply chains, and rural economies globally to use groundwater as a means of adapting to climate variability and change. Empirical research has demonstrated the large differences in drought risk exposure that exist between rainfed and irrigated croplands, but previous work commonly assumes water supply for the latter is [...]
Single Column REE Separation and Radiogenic 143Nd/144Nd Analysis without Sm Elimination
Published: 2023-03-11
Subjects: Analytical Chemistry, Geochemistry
A single column separation method has been developed for the determination of radiogenic 143Nd/144Nd ratios for natural geological samples. Conventional radiogenic Nd isotope ratio measurements require rigorous column chemistry involving multiple steps to extract a pure Nd fraction. Elements that cause isobaric interference during analysis are removed using a multi-column separation method, which [...]
Tropical or extratropical cyclones: what drives the compound flood hazard, impact, and risk for the United States Southeast Atlantic coast?
Published: 2023-03-11
Subjects: Engineering
Subtropical coastlines are impacted by both tropical and extratropical cyclones. While both may lead to substantial damage to coastal communities, it is difficult to determine the contribution of tropical cyclones in coastal flooding relative to that of extratropical cyclones. We conduct a large-scale flood hazard and impact assessment across the subtropical Southeast Atlantic Coast of the United [...]
A Novel Heuristic Method for Detecting Overfit in Unsupervised Classification of Climate Model Data
Published: 2023-03-11
Subjects: Analysis, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Unsupervised classification is becoming an increasingly common method to objectively identify coherent structures within both observed and modelled climate data. However, in most applications using this method, the user must choose the number of classes into which the data are to be sorted in advance. Typically, a combination of statistical methods and expertise is used to choose the appropriate [...]
Largest aftershock nucleation driven by afterslip during the 2014 Iquique sequence
Published: 2023-03-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Various earthquake models predict that aseismic slip modulates the seismic rupture process but actual observations of such seismic-aseismic interaction are scarce. We analyze seismic and aseismic processes during the 2014 Iquique earthquake sequence. High-rate Global Positioning System (GPS) displacements demonstrate that most of the early afterslip is located downdip of the M 8.1 mainshock and [...]