Preprints
There are 5441 Preprints listed.
Experimental and Numerical Description of Mineral Precipitation Dynamics on Heterogeneous Substrate Surfaces
Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Mineral precipitation reactions are critical in reactive transport studies of porous media due to their significant impacts on flow and transport properties. Understanding the nucleation process, a probabilistic phenomenon that determines the location and distribution of solid formation in space and time domains, is essential for accurately comprehending the effect of mineral precipitation on [...]
Comment on Hodgkins et al. (2018)
Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Biochemistry, Other Life Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Hodgkins et al. (2018) used mid infrared spectra (MIRS) to make inferences about the stability of peat against decomposition along a latitudinal gradient from the tropics to northern latitudes. Recently, we have shown that these spectral prediction models are biased and their predictions more uncertain than considered in Hodgkins et al. (2018) (Teickner and Knorr (2022)). Here, we show what [...]
Monitoring CO2 Concentrations in Soil Gas: A Novel MRV Approach for Cropland-Based ERW?
Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
This paper discusses the challenges we have faced in the past 2.5 years of field experiments trying to measure the speed of Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) in agricultural settings for removing CO₂ from the atmosphere. Traditional measurements that allow quantification of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in laboratory ERW tests include chemical analyses of the leached out soil water and monitoring [...]
Uncrewed aerial vehicle-based assessments of peatland permafrost vulnerability along the Labrador Sea coastline, northern Canada
Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Palsas and peat plateaus in subarctic peatlands are some of the southernmost lowland permafrost landforms in the Northern Hemisphere. Peatland permafrost along the Labrador Sea coastline in northeastern Canada has remained largely understudied and uncharacterised, despite the importance of these landforms for wildlife, carbon stores, and Indigenous land users. In this study, we derived [...]
Formation of giant Siberian gas emission craters (GECs)
Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
The recent discovery of eight giant gas escape craters (GECs) in the Russian Yamal and Gydan peninsulas has challenged researchers for the past decade. Despite numerous proposed models, ranging from meteor impacts to gas explosions, none provide a comprehensive explanation for why the GECs are found only in this specific region. This study proposes a new general model for the formation of GECs in [...]
Methods for assessing Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) biomass sinking rates and decomposition for carbon dioxide removal applications
Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Life Sciences
One promising carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy to achieve negative emissions of carbon dioxide is the sinking of farmed seaweed into the ocean where it may be sequestered. Methods to quantify the sinking rates, degradation rates and the release of degradation products from kelp is fundamental to understanding the durability of the strategy if applied to scale. The aim of this white paper is [...]
PHOTOMOB: AUTOMATED GIS METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF FRACTIONAL GRAIN DYNAMICS IN GRAVEL BED RIVERS. PART 1: GRAIN SIZE
Published: 2023-12-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Water Resource Management
Particle entrainment intensity is spatially and temporally variable, making it a complex phenomenon to measure. This paper is the first of a pair, in which we present an automated image processing procedure (PhotoMOB) for monitoring the mobility/stability of gravel river beds. The method is based on local comparison of the shape of the grains identified at the same coordinates between successive [...]
PhotoMOB: Automated GIS method for estimation of fractional grain dynamics in gravel bed rivers. Part 2: Bed stability and fractional mobility
Published: 2023-12-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Water Resource Management
Bed mobility and stability are spatially and temporally variable, making it a complex phenomenon to study. This paper is the second of a pair, in which we present an automated image processing procedure for monitoring the mobility/stability of gravel river beds. The method is based on local comparison of the shape of the grains identified at the same coordinates between successive photos to [...]
3D diffusion of water in melt inclusion-bearing olivine phenocrysts
Published: 2023-12-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Olivine-hosted melt inclusions are an important archive of pre-eruptive processes such as magma storage, mixing and subsequent ascent through the crust. However, this record can be modified by post entrapment diffusion of H+ through the olivine lattice. Existing studies often use spherical or 1D models to track melt inclusion dehydration that fail to account for complexities in geometry, [...]
Data-space cross-validation of global tomographic models to assess mantle structure underneath the Pacific Ocean
Published: 2023-12-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic tomography is a principal method for studying deep mantle plume structure. Imaging Earth's wavespeed anomalies is conditioned by seismic wave sampling, and the uneven distribution of receiving stations worldwide leaves several candidate plumes beneath various hotspots across the globe poorly resolved. We regionally evaluate two full-waveform global tomography wavespeed models, GLAD-M25 [...]
Never train an LSTM on a single basin
Published: 2023-12-05
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Machine learning (ML) has an increasing role in the hydrological sciences, and in particular, certain types of time series modeling strategies are popular for rainfall-runoff modeling. A large majority of studies that use this type of model do not follow best practices, and there is one mistake in particular that is very common: training deep learning models on small, homogeneous data sets (i.e., [...]
FluxFormer: Upscaled global gross primary productivity from eddy covariance data with multivariate timeseries Transformer
Published: 2023-12-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates are crucial for developing effective climate change policies. However, quantifying GPP is challenging due to sparse ground observations and the complexity of plant functional types (PFTs). In this study, we address these challenges by evaluating various aspects of a data-driven model, including the architecture of time series deep [...]
Geomorphology and Morphogenesis of the Non-siliceous, Non-aqueous Fluvial Systems of Titan: A Review
Published: 2023-12-05
Subjects: Planetary Geomorphology
Titan is the only moon known in the solar system to possess not only an atmosphere, but an active weather cycle, tectonics, and erosive geomorphology. This weather cycle involves primarily liquid alkanes of methane and ethane (along with photochemical alterations of said compounds). Such liquid alkanes are the constituents through which stable bodies of liquid have been observed on Titan. These [...]
Precipitation Inequality Exacerbates Streamflow Inequality, but Dams Moderate it
Published: 2023-12-04
Subjects: Engineering
Access to clean water is a fundamental human right, yet millions worldwide face the dire consequences of water scarcity and inadequate sanitation. Water inequality, characterized by disparities in access and availability of water resources, has emerged as a critical global challenge with far-reaching social, economic, and environmental implications. Using a globally representative observational [...]
The Certainty of Uncertainty in Atmospheric CO2 Removal: A Crisis-Response Abrupt Mitigation Scenario (CRAMS)
Published: 2023-12-04
Subjects: Climate, Sustainability
The gap between current emission trend and the expected 1.5 °C warming target forces the deployment of different carbon dioxide removal technologies (CDRs). Even though large discrepancies and uncertainties presents in studies investigating the CDR potentials, costs and side effects of bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), direct air capture with CO2 storage (DACCS) and enhanced [...]