Preprints
There are 4718 Preprints listed.
Evaluating methane emission quantification performance and uncertainty of aerial technologies via high-volume single-blind controlled releases
Published: 2023-03-11
Subjects: Oil, Gas, and Energy
Methane (CH4) from oil and gas (O&G) activities is a known contributor to global anthropogenic methane emissions and recent research has demonstrated that a small fraction of large emitters contribute to the majority of total emissions. In this study, we perform a single-blind evaluation of the quantification capabilities of three airplane-based technologies (Bridger Photonics’ Gas Mapping LiDAR, [...]
Steady decline in mean annual air temperatures in the first 30 ka after the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary
Published: 2023-03-07
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy
The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary marks one of the five major mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic. How the climate system responded to a bolide impact and extensive volcanism at this time over different timescales is highly debated. Here we use the distribution of branched tetraether lipids (brGDGT) from fossil peats at two sites in Saskatchewan, Canada (paleolatitude ~55°N), to generate a [...]
Addressing Tidal Flooding Induced uncertainties in Satellite Derived Global Salt Marsh Change Studies: Impact on Blue Carbon Monitoring
Published: 2023-03-04
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Other Environmental Sciences, Water Resource Management
In the past few years, it has been established that remote sensing of wetlands change analysis studies would require careful examination of tidal flooding produced uncertainties in satellite datasets. Tide flagging and filtering mechanisms are required to reduce per-pixel variabilities and errors in change detection. We present a technical note summarizing the potential impact of a lack of tide [...]
Equality, Diversity and Inclusivity: Report of a survey of its members and others by the Mineralogical Society of the UK and Ireland
Published: 2023-03-04
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
During its November 2020 Council meeting, the Mineralogical Society decided to conduct a survey of its members and others to assess views on equality, diversity and inclusivity (EDI) in terms of the experience of individuals. Although many organizations, including Learned Societies, have developed policy on the basis of surveys, meetings at executive and other committee level, and through the [...]
Data-driven placement of PM2.5 air quality sensors in the United States: An approach to target urban environmental injustice
Published: 2023-03-04
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In the United States, citizens and policymakers heavily rely upon Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandated regulatory networks to monitor air pollution; increasingly they also depend on low-cost sensor networks to supplement spatial gaps in regulatory monitor networks coverage. Although these regulatory and low-cost networks in tandem provide enhanced spatiotemporal coverage in urban areas, [...]
Operationalizing an open-source dashboard for communicating results of wastewater-based epidemiology
Published: 2023-03-04
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
COVID-19 saw the expansion of public health communication tools to manage and inform the pandemic as it evolved. While the utility of these tools is important in and of itself, it was also the case that during this time experts honed the effectiveness in a near real-time fashion. One tool that saw extensive use was the public health dashboard, web-based visualization tools that communicate [...]
A method for the measurement of seismic attenuation in polar firn
Published: 2023-03-04
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology
We present seismic measurements of the firn column at Korff Ice Rise, West Antarctica, including measurements of compressional- and shear-wave velocity and attenuation. We describe a modified spectral-ratio method of measuring the seismic quality factor (Q) based on analysis of diving waves, which enables us to characterise the attenuative structure of firn in greater detail than has previously [...]
Glacier projections sensitivity to temperature-index model choices and calibration strategies
Published: 2023-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Glacier models contribute significantly to the uncertainty of glacier change projections. In this study, we focus on temperature-index mass-balance (MB) models and their calibration, exploring the impact of various design choices on projections. Using the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM), we compare the effects of different surface-type dependent degree-day factors, temporal climate resolutions [...]
The Digital Environmental Footprint - a holistic framework of Digital Sustainability
Published: 2023-03-04
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Studies, Sustainability
This paper examines the different ways in which the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector negatively affects the environment. To capture environmental externalities beyond the common but limited carbon footprint, a novel holistic framework of digital sustainability was created - the Digital Environmental Footprint (DEF). To apply and test the DEF, the ICT sector was evaluated [...]
Multi-scale rupture growth with alternating directions in a complex fault network during the 2023 south-eastern Türkiye and Syria earthquake doublet
Published: 2023-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A devastating doublet of earthquakes with moment magnitude Mw 7.9 and Mw 7.6 earthquakes contiguously occurred in SE Türkiye near the NW border of Syria. Here we perform a potency-density tensor inversion to simultaneously estimate rupture evolution and fault geometry for the doublet. We find the initial Mw 7.9 earthquake involved discrete episodes of supershear rupture and back-rupture [...]
Evaluating Clean Water Act progress drivers for Idaho rivers and streams 2002-2022
Published: 2023-03-04
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
In the United States, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary legislation driving surface water quality management. Its goal is to “restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters.” Section 305(b) of the CWA requires states to document CWA progress by reporting whether applicable water quality standards are achieved for all state waters every two [...]
The Earth4All model of human wellbeing on a finite planet towards 2100
Published: 2023-03-04
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geography
In the following pages, we give a short introduction to a new integrated global assessment model: The Earth4All model of human wellbeing on a finite planet towards the year 2100. The Earth4All (E4A) model has evolved over a fifteen-year period and represents a summary of insights we have gained during all these years (See Appendix 1 for a list of the main publications that form the foundation for [...]
Fractures and faults across intrusion-induced forced folds: a georesource perspective
Published: 2023-03-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Intruding magma can create space by uplift and elastic bending of the overburden, which locally fractures the deforming volume and produces dome-like forced folds. Due to their geometry and fracture network, such intrusion-induced forced folds make ideal fluid traps. As these forced folds are common in many volcanic settings and sedimentary basins, they present exploration targets for water, [...]
Effects of concentrated and intense heavy rain on phreatic eruptions ～Based on a case study of the phreatic eruptions of Mt. Ontake in Japan-～
Published: 2023-02-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
"This paper is a non-peer reviewed preprint submitted to EarthArXiv" For humans living in an economic zone adjacent to volcanoes, the reality of unpredictable eruptions is a constant concern. This paper presents a new view on the phreatic eruption process of Mt. Ontake, Japan. The purpose of this posting is to find ways to reduce casualties from phreatic eruptions. As a background, there is the [...]
Seasonal and annual tropical river pattern change detection using machine learning
Published: 2023-02-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rivers in the tropics are more likely to exhibit seasonal changes in pattern than those in temperate regions because of strongly seasonal rainfall. However, such changes in seasonal tropical river patterns have not been widely investigated. Machine learning methods are used in this study with Sentinel-2 multispectral remote sensing images to classify active channel landforms (water; unvegetated [...]