Preprints
There are 6149 Preprints listed.
A Novel Methodology to Map Hydrogen Storage Potential in Salt Caverns: A Case Study of the Midwestern and Appalachian Regions of the United States
Published: 2024-10-24
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Sustainability
Hydrogen is widely understood to be critical for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors like heavy industry, and long-distance transportation as well as balancing a variable renewable energy dominated power grid. Here, we propose a methodology for evaluating the potential for hydrogen storage in geological salt resources. This methodology starts with a characterization of salt resources by [...]
Towards surface-wave tomography with 3D resolution and uncertainty
Published: 2024-10-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Surface-wave tomography is crucial for mapping upper-mantle structure in poorly instrumented regions such as the oceans. However, data sparsity and errors lead to tomographic models with complex resolution and uncertainty, which can impede meaningful physical interpretations. Accounting for the full 3D resolution and robustly estimating model uncertainty remains challenging in surface-wave [...]
A new unit Weibull distribution
Published: 2024-10-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A new 2 parameter unit Weibull distribution is defined on the unit interval (0,1). The methodology of deducing its PDF, some of its properties and related functions are discussed. The paper is supplied by many figures illustrating the new distribution and how this can make it illegible to fit a wide range of skewed data.
Discussion of Košťák et al. (2021), Fossil evidence for vampire squid inhabiting oxygen-depleted ocean zones since at least the Oligocene.
Published: 2024-10-23
Subjects: Geology, Paleontology
Košťák et al. (2021) is important in presenting the first known Cenozoic fossil of a vampyromorph. Some modifications to the interpretations are needed, however. The first concerns inferring water depth habitat of non-benthic animals from fossils found in deep water sediments. The second concerns the water depth estimates for the La Voulte-sur-Rhône exceptionally preserved biota (La Voulte EPB), [...]
Bioremediation of multiple heavy metals through biostimulation of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation at varying calcium-to-urea concentrations
Published: 2024-10-23
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Studies on heavy metal bioremediation through Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) typically involve bioaugmentation approaches that use low calcium-to-urea ratios and target single contaminants. We present an investigation on the efficiency of soils’ autochthonous ureolytic bacteria to simultaneously remediate multiple heavy metals and sequester carbon through urea hydrolysis and MICP [...]
Tropical thermocline helps power Pacific equatorial upwelling
Published: 2024-10-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Upwelling in the equatorial Pacific Ocean exerts a primary influence on the Earth’s climate, but there is great uncertainty on whether this influence will intensify or weaken under global warming. The dominant dynamical theory of equatorial upwelling argues that the easterly trade winds ’pull’ water up towards the surface via Ekman suction. In contrast, studies of decadal variability suggest that [...]
Application of machine learning methods to forecast petrophysical properties in basalts of the Serra Geral Group: Implications for carbon storage
Published: 2024-10-22
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study applies machine learning techniques for forecasting petrophysical properties (density, porosity, and permeability) in the basalts of the Serra Geral Group, located in the Paraná Basin, Brazil. These properties are crucial for the successful implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS), an important technology to combat climate change. Employing machine learning models—XGBoost, [...]
Computational Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on Flood Inflows Using Remote Sensing and SWAT: A Case Study of Ban Chat Reservoir, Northern Vietnam
Published: 2024-10-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study examines the changes in land cover and three water quality indicators (chlorophyll-a, colored dissolved organic matter, turbidity) using Sentinel-2 imagery in the Ban Chat hydropower area in Northern Vietnam during the period of 2016--2024. To assess the potential impact of flood flows into the Ban Chat reservoir, key information is extracted from remote sensing data, which is the [...]
DARTS: Multi-year database of AI-detected retrogressive thaw slumps in the circum-arctic permafrost region
Published: 2024-10-20
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Retrogressive Thaw Slumps (RTS) are widespread mass-wasting hillslope failures triggered by thawing permafrost. While regional studies have provided insights into the spatial distribution and dynamics of RTS, a consistent and unbiased quantification and monitoring remains unsolved at pan-arctic scales. We present the Database of AI-detected Arctic RTS footprints (DARTS), comprising ~43,000 [...]
The Rainy Continental Snow climate: Global comparison with 40 years of snow cover modeled in the Chic-Chocs, northeastern Appalachians mountains.
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the snow and avalanche climate of the Chic-Chocs region of the Gaspé Peninsula, located in the northeastern Appalachians of eastern Canada. The data revealed two major components of the snow climate: a cold snow cover combined with a maritime influence causing melt/ice layers through rain-on-snow events. The CRCM6-SNOWPACK model chain was good at [...]
Fluoride concentration in groundwater and relationship with the sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) Fluoride concentration in groundwater
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Groundwater is the largest freshwater reserve on the planet, and its quality plays a fundamental role in human well-being and economic development. However, it sometimes contains potentially harmful compounds, such as fluoride in high concentrations, which has led to the implementation of quality standards to ensure water potability. This study evaluates the concentrations of fluoride in [...]
Building Resilient Sanitation Systems in Malawi: Pit-latrine Costs, Collapse, and Management
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Engineering
Despite widespread access to basic sanitation in Malawi, over 75% of the population lacks improved sanitation facilities. This national study investigates the resilience of pit-latrines across Malawi, focusing on the relationship between construction quality, facility lifespan, and collapse frequency. A survey of 268,000 pit-latrines revealed that high-quality latrines (lined and with a slab) [...]
Climate change projects and youth engagement: Empowerment and contested knowledge.
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Environmental Studies
This study investigated youths’ empowerment through EU-funded climate change projects (CCPs) and the role that social research and public engagement have in that process. The importance of considering youth empowerment in a time of climate change is increasingly recognised. Youths are exposed to interrelated health, social, economic, and political vulnerabilities caused by climate change, but [...]
Controls on coastal saline groundwater across North America
Published: 2024-10-18
Subjects: Hydrology
Groundwater is crucial to sustaining coastal freshwater needs. About 32 million people in the coastal USA rely on groundwater as their primary water source. With rapidly growing coastal communities and increasing demands for fresh groundwater, understanding controls of continental-scale coastal groundwater salinity is critical. To investigate what hydrogeological factors (e.g., topography, [...]
Review of Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques: Lithium Redistribution By Pegmatite Weathering
Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The rising popularity of lithium in battery technology and renewable power sources has thus turned attention to Li-Cs-Ta pegmatites for lithium. This review focuses on a description of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for studying lithium-repayment processes during the weathering of such pegmatites. Hyperspectral imaging has the potential to provide a non-destructive method to identify and map lithium [...]