Preprints
There are 5978 Preprints listed.
Comprehensive Assessment of Flood Risk and Vulnerability for Essential Facilities: Iowa Case Study
Published: 2024-08-02
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science
Of all natural disasters that occur on this planet, flood events are universally one of the most common and most destructive. As climate change and human actions continue to cause the occurrence of flood events to rise, it becomes increasingly important that the effects of flooding are analyzed and understood. In this study, nine different types of critical amenities in the state of Iowa (such as [...]
Seaweed Cultivation: A Cost-Effective Strategy for Food Production in a Global Catastrophe
Published: 2024-08-02
Subjects: Agriculture, Analysis, Life Sciences, Spatial Science
An event such as a large volcanic eruption, nuclear winter or asteroid/comet impact has the potential to seriously reduce incoming sunlight, impacting both the global climate and conventional crop yields. This could have catastrophic impacts on human nutrition, unless the food system can adapt. One possible answer is seaweed, where growth is projected to be less impacted (or even enhanced) by the [...]
Taphonomic Controls on a Multi-Element Skeletal Fossil Record
Published: 2024-08-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Life Sciences, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Animals with multi-element skeletons, including the vertebrates, echinoderms, and arthropods, are some of the most biodiverse and ecologically important animal groups. Understanding the relative impact of the myriad geological and biological factors which impact on the quality of multi-element skeletal fossils is thus crucial for disentangling perceived changes in biodiversity through time and [...]
Using Hydrogeomorphic Features to Quantify Structural and Functional Hydrologic Connectivity in a Coastal Plain Headwater Stream
Published: 2024-08-02
Subjects: Geomorphology, Hydrology
Headwater streams comprise most of the global river length, and hydrologic processes occurring in headwaters affect the chemical, physical, and biological functions of downstream aquatic ecosystems. However, we do not have a clear understanding of the spatial scales that drive hydrologic processes across headwater systems, particularly in Coastal Plain landscapes. We address this gap by [...]
Harmful Algal Bloom Prediction using Empirical Dynamic Modelling
Published: 2024-08-02
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) can originate from a variety of reasons, including water pollution coming from agriculture, effluent from treatment plants, sewage system leaks, pH and light levels, and the consequences of climate change. In recent years, HAB events have become a serious environmental problem, paralleling population growth, agricultural development, increasing air temperatures, and [...]
Deforestation – a call for consistent carbon accounting
Published: 2024-08-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbon accounting conventions treat emissions differently depending on their source. Fossil fuel carbon emissions are assessed as gross, whereas anthropogenic land carbon emissions are assessed as net. Despite calls for consistent gross accounting, accounting guidelines remain unchanged. Here we consolidate arguments for consistent accounting and explore implications for national inventories, [...]
A Systematic Review of Neural Network Applications for Groundwater Level Prediction
Published: 2024-07-30
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Physical models have long been employed for groundwater level (GWL) prediction. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly neural networks (NNs), have gained widespread use in forecasting GWL. Forecasting of GWL is essential to enable analyze, quantify and manage groundwater. This systematic review investigates the application of NNs for GWL prediction, focusing on the architectures of [...]
Scenario Development for Safety Assessment in Deep Geologic Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel: A Review
Published: 2024-07-30
Subjects: Risk Analysis
Radiation and radioactive substances result in the production of radioactive wastes which require safe management and disposal to avoid risks to human health and the environment. To ensure permanent safe disposal the performance of a deep geological repository for radioactive waste is assessed against internationally agreed risk-based standards. Assessing post-closure safety of the future [...]
Analyzing Sedimentary Rocks to Determine Hydrodynamic Conditions of Anambra Basin, South-Eastern Nigeria.
Published: 2024-07-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Anambra Basin, situated in southeastern Nigeria, stands out as a significant sedimentary basin characterized by its intricate and multifaceted geological history. This complexity arises from a combination of marine, fluvial, and deltaic processes that have shaped the basin over geological time. Our study is dedicated to examining the sedimentary rock formations within this basin, with a [...]
Greenland Ice Sheet wide supraglacial lake evolution and dynamics: insights from the 2018 and 2019 melt seasons
Published: 2024-07-29
Subjects: Glaciology
Supraglacial lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) can impact both the ice sheet surface mass balance and ice dynamics. Thus, understanding the evolution and dynamics of supraglacial lakes is important to provide improved parameterizations for ice sheet models to enable better projections of future GrIS changes. In this study, we utilize the growing inventory of optical and microwave satellite [...]
Multi-temporal elevation changes of Fedchenko Glacier (Tajikistan) from 1928 to 2021
Published: 2024-07-29
Subjects: Climate, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The Fedchenko Glacier in Tajikistan's central Pamir region is one of Asia's longest glacier and has been a focal point for scientific investigation spanning the 20th and 21st centuries, yielding a valuable historical dataset for Central Asia. This study explores elevation changes from 1928 to 2021 from topographic maps from 1928 and 1958, KH-9 spy satellite data from 1980, SPOT5 satellite data [...]
On the influence of pressure, phase transitions, and water on large-scale seismic anisotropy underneath a subduction zone
Published: 2024-07-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Seismic anisotropy mainly originates from the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) ofminerals deformed in the convective mantle flow. While fabric transitions have been previously observed inexperiments, their influence on large‐scale anisotropy is not well‐documented. Here, we implement 2Dgeodynamic models of intra‐oceanic subduction coupled with mantle fabric modeling to investigate [...]
The first seismo-volcanological observatory on Montserrat
Published: 2024-07-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The first seismo-volcanological observatory in the anglophone Caribbean was established on Montserrat in 1936, in response to a volcano-seismic crisis that began in in 1933. Staff at Montserrat’s agricultural office began routinely observing earthquake shocks in 1934. In 1936, following a scientific expedition dispatched by the Royal Society, an observatory was established at the Grove Botanical [...]
Signal and noise in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26°N
Published: 2024-07-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is key to the redistribution of heat in the climate system. It is projected to weaken due to climate change. The RAPID mooring array observes the strength of the AMOC, showing an overall weakening of 1.0 Sv/decade from 2004–2023. However, the significance of this trend is controversial. Here we consider the RAPID observations in a [...]
Alteration processes of mantle peridotite in the Samail ophiolite inferred from independent component analysis of rock physical properties
Published: 2024-07-27
Subjects: Geochemistry, Mineral Physics, Multivariate Analysis
To quantify the alteration processes of mantle from geophysical data, an understanding of the relationship between alteration and the physical properties of mantle peridotite is essential. In this study, we employed independent component analysis (ICA) to evaluate variations in the physical properties of altered peridotites collected by the Oman Drilling Project, to understand the alteration [...]