Preprints
There are 5516 Preprints listed.
The Northern Chile forearc constrained by 15 years of permanent seismic monitoring
Published: 2024-01-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this review article, we compile seismological observations from the different constituent parts of the Northern Chile forearc: the downgoing Nazca Plate, the plate interface, the upper South American Plate as well as the mantle wedge beneath it. As Northern Chile has been monitored by a network of permanent seismic stations since late 2006, there is a wealth of observations that enables us to [...]
An Assessment of Annual Load Estimation Methods in Small Watersheds for Cross Site Comparisons
Published: 2024-01-12
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Streams and rivers export dissolved materials and eroded sediments from the watersheds they drain. Much can be learned about rivers and their watersheds by measuring the magnitude, timing and form of these exports. Such watershed load datasets are used to gain fundamental understanding of watershed ecosystems as well as to assess water quality and the efficacy of management approaches to sustain [...]
Stress-strain hysteresis during hydrostatic loading of porous rocks
Published: 2024-01-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering
A micro-mechanical model is proposed to predict the stress-strain hysteresis during the cyclic hydrostatic loading of fluid-saturated rocks under drained or undrained conditions. A spherical pore is surrounded by a cracked shell where local deviatoric stress develops despite the remote hydrostatic loading. The effective properties of the material composing the shell are constructed with the crack [...]
Polar feedbacks in clearsky radiative-advective equilibrium from an air-mass transformation perspective
Published: 2024-01-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We develop a novel single-column model of clear-sky radiative-advective equilibrium where advective heating is internally determined by relaxing the column temperature and humidity toward fixed midlatitude profiles, consistent with an air-mass transformation perspective. The model reproduces observed polar temperature and advective heating rate profiles, and also captures many of the [...]
Temperature and precipitation changes in ten cities in Southeast Asia: an analysis based on CMIP6 climate projections
Published: 2024-01-12
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Climate change influences both average states and extremes in temperatures and precipitation. Southeast Asia, one of the most vulnerable regions worldwide to floods and heatwaves, indicates an escalation of the possibility of severe climate extremes. Extreme precipitation events can bring increasing floods, leading to considerable damage to property and human well-being. However, droughts also [...]
Capturing geological uncertainty in salt cavern developments for hydrogen storage: Case study from Southern North Sea
Published: 2024-01-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Future energy systems with greater contributions from renewable energy will require long-duration energy storage to optimise integration of renewable sources, hydrogen is an energy vector that could be utilised for this. Grid-scale underground natural gas storage is already in operation in solution-mined salt caverns, where individual cavern capacities are ~25 - 275 GWh. While traditionally salt [...]
The Rapa Nui Little Ice Age drought: evidence, potential causes and socioecological impact
Published: 2024-01-12
Subjects: Paleontology, Sedimentology, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
A decade ago, an island-wide drought was proposed to have occurred on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) during the Little Ice Age (LIA). This climatic event was considered to be important for ecological and cultural transformations that occurred on the island during the 16th and 17th centuries. Independent multiproxy paleoecological and paleoclimatic evidence produced in the last years supports the [...]
Environmental Signal Propagation in Non-stationary Systems: The Impact of Delta Advance on Terrestrial to Marine Information Transfer
Published: 2024-01-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
When interpreting environmental signals in the deep marine sedimentary archive, separating the record of local flow and sediment dynamics from that of the terrestrial transport system that feeds it can be challenging. We used a physical experiment to study the dynamics of flow and sedimentation on a prograding, hyperpycnal flow-dominated delta, shelf and submarine slope subject to slow rates of [...]
Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous orogenesis in the Klamath Mountains Province (northern California-southern Oregon) occurred by tectonic switching: Insights from Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Condrey Mountain schist
Published: 2024-01-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The Klamath Mountains province (KMP) of northern California and southern Oregon consists of generally east-dipping terranes assembled via Paleozoic to Mesozoic subduction along the western margin of North America. The KMP more than doubled in mass from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous time, due to alternating episodes of extension (e.g, rifting and formation of the Josephine ophiolite) and [...]
Mineral precipitation and geometry alteration in porous structures: How to upscale variations in permeability-porosity relationship?
Published: 2024-01-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Porous materials in natural and engineered environments are subject to morphological changes resulting from interacting chemical and physical processes. The complexity of coupled flow, transport, and chemical processes that occur on different temporal and spatial scales makes it difficult to predict the resulting porosity and permeability alterations. Delineating the controls of mineral [...]
Comparative Analysis of Monetary Transaction Cost of Human-Wildlife Conflict in Mt. Kenya and Amboseli Ecosystems, Kenya
Published: 2024-01-11
Subjects: Biodiversity
Historically, HWC has been reported in the form of crop raiding, livestock predation, property damage, human attacks, disease transmission and ignored hidden costs (HC) such as compensation transaction costs. The HC of HWC are costs that are uncompensated, temporally delayed, or of psychosocial nature. HC of HWC are not recognised in Kenya’s Wildlife Conservation and Management Act (WCMA) 2013 [...]
Human Civilization will Collapse (High Confidence): A Compendium of Relevant Biophysical, Political, Economic, Military, Health, and Psychological Information on Climate Change
Published: 2024-01-11
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Human civilization will not collapse from the direct effects of climate change, but rather from the secondary effects of crop failures, infectious diseases, and armed conflict. The root cause of the climate crisis is the Earth’s energy imbalance: more energy is arriving at the Earth from the sun than is being radiated back out into space. This is occurring because we have been cutting down [...]
Bayesian network modelling of phosphorus pollution in agricultural catchments with high-resolution data
Published: 2024-01-11
Subjects: Agriculture, Biochemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Statistical Models
A Bayesian Belief Network was developed to simulate phosphorus (P) loss in an Irish agricultural catchment. Septic tanks and farmyards were included to represent all P sources and assess their effect on model performance. Bayesian priors were defined using daily discharge and turbidity, high-resolution soil P data, expert opinion, and literature. Calibration was done against seven years of daily [...]
Empowering the Next-Generation Climate Scientists: Insights from the 2023 Forecasters’ WEB (ForWEB) Exchange Program/Hackathon at KNUST, Ghana
Published: 2024-01-10
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In response to the escalating climate change issues, the Forecasters' WEB (ForWEB), established by the Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, KNUST, collaborated with the Department of Atmospheric and Climate Science, UENR to host the first, exchange program/hackathon. The program aimed at equipping students with knowledge, practical skills, and a collaborative ethos for addressing the [...]
Land transformation on multi-decadal timescales reveals expanding croplands and settlements at the expense of tree-covered areas and mangroves in Nigeria
Published: 2024-01-10
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Sustainability
Evaluating how land-cover is being transformed is essential to identify patterns necessary to infer the change trajectories and the driving factors. This study considers the case of Nigeria, where various natural ecosystems are being converted and for which a current national scale assessment is lacking. Producing Landsat-based time-series, we analyze change among land-cover types (i.e., [...]