Preprints
There are 5978 Preprints listed.
Equality, diversity and inclusion recommendations and best practice from NERC Doctoral Training Partnerships & Centers for Doctoral Training: DEI Forum Report 2023
Published: 2024-07-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Education, Environmental Sciences, Higher Education
This report represents the collective voice of NERC DTPs & CDTs, demonstrating the reality of nurturing Diversity, Equality and Inclusion at the ground level from the perspectives of staff and students. Individually, we have faced common barriers towards improving DEI within our host universities and honed our expertise in realising DEI through extensive research and [...]
geodl: An R package for geospatial deep learning semantic segmentation using torch and terra
Published: 2024-07-18
Subjects: Geology, Geomorphology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Programming Languages and Compilers
Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning (DL) methods have transformed the analysis of geospatial, Earth observation, and geophysical data due to their ability to model spatial context information at multiple scales. Such methods are especially applicable to pixel-level classification, or semantic segmentation, tasks. A variety of R packages have been developed for processing and [...]
On the Emergence of Tortured Phrases: A Threat to Scientific Integrity - The Example of 'Heavy Metal'
Published: 2024-07-17
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
For some time, I have advocated for banning the term "heavy metal" from scientific literature due to its frequent misuse, suggesting "potentially toxic element" as a replacement. The rise of "tortured phrases," generated by paraphrasing software to avoid plagiarism detection, now further threatens scientific integrity. These nonsensical terms complicate comprehension and dilute the clarity [...]
Amplifying Exploration of Regional Climate Risks: Clustering Future Projections on Regionally Relevant Impact Drivers Not Emission Scenarios
Published: 2024-07-17
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Hydrology, Meteorology, Other Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis
Climate impacts will continue to evolve over the coming decades, requiring regions worldwide to obtain actionable climate information. Global Climate Models (GCMs) are often used to explore future conditions, but the variability of projections among GCMs complicates regional climate risk assessments. This variability in future projections is only partly explained by the often-used emission [...]
Frontiers in attributing climate extremes and associated impacts
Published: 2024-07-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The field of extreme event attribution (EEA) has rapidly developed over the last two decades. Various methods have been developed and implemented, physical modelling capabilities have generally improved, the field of impact attribution has emerged, and assessments serve as a popular communication tool for conveying how climate change is influencing weather and climate events in the lived [...]
Volcanic arc structure controlled by liquid focusing from the slab — evidence from boron isotopes and trace elements
Published: 2024-07-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The rates and pathways of material transport from subducting plates to arc volcanoes control the long-term chemical evolution of the atmosphere, continents, and mantle. Arc magma compositions are commonly used as proxies for the state of the slab directly below a volcanic vent, under the assumption of vertical transport from the slab to the surface. Here, we present new boron (B) isotope and [...]
HydroSignal: Open-Source Internet of Things Information Communication Platform for Hydrological Education and Outreach
Published: 2024-07-16
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering Education, Environmental Engineering
This paper introduces HydroSignal, a low-cost, open-source platform designed to transform environmental monitoring and hydrological data visualization, making it accessible to educators, students, and the general public. By integrating internet of things (IoT) technology with a user-friendly web interface, HydroSignal enables real-time data acquisition and visualization of key hydrological [...]
Counting currents: resolving contradictory records of eruption history created by unsteady pyroclastic density current dynamics
Published: 2024-07-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ignimbrite lithofacies analysis can be used to interpret the number and behaviour of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) generated during a Plinian eruption, through identification of flow units in the rock record. However, pyroclastic stratigraphic successions are rarely complete and without breaks around a volcano, complicating regional analysis of hiatus markers. This study uses entrachron [...]
Modeling sediment compaction beneath ice lenses during frost heave
Published: 2024-07-13
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Soil Science
Frost heave occurs when the ground swells during freezing conditions due to the growth of ice lenses in the subsurface. The mechanics of ice-infiltrated sediment, or frozen fringe, influences the formation and evolution of ice lenses. As the frozen fringe thickens during freezing, progressive unloading can result in dilation of the pore space and the formation of new ice lenses. Compaction can [...]
Rupture directivity from energy envelope deconvolution: theory and application to 69 Ridgecrest M 3.5–5.5 earthquakes
Published: 2024-07-13
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Earthquake rupture directivity impacts ground motions and provides important insights on fault zone properties and earthquake physics. However, measuring directivity of small earthquakes is challenging due to their compact rupture sizes and complex path and site effects at high frequencies. Here, we develop a new approach that deconvolves energy envelopes of the S-coda waves to remove path and [...]
Seamounts control subducted carbonate recycling in Central America – evidence from stable Sr isotopes
Published: 2024-07-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Accurate estimates of carbon recycling efficiency at subduction zones are crucial for understanding the long-term evolution of the planet’s climate. Estimating subducting carbon recycling efficiency is difficult, however, due to magmatic degassing deep within the crust. Stable strontium (δ88Sr) isotopes have the potential to serve as an additional proxy for carbonate recycling due to carbonate’s [...]
Interdiffusion of major elements at 1 atmosphere between natural shoshonitic and rhyolitic melts
Published: 2024-07-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Volcanology
The diffusive mass exchange of eight major elements (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K) between natural, nominally dry shoshonitic and rhyolitic melts was studied at atmospheric pressure and temperatures between 1230 and 1413 °C using the diffusion couple method. For six elements, effective binary diffusion coefficients were calculated by means of a concentration-dependent method to obtain an [...]
Bridging the gap between SOLA and Deterministic Linear Inferences in the context of seismic tomography
Published: 2024-07-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Seismic tomography is routinely used to image the Earth's interior using seismic data. However, in practice, data limitations lead to discretised inversions or the use of regularisations, which complicates tomographic model interpretations. In contrast, Backus-Gilbert inference methods make it possible to infer properties of the true Earth, providing useful insights into the internal structure of [...]
Quantifying relationships between fault parameters and rupture characteristics associated with thrust and reverse fault earthquakes.
Published: 2024-07-12
Subjects: Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Risk Analysis, Tectonics and Structure
We investigate the influence of earthquake source characteristics and geological site parameters on fault scarp morphologies for thrust and reverse fault earthquakes using geomechanical models. We performed a total of 3,434 distinct element method (DEM) model experiments to evaluate the impact of the sediment depth, density, homogeneous and heterogeneous sediment strengths, fault dip, and the [...]
Coupled, decoupled, and abrupt responses of vegetation to climate across timescales
Published: 2024-07-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Climate and ecosystem dynamics vary across timescales, but research into climate-driven vegetation dynamics usually focuses on singular timescales. We develop a spectral analysis- based approach that provides detailed estimates of the timescales at which vegetation tracks climate change, from 10^1 to 10^5 years. We report similarity ofvegetation and climate even at centennial frequencies (149^-1 [...]