Preprints
There are 5647 Preprints listed.
Gender diversity in editorial boards of scientific journals. Some earth science case studies for a geoethical reflection.
Published: 2024-01-30
Subjects: Engineering
Any scientific area can benefit from the contributions of a diverse society. Upon reflection, many notable achievements have been made by women to the advancement of science, but they were not highlighted enough. Such was the case of Hedy Lamarr, who co-authored the development of a radio guidance system (the start of the present Wi-Fi) or Rosalind Franklin, who contributed enormously to the [...]
Characteristics of dynamic thickness change across diverse outlet glacier geometries and basal conditions
Published: 2024-01-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Outlet glaciers in Greenland are undergoing retreat and diffusive thinning in response to external forcings, but the rates and magnitudes of these responses differ from glacier to glacier for unclear reasons. We test how changes in ice overburden pressure and basal lubrication affect diffusive thinning rates and their spatial patterns by conducting numerical experiments over various idealized [...]
Unexpected anthropogenic emission decreases explain recent atmospheric mercury concentration declines
Published: 2024-01-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Anthropogenic activities emit ~2000 Mg yr-1 of the toxic pollutant mercury (Hg) into the atmosphere, leading to long-range transport and deposition to remote ecosystems. Global anthropogenic emissions inventories report increases in Northern Hemispheric (NH) Hg emissions during the last three decades, in contradiction with the observed decline in atmospheric Hg concentrations at NH measurement [...]
Evaluating a conceptual hydrological model at gauged and ungauged basins using machine learning-based limits-of-acceptability and hydrological signatures
Published: 2024-01-30
Subjects: Engineering
Hydrological models are evaluated by comparisons with observed hydrological quantities such as streamflow. A model evaluation procedure should account for dominantly epistemic errors in measured hydrological data such as observed precipitation and streamflow and avoid type-2 errors (rejecting a good model). This study uses quantile random forest (QRF) to develop limits-of-acceptability (LoA) over [...]
Effect of UV radiation on chromatic parameters in serpentinites used as dimension stones.
Published: 2024-01-29
Subjects: Engineering
Colour is an important parameter that must be taken into account if aesthetic homogeneity in both construction and restoration work is to be achieved. In serpentinites, the different degrees of serpentinization or carbonation can influence their final colour. Sunlight, especially ultraviolet (UV) radiation, is a common agent that can decay properties such as hue, lightness, and chroma, and can [...]
Flow dynamics and tributary mouth bar formation at river confluences with high rates of tributary sediment supply
Published: 2024-01-29
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
River confluences influence the formation of secondary circulation, bed morphology, and associated feedbacks. With distance downstream through a drainage network, it becomes likely that the flow momentum of tributaries is lower than that of the main river, creating confluences with very low momentum ratio. However, the tributary may be able to supply significant quantities of sediment, especially [...]
Natural occurrence of asbestos in serpentinite quarries from Southern Spain.
Published: 2024-01-29
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Public Health
The nevado-filábride complex (NFC) (southern Spain) is well known for its widespread mining and quarrying activities. Serpentinite and metabasite rocks are extracted, processed and traded as building and ornamental stones. Due to the possible presence of natural occurrence of asbestos (NOA) in these rocks, the aim of this paper is to conduct an in-depth characterisation of fibrous minerals. To [...]
Facies models for rocky shorelines and their application to transgressed basement highs in the North Sea.
Published: 2024-01-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Rocky shorelines form where basement highs are eroded and flooded during marine transgressive events. Despite the Mesozoic North Sea rift generated numerous platform margins and rotated fault blocks which acted as basement highs, rocky shoreline deposits have not been previously reported. In the rock record rocky shoreline deposits are usually represented by thin conglomerates overlying major [...]
Femtosecond laser texturing as a tool to increase the hydrophobicity of ornamental stone: The influence of lithology and texture
Published: 2024-01-29
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In the field of stone conservation, a very common direct intervention seeks to increase the water repellence of objects. By limiting the interaction between the solid and the water, the possibility of alteration due to the action of the water (liquid or solid) as well as that related to the colonisation of surfaces by organisms is reduced. To decrease wettability, chemicals are often applied to [...]
River Floodplains, Organic Carbon, and Paleoclimate: How River Dynamics Impart Biases in the Biogeochemical Climate Record of Terrestrial Landscapes
Published: 2024-01-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
River floodplains can be both sources and sinks for organic carbon. In the sedimentary record, geochemical signatures of terrestrial water availability record climate and ecology along river corridors in deep time. However, paleoenvironmental reconstructions are often confounded by the complex dynamics of organic carbon residence, entrainment, and deposition in a fluvial system. As alluvial [...]
Decoding the Hysteretic Behavior of Hydraulic Variables in Lowland Rivers with Multivariate Monitoring Approaches
Published: 2024-01-29
Subjects: Engineering
This paper demonstrates that the multivariate monitoring methods are capable to underpin the systematic investigation of the hysteretic behavior occurring during gradually-varied flows. For this purpose, we present simultaneous measurements of stage, index velocity, and free-surface slope acquired continuously with high-frequency sampling instruments deployed at several river gauging sites [...]
Non-target screening analysis reveals changes in the molecular composition of the Belukha Ice Core between the pre-industrial and industrial periods (1830-1980 CE)
Published: 2024-01-29
Subjects: Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ice cores are environmental archives that are used to reconstruct past changes in the atmospheric aerosol composition. Most ice-core studies have focused mainly on inorganic species and a few dozen organic molecules. However, organic compounds can account for up to 90% of the aerosol composition, meaning that only a fraction of the organic constituents has been studied, limiting our understanding [...]
WEATHERING OF SERPENTINITE STONE DUE TO IN SITU GENERATION OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM SULFATES
Published: 2024-01-25
Subjects: Engineering
This paper presents a thorough study of the main features and the decay causes and mechanisms of serpentinites both freshly quarried and after centuries exposure at the main façade of the sixteenth century Royal Chancery (Granada, Spain). In particular, the process of in situ formation of calcium and magnesium sulfates has been studied. Several decay factors are identified, all of them acting [...]
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) associated with asbestos chrysotile, tremolite and actinolite in the Calabria region (Italy)
Published: 2024-01-25
Subjects: Engineering, Medicine and Health Sciences
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) host in asbestos elongate mineral particles is one of the factors which have been invoked to explain their toxicity/pathogenicity effects. This study quantifies and compares these elements in terms of major, minor and trace element concentrations (Si, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Be, V, As, Rb, Sb, Ba, Pb, Sr) in various types of asbestos using micro [...]
Assessing the climate and health impacts of energy consumption in European Union countries
Published: 2024-01-25
Subjects: Environmental Public Health
************************************************************************************************************** Note: This article has been published in Environmental Research Letters. Please refer to the published version: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/add752 ************************************************************************************************************** Greenhouse gas emissions [...]