Preprints
There are 4718 Preprints listed.
Constraining the complex refractive index of black carbon particles using the complex forward-scattering amplitude
Published: 2023-01-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Black carbon is the largest contributor to global aerosol’s shortwave absorption in the current atmosphere and is an important positive climate forcer. The complex refractive index, m = mr + imi, the primary determinant of the absorbed and scattered energies of incident radiation per unit volume of particulate material, has not been accurately known for atmospheric black carbon material. An [...]
Extension of Methane Emission Rate Distribution for Permian Basin Oil and Gas Production Infrastructure by Aerial LiDAR
Published: 2023-01-11
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Aerial LiDAR measurements at 7474 oil and gas production facilities in the Permian Basin yield a measured methane emission rate distribution extending to the detection sensitivity of the method, 2 kg/h at 90% probability of detection. Emissions are found at 38.3% of facilities scanned, a significantly higher proportion than reported in lower-sensitivity campaigns. LiDAR measurements are analyzed [...]
Improving Shoreline Forecasting Models with Multi-Objective Genetic Programming
Published: 2023-01-11
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Climate, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography, Sedimentology, Statistical Models
Given the current context of climate change and increasing population densities at coastal zones, there is an increasing need to be able to predict the development of our coasts. Recent advances in artificial intelligence allow for automatic analysis of observational data. This work makes use of Symbolic Regression, a type of Machine Learning algorithm, to evolve interpretable shoreline [...]
Diffusion of halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) in silicic melt
Published: 2023-01-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Volcanology
Chemical diffusion of the halogens F, Cl, Br, and I in silica-rich natural melts was experimentally investigated by the diffusion couple technique. Experiments were conducted under anhydrous conditions at atmospheric pressure and hydrous conditions (~1.5 wt.% H2O) at 160 MPa, over a temperature range of 750–1000 °C and 1000–1200 °C, respectively. Quenched trachytic melt samples were analyzed [...]
Thermo-hydro-mechanical analysis of Bentonite at residual state
Published: 2023-01-11
Subjects: Engineering
This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations regarding the effect of temperature on the residual strength of Bentonite at slow-to-moderate shearing velocities. In order to understand the trigger mechanism of slow-moving landslides, we investigated the effect of temperature on the shear strength of slip surfaces. We performed ring-shear tests on Bentonite samples at various [...]
Weakening of the Indian Ocean Dipole in the mid-Holocene due to the mean oceanic climatology change
Published: 2023-01-11
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is one of the leading modes of interannual climate variability in the tropical Indian Ocean (IO). Paleoclimate provides real climate scenarios to examine IOD behaviors and the linkage to basic states. Based on 18 models from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 3 and 4 (PMIP 3/4), the IOD change from the preindustrial period to mid-Holocene is [...]
Real-time shallow landslide hazard assessment on a regional scale
Published: 2023-01-11
Subjects: Engineering
Shallow landslides are a major natural hazard in the UK, causing more than £10M of economic losses annually and posing clear threats to life. Rainfall is an essential control on shallow landslide risk, but network operators currently use generic ‘on-off’ warnings based on localised rainfall intensity and duration, giving no strategic information about where the hazard is highest or evolving the [...]
An expanded database of Southern Hemisphere surface sediment dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and their oceanographic affinities
Published: 2023-01-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages present a valuable proxy to infer paleoceanographic conditions, yet factors influencing geographic distributions of species remain largely unknown, especially in the Southern Ocean. Strong lateral transport, sea-ice dynamics and a low and uneven geographic coverage of surface sediment samples have limited the use of dinocyst assemblages as a quantitative proxy for [...]
Are marl-limestone alternations mainly driven by CaCO3 variations at the astronomical timescale? New insights from extraterrestrial 3He
Published: 2023-01-07
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Marl-limestone alternations are rhythmical inter-bedded deposits that commonly occur in many sedimentological environments. It is quite well established that these lithological variations originate from astronomically-driven climatic variations paced by the Milankovitch cycles of main periods 19, 23, 41, 100 and 405 ka. However, the sedimentological mechanisms involved are not clear: some models [...]
Shyft and Rasputin: a toolbox for hydrologic simulations on triangular irregular networks
Published: 2023-01-07
Subjects: Hydrology
Terrain topography controls insolation variations at catchment scale. This effects are known to be important in cold and mountainous regions due to high diurnal and seasonal variability in incoming radiation. However, meteorological data in such areas lacks accuracy due to sparse station network and coarse re-analysis grids. Simulation tools that model hydrologic processes at local scales require [...]
Oracle bone script records explain the impact of climate extremes in ancient China
Published: 2023-01-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Extreme climatic and weather events have raised increasing concerns in the context of climate change for causing severe disasters worldwide. As for ancient civilizations, however, possible causes of extreme events and their corresponding cultural responses have remained unclear. By quantitatively analyzing the weather information in ~55000 oracle bone script pieces, we constructed three ~200-year [...]
Assessing automated gap imputation of regional scale groundwater level data sets with typical gap patterns
Published: 2023-01-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Large groundwater level (GWL) data sets are often patchy with hydrographs containing continuous gaps and irregular measurement frequencies. However, most statistical time series analyses require regular observations, thus hydrographs with larger gaps are routinely excluded from further analysis despite the loss of coverage and representativity of an initially large data set. Missing values can be [...]
Refining the Moho across the Australian continent
Published: 2023-01-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In recent years there has been a considerable expansion of deployments of portable seismic stations across Australia, which have been analysed by receiver function or autocorrelation methods to extract estimates of Moho depth. An ongoing program of full-crustal reflection profiles has now provided more than 25,000 km of reflection transects that have been interpreted for Moho structure. The Moho [...]
Who are the hyper prolific authors in environmental sciences?
Published: 2023-01-01
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Library and Information Science, Research Methods in Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Hyper prolific scientists are individuals who produce an exceptionally large number of scientific papers, often at a rate that is much higher than their peers. While productivity is generally a positive attribute in the scientific community, hyper prolific scientists may raise concerns about the quality and impact of their research. It is important to carefully evaluate the work of hyper prolific [...]
A Scenario-Neutral Approach to Climate Change in Glacier Mass Balance Modelling
Published: 2022-12-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In hydrology and water resources management, scenario-neutral methods are already common, mostly used to rapidly compare system responses to plausible changes in climate. As a first application in glaciology, a scenario-neutral approach, using climatic mass balance as a system response, is applied to four glaciers: Hintereisferner (AT), Peyto Glacier (CA), Austre Brøggerbreen (NO) and Abramov [...]