Preprints
There are 6195 Preprints listed.
High-resolution geophysical monitoring of moisture accumulation preceding slope movement – a path to improved early warning
Published: 2024-09-25
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology
Slope failures are an ongoing global threat leading to significant numbers of fatalities and infrastructure damage. Landslide impact on communities can be reduced using efficient early warning systems to plan mitigation measures and protect elements at risk. This manuscript presents an innovative geophysical approach to monitoring landslide dynamics, which combines Electrical Resistivity [...]
Normal fault interactions in seismic cycles and the impact of fault network geometry
Published: 2024-09-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the mechanisms behind the characteristics of earthquake cycles on normal faults is challenging due to their long recurrence times. Despite their moderate magnitude, normal faulting earthquakes can produce considerable damage. We investigate the effects of fault network geometry and spacing on the seismic cycle of a system of two normal faults modelled with rate-and-state friction [...]
Topographic analysis for mapping dunes and assessing dune field resilience using multitemporal LiDAR at White Sands, New Mexico
Published: 2024-09-25
Subjects: Geomorphology
Sand dune morphology is indicative of complex system interactions at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales that govern dune topographic structure. We created an object-oriented topographic framework based on slope attitude, curvature, and contextual analysis to map and characterize sand dune morphology at White Sands National Park, New Mexico, USA that limits empiricism and reliance on a [...]
VolFe: an open-source Python package for calculating melt-vapor equilibria including silicate melt, carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and noble gases
Published: 2024-09-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
VolFe is an open-source flexible and adaptable thermodynamic framework in Python for calculating the equilibrium composition of melt and vapor. VolFe considers basaltic through rhyolitic melts including the volatiles carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and the noble gases. VolFe models both reduced and oxidised systems due to the range of melt and vapor species included. Hence, VolFe is applicable to [...]
Climate Suitability Modelling of Miracle Tree Moringa oleifera Distribution in Pakistan using MaxEnt
Published: 2024-09-24
Subjects: Computer Sciences
Climate change has badly affected many countries in the world and Pakistan is being listed among the top ten of those countries. Pakistan is facing many adverse consequences due to climate change, which includes food security issues, water scarcity, temperature rise and high air pollution index. Moringa oleifera, known to be the miracle tree, has multiple advantages and can be used to combat [...]
How Should Multiple Temperature Time Series be Compared on Graphs?
Published: 2024-09-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
How temperature biases in both climate models and observations are adjusted in order to make comparisons of climate change signals has been seldom discussed, yet the choice of adjustment method has a large impact on the resulting conclusions. When the primary interest is how global warming evolves through time, how the models’ diagnosed equilibrium climate sensitivities (ECS) correlate with [...]
Al Hawi, a 4-km-wide impact structure in northern Saudi Arabia
Published: 2024-09-23
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Planetary Geology, Planetary Sciences, The Sun and the Solar System
The northern region of Saudi Arabia hosts several impact craters and structures. This paper describes the discovery of a 4-km-wide complex impact structure located in the paleozoic sedimentary rocks of northern Saudi Arabia 210 kilometers north east of the city of Tabuk. The impact structure is composed of a central peak displaying intense folding and shock metamorphism surrounded by an inner [...]
Sunken micro continents of the North Atlantic: Is the sub-basaltic Faroe Islands basement similar to the basement of the Rockall Plateau?
Published: 2024-09-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seafloor extension/stretching and associated rifting in the North Atlantic Area, which started in Early Paleogene times (From ~62 Ma), were rather complex affairs in their entireties. The pre-rift North Atlantic area was a patchwork of continental geological terrains being ‘wreckages’ from the closure of the ancient Iapetus Ocean. Current offshore areas in the North Atlantic known to harbour such [...]
Ecological Ramifications of Phosphate Extraction and Use
Published: 2024-09-21
Subjects: Life Sciences
Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource located within certain geologic reserves around the world. Morocco and the Western Sahara together account for roughly 75% of reserves, raising questions of how to more sustainably use this precious resource. Phosphorus is mined from rock and eventually converted into usable fertilizer, which is applied to croplands. This study aims, by adopting a global [...]
Challenges and Opportunities of Data Driven Advance Classification for Hard Rock TBM excavations
Published: 2024-09-21
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering
Excavation with tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) is a widely used method of tunneling in all ground types including soil and rock today. The paper addresses the shift from traditional subjective methods to data-driven approaches for advance classification of TBMs in hard rock tunnel excavation. By leveraging continuous TBM operational data, these methodologies offer more objective, transparent, [...]
Gravity affects magma-induced crustal deformation: comparing laccoliths on the Moon, Mars, and Earth
Published: 2024-09-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Planetary Sciences
Dome-shaped, uplifted surface areas and associated fractures on Mars and the Moon are inferred to result from the shallow emplacement of magma intrusions. This inference originates from analog observations of Earth’s volcanic and igneous plumbing systems. Computational models help estimate those inferred magma bodies' geometry and emplacement depth. Such models have not yet simulated the dynamic [...]
B3AM: A beamforming toolbox for three-component ambient seismic noise analysis
Published: 2024-09-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geotechnical Engineering
We introduce the code package B3AM for beamforming of three-component ambient noise array data, which is available for MATLAB and Python. We explain the theory behind three-component beamforming and polarisation analysis in particular, provide an overview of the workflow, and discuss the output using a worked example based on the MATLAB implementation. The strength of the presented code package [...]
Dynamics of the polycrisis: temporal trends, spatial distribution and co-occurrences of national shocks (1970-2019)
Published: 2024-09-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Polycrisis has emerged as a new property of the Anthropocene. Although sector-specific studies offer insights into the changing frequency and intensity of these disruptions, a comprehensive analysis remains absent, limiting a more integrated understanding of the polycrisis phenomenon. Addressing this gap, we develop and analyse a harmonized database capturing the occurrence of six categories of [...]
Very high fire danger in UK in 2022 at least 6 times more likely due to human-caused climate change
Published: 2024-09-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The UK experienced an unprecedented heatwave in 2022, with temperatures reaching 40°C for the first time in recorded history. This extreme heat was accompanied by widespread fires across London and elsewhere in England, which destroyed houses and prompted evacuations. While attribution studies have identified a strong human fingerprint contributing to the heatwave, no studies have attributed the [...]
How unusual was Australia's 2017-2019 Tinderbox Drought?
Published: 2024-09-19
Subjects: Climate