Preprints
There are 5428 Preprints listed.
Particulate nitrate photolysis as a possible driver of rising tropospheric ozone
Published: 2023-10-20
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
Tropospheric ozone is an air pollutant and a greenhouse gas whose anthropogenic production is limited principally by the supply of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from combustion. Tropospheric ozone in the northern hemisphere has been rising despite the flattening of NOx emissions in recent decades. Here we propose that this sustained increase could result from the photolysis of nitrate particles (pNO3-) [...]
Spatial standardization of taxon occurrence data—a call to action
Published: 2023-10-20
Subjects: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Statistical Methodology
The fossil record is spatiotemporally heterogeneous: taxon occurrence data have patchy spatial distributions, and this patchiness varies through time. Large-scale quantitative paleobiology studies that fail to account for heterogeneous sampling coverage will generate uninformative inferences at best and confidently draw wrong conclusions at worst. Explicitly spatial methods of standardization are [...]
A Deep Learning framework to map riverbed sand mining budgets in large tropical deltas
Published: 2023-10-20
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Education, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resource Economics, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other Environmental Sciences, Planetary Geomorphology, Planetary Sedimentology, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Rapid urbanization has dramatically increased the demand for river sand, leading to soaring sand extraction rates that often exceed natural replenishment in many rivers globally. However, our understanding of the geomorphic and social-ecological impacts arising from Sand Mining (SM) remains limited, primarily due to insufficient data on sand extraction rates. Conventionally, bathymetry surveys [...]
Presence of Emerging Contaminants and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Private Well Water
Published: 2023-10-19
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) including parent compounds, their metabolites, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their relationships to common chemical and microbial indicators have rarely been investigated for private wells. In this study, occurrence of 109 parent compounds (ECs), 29 EC metabolites, and 15 ARGs were screened in private well water samples from 57 Southwest [...]
Poroelastic Properties of Sierra White Granite
Published: 2023-10-19
Subjects: Engineering
In this work, poroelastic properties of Sierra White granite are determined, including elastic moduli, Biot's effective stress coefficient, α, and Skempton’s pore pressure coefficient, B. The Biot’s coefficient of this rock was determined using two different approaches. It is found that overall, the Biot’s coefficient decreases from 0.77 at low effective stress (3~4 MPa) to 0.45~0.55 at high [...]
Detection of Hidden Low-Frequency Earthquakes in Southern Vancouver Island with Deep Learning
Published: 2023-10-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are small-magnitude earthquakes that are depleted in high-frequency content relative to traditional earthquakes of the same magnitude. These events occur in conjunction with slow slip events (SSEs) and can be used to infer the space and time evolution of SSEs. However, because LFEs have weak signals, and the methods used to identify them are computationally [...]
Reproducing the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period Climate in the 2020s.
Published: 2023-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The current expectation of climatologists is that levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases, such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), will correspond, in the 2020s, to an increase in mean annual global near-surface atmospheric temperature of less than 1.5°C above the pre-industrial Holocene norm (1750 baseline; atmospheric CO2 = 278 ppm). This paper will argue, [...]
Global ocean spatial suitability for macroalgae offshore cultivation and sinking
Published: 2023-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Macroalgae offshore cultivation and sinking is considered a potentially practical approach for ocean-based carbon dioxide removal. However, several considerations need to be resolved to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of this approach. Currently, several studies focus on the area required for climate-relevant carbon sequestration through macroalgae cultivation and sinking without [...]
Moving graphs: Predicting barchan dune migration rates from their shapes
Published: 2023-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this study, geometric perspectives on sand dune formation and motion are summarized, introduced, and combined to predict time-averaged velocities (migration rates) of barchan dunes directly from their shapes. First, it is proposed that smaller sediment accumulations outpace larger ones due to differences in surface-to-volume ratio. This ratio is defined by a bedform’s wavelength and its [...]
Short-term magma-carbonate interaction: A modelling perspective
Published: 2023-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The short-term, syn-eruptive interaction of magma with crustal carbonates can largely affect the eruptive style and drive even low-viscosity magmas toward large explosive eruptions. Only a few studies focus on the short-term interaction and the physical processes behind the experimental observations are still poorly understood. In this work, we study for the first time the short-term [...]
Mapping the Landscape of Water and Society Research: Promising Combinations of Compatible and Complementary Disciplines
Published: 2023-10-14
Subjects: Environmental Education, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Human Geography, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Natural Resource Economics, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Physical and Environmental Geography, Spatial Science, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Coupled human-water systems (CHWS) are diverse and have been studied across a wide variety of disciplines. Integrating multiple disciplinary perspectives on CHWS provides a comprehensive and actionable understanding of these complex systems. While interdisciplinary integration has often remained elusive, specific combinations of disciplines might be comparably easier to integrate (compatible) [...]
What is coastal subsidence?
Published: 2023-10-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
While major technological advances have made measurements of coastal subsidence more sophisticated, these advances have not always been matched by a thorough examination of what is actually being measured. Here we draw attention to the widespread miscommunication about key concepts in the coastal subsidence literature, much of which revolving around the interplay between sediment accretion, [...]
Future (2015-2100) Antarctic-wide ice-shelf firn air depletion from a statistical firn emulator
Published: 2023-10-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Antarctic firn is critical for ice-shelf stability because it stores meltwater that would otherwise pond on the surface. Ponded meltwater increases the risk of hydrofracture, and subsequent potential ice-shelf collapse. Here, we use output from a firn model to build a computationally simpler emulator that uses a random forest to predict ice-shelf firn air content (FAC) based on climate [...]
Sediment supply controls on Early Eocene delta sequences (South Pyrenean Foreland Basin; Spain)
Published: 2023-10-13
Subjects: Climate, Geochemistry, Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Sediment supply variations are often overlooked when interpreting depositional sequences, which tend to emphasize changes in accommodation. Here, we focus on a temporally well-constrained shallow-marine succession in the South Pyrenean Foreland Basin to test the control of sediment supply on the development of deltaic sequences during the Early Eocene. We analyzed the paleoenvironmental record [...]
Effective Disinfection of Escherichia coli Contaminated Water Using Silver Nanoparticle-Decorated Magnetic Cobalt Cores
Published: 2023-10-12
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
In recent years, the development of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their application in wastewater treatment have emerged as highly effective disinfection methods. Wastewater treatment processes effectively remove silver particles and colloids (most processes exceed 95%), but this still leaves notable concentrations that escape to effluent-receiving waters. To address this challenge, in this [...]