Preprints
There are 6141 Preprints listed.
Partial ruptures governed by the complex interplay between geodetic slip deficit, rigidity, and pore fluid pressure in 3D Cascadia dynamic rupture simulations
Published: 2024-08-14
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Physics-based simulations are crucial to assessing the seismic hazard in the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ), requiring assumptions about fault stress and material properties. Geodetic slip deficit models (SDMs) may inform the initial stresses governing megathrust earthquake dynamics. We present a unified workflow linking SDMs to 3D dynamic rupture simulations, and 22 rupture scenarios to unravel [...]
Reduced contribution of sulfur to the mass extinction associated with the Chicxulub impact event
Published: 2024-08-14
Subjects: Planetary Sciences
The Chicxulub asteroid impact event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary ~66 Myr ago is widely considered responsible for the mass extinction event leading to the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs. Short-term cooling due to massive release of climate-active agents is hypothesized to have been crucial, with S-bearing gases originating from the target rock vaporization considered a main [...]
Novel landforms: integrating people as key drivers of process and form in geomorphology
Published: 2024-08-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geomorphology
People alter the earth’s surface in diverse and prolific ways, from enhancing physical and chemical erosion to controlling water transport across drainage networks. These modifications are often faster, more extensive, and wholly novel when compared to natural landscape evolutionary processes. Existing literature largely portrays people as independent of a landscape’s geologic and climatic [...]
The influence of wildfire smoke on ambient chemical species concentrations in the contiguous US
Published: 2024-08-14
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Wildfires are a significant contributor to ambient air pollution and pose a growing public health threat in many parts of the world. Increased wildfire activity over the past few decades has exacerbated smoke exposure across the US, yet our understanding of how wildfire influences specific chemicals and their resulting concentration in smoke remains incomplete. We combine 15 years of daily [...]
Influence of wind speed on canopy Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) measurements for forest ecosystem
Published: 2024-08-13
Subjects: Forest Sciences
Wind speed can affect the observation of canopy vegetation index. When the wind blows, plants will swing, and the spatial structure of the canopy will change. This change may affect the vegetation index measurements. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from satellite remote sensing was chosen as the index to explore the influence of wind on canopy measurements for forest ecosystems. Our [...]
A methodologically robust densification function for snow on multiyear Arctic sea ice
Published: 2024-08-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Comparative Analysis of SVM and CNN for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Published: 2024-08-13
Subjects: Computer Engineering, Computer Sciences, Other Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper presents a comparative analysis of tra- ditional machine learning methods and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for hyperspectral image classification. Utilizing the Indian Pines dataset, we explore the efficacy of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combined with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier against a deep learning approach involving CNNs. Our methodology includes [...]
GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL MAPPING OF THE CENTRAL REGION USING INTEGRATED GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL METHODS
Published: 2024-08-13
Subjects: Engineering
Surface waters are deteriorating due mainly to poor farming practices, illegal mining activities and also climate change. In the Central region this has led to a rise in the need for groundwater as potable water supply. However, the Central region is known to be characterized by unsuccessful rate of borehole drilling, which usually results in waste of time and resources. The need to delineate [...]
Influence of temperature on the residual shear strength of landslide soil: role of the clay fraction
Published: 2024-08-12
Subjects: Geology, Geotechnical Engineering
The occurrence and fate of landslides are, among other factors, controlled by the shear strength of the materials involved and by how this strength changes during the landslide process. Temperature affects the strength of pure clays according to their mineralogy, stress history, and hydro-mechanical boundary conditions. However, natural soils often consist of heterogeneous mixtures of various [...]
Rapid Fault Leakage Modeling for CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifers
Published: 2024-08-12
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Petroleum Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis
Simulating the fluid flow along fault zones at different scales is essential for predicting the CO2 leakage and containment during injection and storage. However, this can be challenging, especially in the early stages of a storage project when knowledge of the reservoir and caprock is limited and the cost of obtaining the relevant data is high. This study proposes a tool for fast screening of [...]
Reconstructing past sea-level changes from storm-built beach ridges
Published: 2024-08-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Sedimentology
Storm-built beach ridges, built by waves on sedimentary coasts, can be used as geomorphological indicators of past sea level. However, quantifying the relationship between the geomorphological elements of the ridge and the paleo sea level at the time of deposition is difficult, as a beach ridge is primarily correlated to wave energy and only secondarily to the position of sea level. In this work, [...]
Critical Review of the Article: "Evidence of Dark Oxygen Production at the Abyssal Seafloor" by Sweetman et al. in Nat. Geosci. 1–3 (2024)
Published: 2024-08-12
Subjects: Geochemistry
This review examines the findings and methodologies presented in Sweetman et al. (2024) (hereafter referred to as ‘the paper’). The paper presents findings contrasting those of all previous comparable work and has stirred international debate pertaining to deep-sea minerals. We identify significant issues in data collection, validation, and interpretation including unvalidated data collection [...]
Expanded constraints on chemical weathering reactions and carbon cycling beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet
Published: 2024-08-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ice sheets may influence the global carbon cycle by releasing chemical weathering products and carbon from basal environments. However, limited data describing subglacial biogeochemical cycles beneath Antarctic and Greenland ice leaves open fundamental questions regarding the feedbacks between climate, ice sheets, and the carbon cycle. Most notably: does subglacial chemical weathering beneath ice [...]
The turbulent dynamics of anticyclonic submesoscale headland wakes
Published: 2024-08-10
Subjects: Oceanography
Flow interacting with bathymetry has been posited to be important for dissipation and mixing in the global ocean. Despite this, there are large uncertainties regarding mixing in these environments, particularly as it pertains to the role of submesoscale structures in the dynamics and energetics. In this work we study such flows with a series of Large-Eddy simulations of a submesoscale flow past a [...]
The cyclical nature of normal fault growth: Insights from 4D analogue models
Published: 2024-08-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Exploring how normal faults evolve is important for understanding the dynamic processes underlying the initiation and evolution of rift systems. Early-stage fault growth has been largely under-explored due to resolution limitations in seismic reflection data and the lack of three-dimensional exposures in the field. Physical analogue modelling offers a unique way to visualize and analyse [...]