Preprints
There are 5428 Preprints listed.
Continental scale hydrostratigraphy: comparing geologically informed data products to analytical solutions
Published: 2023-09-12
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Geology, Hydrology
This study synthesizes two different methods for estimating hydraulic conductivity (K) at large scales. We derive analytical approaches that estimate K and apply them to the contiguous US. We then compare these analytical approaches to three-dimensional, national gridded K data products and three transmissivity (T) data products developed from publicly available sources. We evaluate these data [...]
Continental scale hydrostratigraphy: basin-scale testing of alternative data-driven approaches
Published: 2023-09-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Integrated hydrological modeling is an effective method for understanding interactions between parts of the hydrologic cycle, quantifying water resources, and furthering knowledge of hydrologic processes. However, these models are dependent on robust and accurate datasets that physically represent spatial characteristics as model inputs. This study evaluates multiple data-driven approaches for [...]
FloodGame: An Interactive 3D Serious Game on Flood Mitigation for Disaster Awareness and Education
Published: 2023-09-08
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Risk Analysis, Science and Mathematics Education
The number and devastating impacts of natural disasters have grown significantly worldwide, and floods are one of the most dangerous and frequent natural disasters. Recent studies emphasize the importance of public awareness in disaster preparedness and response activities. FloodGame is designed as a web-based interactive serious game geared towards educating K-12 and college students and raising [...]
Estimating three-dimensional displacements with InSAR: the strapdown approach
Published: 2023-09-08
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Deformation phenomena on Earth are inherently three dimensional. With SAR interferometry (InSAR), in many practical situations themaximum number of observations is two (ascending and descending), resulting in an infinite number of possible displacement estimates. Here we propose a practical solution to this underdeterminancy problem in the form of the strapdown approach.With the strapdown [...]
Soil moisture effects on InSAR - a correction approach and example from a hyper-arid region
Published: 2023-09-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present Interferometric Synthetic Aperture data spanning a series of precipitation events that impacted the southern edge of the Arabian Peninsula in 2017-2018. The arid climate, sparse vegetation and low topographic relief result in very high interferometric coherence magnitude between most pairs of dates, even for those separated by multiple years. For pairs of dates with differing soil [...]
Machine Learning in Petrology: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives
Published: 2023-09-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The present manuscript reports on the state-of-the-art and future perspectives of Machine Learning (ML) in petrology. To achieve this goal, it first introduces the basics of ML, including definitions, core concepts, and applications. Then, it starts reviewing the state-of-the-art of ML in petrology. Established applications mainly concern the so-called data-driven discovery and involve specific [...]
A Cascadia Slab Model from Receiver Functions
Published: 2023-09-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
We map the characteristic signature of the subducting Juan de Fuca and Gorda plates along the entire Cascadia forearc from northern Vancouver Island, Canada to Cape Mendocino in northern California, USA, using teleseismic receiver functions. The subducting oceanic crustal complex, possibly including subcreted material, is parameterized by three horizons capable of generating mode-converted waves: [...]
Development of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) Model for Feature Selection from Satellite Images
Published: 2023-09-07
Subjects: Other Earth Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences
Advances in space-based observation, using remotely sensed data, has proved to be an important tool to monitor the globe, including the areas inaccessible to humans. The Sundarban deltaic region, witnessing the confluence of vast expanses of tropical mangrove forests, tidal rivers, and estuaries, is one such area. Considered as one of the richest biodiversity hotspot zones on earth, home to a [...]
Mesozoic drift of the Wrangellia superterrane revisited: the way forward from paleomagnetic data
Published: 2023-09-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The allochthonous origin of the Wrangellia superterrane relative to North America has been established in the early days of plate tectonics using paleomagnetic and geological data. However, long-standing disagreement between paleomagnetic and structural studies on magnitude of northward translation of the Wrangellia superterrane during the Latest Cretaceous–earliest Cenozoic has cast doubt on the [...]
The Nexus between Access to Agricultural Extension Services and Adoption of Sustainable Soil Conservation Practices in Limu Districts, Oromia, Ethiopia
Published: 2023-09-07
Subjects: Agriculture
Provision of agricultural extension service is the primary mechanism that increases smallholder farmer’s adoption of sustainable soil conservation practices. This study was, therefore, attempted to examine the nexus between access to agricultural extension services and the adoption of sustainable soil conservation practices in western oromia in the case Limu districts. Data was collected from [...]
The Eurasian Arctic Ocean along the MOSAiC drift in 2019-2020: An interdisciplinary perspective on physical properties and processes
Published: 2023-09-07
Subjects: Oceanography
The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC, 2019--2020), a year-long drift with the Arctic sea ice, has provided the scientific community with an unprecedented, multidisciplinary dataset from the Eurasian Arctic Ocean, covering high atmosphere to deep ocean across all seasons. However, the heterogeneity of data and the superposition of spatial and temporal [...]
Recent methane surges reveal heightened emissions from tropical inundated areas
Published: 2023-09-05
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences
Reevaluating the oxidation effect of garnet crystallization
Published: 2023-09-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Garnet has been proposed to be an important fractionating phase during magmatic differentiation in thick volcanic arcs because garnet fractionation can reproduce the hallmarks of continental crust by driving residual magmas to higher silica, lower total iron, and higher iron oxidation states. Recently authors have measured the partition coefficients for Fe2+ and Fe3+ between garnet and melt and [...]
Using convex optimization to efficiently apportion tracer and pollutant sources from point concentration observations
Published: 2023-09-05
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Mathematics
Rivers transport elements, minerals, chemicals, and pollutants produced in their upstream basins. A sample from a river is a mixture of all of its upstream sources, making it challenging to pinpoint the contribution from each individual source. Here, we show how a nested sample design and convex optimization can be used to efficiently unmix downstream samples of a well-mixed, conservative tracer [...]
Evidence of subduction, collision, and extension in northern Borneo: Constraints from receiver function
Published: 2023-09-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
Northern Borneo (Sabah) has a complex geological history, experiencing multiple episodes of subduction, magmatism, uplift, subsidence, and extension since the Mesozoic. This includes the subduction of the proto-South China Sea beneath Sabah, terminating ~21 Ma; a postulated later phase of subduction of the Celebes Sea plate, terminating ~9 Ma; extension in central Sabah ~9-10Ma; rapid emplacement [...]