Preprints
There are 5427 Preprints listed.
The 2021 La Palma eruption; social dilemmas resulting from living close to an active volcano
Published: 2023-09-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Damage and destruction caused by the 2021 eruption of the Tajogaite volcano on La Palma was unprecedented relative to other historical eruptions of the last century (1909, 1949, 1971, 2011) in the Canary Islands. The devastation caused by the eruption was not a result of eruption magnitude, which was only marginally larger than other historical events, but instead of increasing vulnerability due [...]
Shifting institutional culture to develop climate solutions with Open Science
Published: 2023-09-20
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
TROPOMI/S5P sensitivity limits with respect to detection of NO2 plumes from seagoing ships
Published: 2023-09-20
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Monitoring
The marine shipping industry is among the strong emitters of nitrogen oxides (NOx) -- a substance harmful to ecology and human health. Monitoring of emissions from shipping is a significant societal task. Currently, the only technical possibility to observe NO2 emission from seagoing ships on a global scale is using TROPOMI data. A range of studies reported that NO2 plumes from some individual [...]
Reactive iron as an important reservoir of marine organic carbon over geological timescales
Published: 2023-09-20
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Microbiology
Reactive iron (FeR) has been suggested to serve as a semi-persistent sink of organic carbon (OC) in surface marine sediments, where approximately 10-20% of total OC (TOC) is associated with FeR (FeR-OC). However, the persistence of FeR-OC on geological timescales remains poorly constrained. Here, we retrieved FeR-OC records in two long sediment cores of the northern South China Sea spanning [...]
Imprint of chaos on the ocean energy cycle from an eddying North Atlantic ensemble
Published: 2023-09-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We examine the ocean energy cycle where the eddies are defined about the ensemble mean of a partially air-sea coupled, eddy-rich ensemble simulation of the North Atlantic. The decomposition about the ensemble mean leads to a parameter-free definition of eddies, which is interpreted as the expression of oceanic chaos. Using the ensemble framework, we define the reservoirs of mean and eddy kinetic [...]
Antarctic Geothermal Heat Flow, Crustal Conductivity and Heat Production Inferred From Seismological Data
Published: 2023-09-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geothermal heat flow is a key parameter in governing ice dynamics, via its influence on basal melt and sliding, englacial rheology, and erosion. It is expected to exhibit significant lateral variability across Antarctica. Despite this, surface heat flow derived from Earth's interior remains one of the most poorly constrained parameters controlling ice-sheet evolution. To obtain a continent-wide [...]
Effects on Target Geology
Published: 2023-09-15
Subjects: Planetary Sciences
The process of impact crater formation can fundamentally change the nature of target materials, creating products that can be observed from planetary-scale geophysics all the way down to mineral microstructure. Impact-generated shock waves can vaporise, melt, and permanently deform the materials they pass through. Large quantities of the target are damaged and displaced, ejecting material outside [...]
Matilda v1.0: An R package for probabilistic climate projections using a reduced complexity climate model
Published: 2023-09-15
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
A primary advantage to using reduced complexity climate models (RCMs) has been their ability to quickly conduct probabilistic climate projections, a key component of uncertainty quantification in many impact studies and multisector systems. Providing frameworks for such analyses has been a target of several RCMs used in studies of the future co-evolution of the human and Earth systems. In this [...]
Obtaining backwater length estimates in modern and ancient fluvio-deltaic settings: review and proposal of standardized workflows
Published: 2023-09-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The backwater effect (i.e. channel flow influence by a body of standing water) is used to predict down-dip changes in fluvial morphodynamics and consequent sediment distribution on delta plains. These changes include downstream fining, decrease in sinuosity, and deepening and narrowing of channel belt deposits. This study reviews existing methods for estimating backwater length in ancient and [...]
Intraplate Stress of the Pacific Plate Inferred from Global Mantle Flow Models
Published: 2023-09-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The intraplate stresses of the Earth's oceanic plates, which can be measured by geophysical and geological approaches (i.e., focal mechanisms, borehole breakouts, in situ stress measurements, fault slip analysis, volcanic vent alignments, etc.) is crucial for understanding the origin of the intraplate stress field of plate motion. The Pacific plate, which is the largest oceanic plate on Earth, [...]
Is the smoke aloft? Caveats regarding the use of the Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke product as a proxy for surface smoke presence across the United States
Published: 2023-09-14
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Background: NOAA’s Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke product comprises smoke plumes digitized from satellite imagery. Recent studies have used HMS as a proxy for surface smoke presence. Aims: We compare HMS to airport observations, air quality station measurements, and model estimates of near-surface smoke. Methods: We quantify the agreement in smoke days and trends, regional discrepancies in [...]
Robust estimates of the ratio between S- and P-wave velocity anomalies in the Earth's mantle using normal modes
Published: 2023-09-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A direct evaluation of long-term global Leaf Area Index (LAI) products using massive high-quality LAI validation samples derived from Landsat archive
Published: 2023-09-13
Subjects: Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology
The long-term global Leaf Area Index (LAI) products are critical supports for characterizing the changes in land surface and its interactions with other components of the Earth system under the dramatic global change. However, intercomparisons between current available long-term global LAI products present significant spatiotemporal inconsistencies which have been a persistent source of [...]
Enhancing Hydrological Modeling with Transformers: A Case Study for 24-Hour Streamflow Prediction
Published: 2023-09-13
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
In this paper, we address the critical task of 24-hour streamflow forecasting using advanced deep-learning models, with a primary focus on the Transformer architecture which has seen limited application in this specific task. We compare the performance of five different models, including Persistence, LSTM, Seq2Seq, GRU, and Transformer, across four distinct regions. The evaluation is based on [...]
Continental scale hydrostratigraphy: comparing geologically informed data products to analytical solutions
Published: 2023-09-12
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Geology, Hydrology
This study synthesizes two different methods for estimating hydraulic conductivity (K) at large scales. We derive analytical approaches that estimate K and apply them to the contiguous US. We then compare these analytical approaches to three-dimensional, national gridded K data products and three transmissivity (T) data products developed from publicly available sources. We evaluate these data [...]