Preprints
There are 6224 Preprints listed.
Enhanced Blocking Frequencies in Very-high Resolution Idealized Climate Model Simulations
Published: 2024-09-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Atmospheric blocking is a key dynamical phenomenon in the mid- and high latitudes, able to drive day-to-day weather changes and meteorological extremes such as heatwaves, droughts and cold waves. Current global circulation models struggle to fully capture observed blocking frequencies, likely because of their coarse horizontal resolution. Here we use convection permitting, nested idealized model [...]
Slow true polar wander around varying equatorial axes since 320 Ma
Published: 2024-09-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
True polar wander (TPW), the rotation of the solid Earth relative to the spin axis, is driven by changes in the Earth's moment of inertia induced by mantle convection and may have influenced past climate and life. Long-term TPW is typically inferred from large polar shifts in paleomagnetic apparent polar wander paths or computed directly by rotating them in a mantle reference frame. However, most [...]
A probabilistic model for coseismic vertical displacement hazard in coastal settings
Published: 2024-09-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Characterizing coastal multi-hazards in tectonically active regions requires considering possible coseismic vertical deformation. Coseismic uplift or subsidence can cause near-instantaneous meter-scale relative sea level changes that can exacerbate or reverse the effects of ongoing global sea-level rise. In this study, we developed a probabilistic model that forecasts coseismic vertical [...]
Deciphering Climate Variability Trends: Unveiling the Impact on Household Staple Crop Productivity in East Wallaga Zone, Ethiopia
Published: 2024-09-04
Subjects: Geography
This study looks at how Ethiopia's East Wallaga Zone's staple crop yields are affected by climate variability between 1990 and 2022. The main goal is to evaluate the effects of temperature and precipitation variations on the production of important crops, namely wheat and teff, in the highlands, midlands, and lowlands of various agroecological zones. The Ethiopian Meteorological Institute, [...]
Filter, Heat, Spin: A Simple and Inexpensive Method for DNA Preparation from Freshwater for use in High-Throughput Molecular Source Tracking
Published: 2024-09-04
Subjects: Research Methods in Life Sciences
Molecular source tracking (MST) can improve community health by enabling the identification of the source species of fecal bacteria contamination in waterways. However, widespread adoption of this method at a large scale is hindered by the cost of commercial extraction kits and the technical expertise required to use them. We developed a simpler, highly efficient, scalable, accessible, and [...]
The formation and evolution of Earth’s inner core.
Published: 2024-09-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Growth of the inner core provides crucial power for generating the geomagnetic field and preserves a unique record of deep Earth evolution. The classical picture of inner core growth ignores the fact that the liquid core must have been supercooled below its melting temperature to spontaneously freeze the inner core. In this review we assess the impact of supercooling on inner core formation, [...]
Investigating Rayleigh wave anisotropy in faulted media with three-component beamforming: insights from numerical models and applications for geothermal exploration
Published: 2024-09-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rayleigh waves are prevalent in the ambient seismic noise wavefield and are thus often exploited in passive seismic methods to characterise the near subsurface. In fractured or faulted media, Rayleigh waves show azimuthal anisotropy that could provide information on the fault properties. However, the exact relationship between Rayleigh wave anisotropy and true anisotropic structures is not well [...]
Signal-to-noise errors in early winter Euro-Atlantic predictions caused by weak ENSO teleconnections and pervasive North Atlantic jet biases
Published: 2024-09-03
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Long-range winter predictions over the Euro-Atlantic sector have demonstrated significant skill but suffer from systematic signal-to-noise errors. In this study we examine early winter seasonal predictability in 16 state-of-the-art seasonal forecasting systems. Models demonstrate skill in the hindcasts of the large-scale atmospheric circulation in early winter, which mostly projects onto the East [...]
Apatite as a pathfinder to tin mineralisation: prospects and caveats
Published: 2024-09-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Granite-related mineral deposits are major primary sources of the critical metals tin (Sn) and lithium (Li). The utility of accessory minerals such as zircon and apatite as pathfinders to these ore deposits has been a subject of great interest in recent years, with a number of geochemical discriminants having been developed to distinguish barren from metal-fertile and mineralised intrusions. [...]
Understanding the Importance of Stellar Birth and Evolution for a Comprehensive Understanding of the Sun and Other Stars
Published: 2024-09-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Stars are massive, luminous celestial bodies that are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium gas, as well as other trace elements. Considered as the building blocks of galaxies, including our own Milky Way, and play a crucial role in the formation and evolution of the universe. In the context of the solar system, the Sun is the most important star. It is the center of the solar system, around [...]
Earlier streamflow in a snow-dwindling world
Published: 2024-09-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Impacts of climate change on water resources tend to be significant in regions where streamflow is substantially sourced as snowmelt from snowpacks1,2. In these areas, as the climate warms and the fraction of precipitation falling as snow (snow fraction, f_s) shrinks, streamflow is generally shifting toward earlier in the year by way of earlier snowmelt and increased proportional rainfall1,3,4. [...]
Whose Priorities? Examining Inequities in Earth Observation Advancements Across Africa
Published: 2024-08-31
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Earth Observation (EO) technology continues to gain momentum for applications like crop monitoring and food security mapping across Africa. However, the development of these systems and the direction of the sector, even for locally relevant datasets, applications, and solutions, has been and remains largely externally driven. We utilized a database of "leading organizations" in EO for Machine [...]
A 40-Year Remote Sensing Analysis of Spatiotemporal Temperature and Rainfall Patterns in Senegal
Published: 2024-08-31
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate change impacts manifest differently worldwide, with many African countries, including Senegal, being particularly vulnerable. The decline in ground observations and limited access to these observations continue to impede research efforts to understand, plan, and mitigate the current and future impacts of climate change. This occurs at a time of rapid growth in Earth observations (EO) [...]
Distinguishing natural sources from anthropogenic noise in seismic data
Published: 2024-08-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
Were the Newdigate Earthquakes, Southern England, of 2018-2019 triggered by oil extraction?
Published: 2024-08-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The ability to attribute earthquakes to specific causes is challenging. The 2018-2019 earthquake swarm in Newdigate, Surrey, Southern England, coincides with local oil extraction at Horse Hill. Nevertheless, it remains debated whether these earthquakes were triggered by oil extraction or whether they were coincidental. Due to the onset of seismic activity before major oil extraction and the lack [...]