Preprints
There are 5647 Preprints listed.
Dye tracing of upward brine migration in snow
Published: 2023-12-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The presence of salt in the snow overlying seasonal sea ice has profound thermodynamic and electromagnetic effects. However, the way that it arrives and is distributed within the marine snowpack remains poorly understood and modelled. We describe two experiments tracing upward brine movement in snow: one laboratory experiment at Rothera research station, West Antarctica, and a field experiment in [...]
Open-source approach for reproducible substrate mapping using semantic segmentation on recreation-grade side scan sonar datasets
Published: 2023-12-21
Subjects: Analysis, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Databases and Information Systems, Environmental Monitoring, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Programming Languages and Compilers, Software Engineering, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, Water Resource Management
Knowledge of the variation and distribution of substrates at large spatial extents in aquatic systems, particularly rivers, is severely lacking, impeding species conservation and ecosystem restoration efforts. Air and space-borne remote sensing important for terrestrial and atmospheric measurements are limited in benthic environments due to river stage, turbidity, and canopy cover, requiring [...]
On sea ice emission modeling for MOSAiC's L-band radiometric measurements
Published: 2023-12-21
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The retrieval of sea ice thickness using L-band passive remote sensing requires robust models for emission from sea ice. In this work, measurements obtained from surface-based radiometers during the MOSAiC expedition are assessed with the Burke, Wilheit and SMRT radiative transfer models. These models encompass distinct methodologies: radiative transfer with/without wave coherence effects, and [...]
Investigation of Liquefaction Potential in Sands Mixed with Gravel
Published: 2023-12-21
Subjects: Engineering
Liquefaction is one of the significant hazards associated with earthquakes. It was previously believed to occur mostly in clean sands; however, recent research has shown that liquefaction can occur in specific conditions in sands mixed with fine or coarse particles. Numerous studies have been conducted on clean sand, while limited research has focused on sands mixed with silt. Nevertheless, the [...]
MoonIndex, an Open-Source Tool to Generate Spectral Indexes for the Moon from M3 Data
Published: 2023-12-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Spectral indexes are tools widely used to analyze the composition of planetary surfaces. Many indexes have been formulated over the years to map the lunar surface, but there is no unified database for them. In this work we describe an Open-Source Python package called MoonIndex, that recreates thirty-eight indexes compiled from the literature, using data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3). The [...]
Sustainable Living Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Key Studies on Zero Energy Homes
Published: 2023-12-21
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
The journey to achieve Net Zero Energy in residential areas has progressed slowly. However, in recent times, the research behind accessing Net Zero has become more consistent. This paper discusses the steps to be taken in terms of technology, energy consumption, and energy efficiency to reach the goal of Net Zero. The timeline has been changed throughout discovering new and improved ways to [...]
Shortening and extrusion in the East Anatolian Plateau: how was Neogene Arabia-Europe convergence tectonically accommodated?
Published: 2023-12-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Deformation in orogenic belts is typically widely distributed but may be localized to form discrete, fast-moving fault zones enclosing semi-rigid microplates. An example is the Anatolian microplate, which is extruding westwards from the East Anatolian Plateau in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone along the North and East Anatolian Faults that cause devastating earthquakes, including the February [...]
Zero Energy Homes: Definitions, Design Considerations, Challenges, and Real-world Applications
Published: 2023-12-21
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
In the pursuit of sustainable living, Zero Energy Homes (ZEHs) have emerged as a promising solution to mitigate the carbon footprint of residential housing. This review paper explores the multifaceted realm of ZEHs by examining diverse definitions, design considerations, challenges, and real-world applications. The lack of standardized definitions is addressed, encompassing variations from [...]
Comprehensive Analysis of Riverine Flood Impact on Bridge and Transportation Network: Iowa Case Study
Published: 2023-12-20
Subjects: Environmental Engineering
Floods often have a catastrophic impact on human life in terms of economic loss, infrastructure damage, and loss of life. Transportation network resilience is one of the critical aspects of supply lines for delivering goods and services during and after disaster events. Understanding vulnerable transportation segments is critical to addressing potential disruptions that may be caused by a flood [...]
Field testing autogenic storage thresholds for environmental signals in the strata of the Mississippi River Delta, U.S.A.
Published: 2023-12-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sediments transported from source terrains to depositional sinks carry environmental signals, which may or may not be preserved in stratigraphy. Recently developed theory suggests storage thresholds for environmental signals are set by the internal dynamics of sediment transport systems. For the first time, we explore this theory by testing whether changes in relative sea level (RSL) of various [...]
Role of Indonesian Archipelago on Global Thermohaline Circulation: Insights from Numerical Experiments
Published: 2023-12-19
Subjects: Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study employs the cGENIE Earth System Model to investigate the effects of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and Indonesian Archipelago (IA) closure on global meridional thermohaline circulation (THC). Over a simulated period of 10,000 years, the analysis centers on critical variables, including surface density, vertical density profiles, global overturning circulation, and ocean ventilation [...]
A Hybrid Pore-Network-Continuum Modeling Framework for Flow and Transport in 3D Digital Images of Porous Media
Published: 2023-12-18
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Understanding flow and transport in multiscale porous media is challenging due to the presence of a wide range of pore sizes. Recent imaging advances offer high-resolution characterization of the multiscale pore structures. However, simulating flow and transport in 3D digital images requires models to represent both the resolved and sub-resolution pore structures. Here, we develop a hybrid [...]
On the economic feasibility of tidal range power plants
Published: 2023-12-17
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computational Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
The wave potential energy associated with tides presents a promising sustainable energy resource. Uncertainties on the economic case of tidal range power plants are a known bottleneck hindering the development of the industry. Significant costs depend on each design's general arrangement, which includes both mechanical components and the associated civil works. Research on tidal range structures [...]
Assessing recent thaw and subsidence of peatland permafrost in coastal Labrador, northeastern Canada
Published: 2023-12-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ground temperatures have been monitored since 2014 in four shallow boreholes (up to 5.7 m deep) drilled in palsas along the southeastern Labrador Sea coastline. This borehole network is critical for monitoring the effects of climate change on the terrestrial cryosphere and includes some of the southernmost coastal permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere. In this region, there are very few published [...]
Untangling intercropping in heterogeneous smallholder maize-cassava farming systems with remote sensing
Published: 2023-12-15
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Earth observation approaches for large-scale crop monocultures are often not transferable to heterogeneous smallholder systems. Key challenges in this regard are intercropping, high intra-field crop type variability, wide sowing windows, presence of non-crop vegetation and small but variable field sizes. Currently, studies on smallholder agriculture mainly focus on specific crops and seldom [...]