Preprints
There are 5976 Preprints listed.
Projection of spatially explicit land use scenarios for the São Francisco River Basin, Brazil
Published: 2024-05-15
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Future land use change in the São Francisco River Basin (SFRB) is critical to the future of regional climate and biodiversity, given the large heterogeneity among the four climate types within the basin. These changes in SFRB depend on the link between global and national factors due to its role as one of the world's major exporters of raw materials and national to local institutional, [...]
Global Warming is Industrially Suppressed Middle-School Science
Published: 2024-05-15
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The 15\% of the American public that denies global warming probably used middle-school science texts in which the topic was omitted at the behest of Big Oil. We attempt to remedy this with a simple explanation of the process, in which the 33°C difference between the Stefan-Bolzmann astrophysical -18°C temperature of the solar-heated planet and the Weather Bureau's comfortable 15°C sea-level [...]
Archetypal flow regime change classes as signatures of anthropogenic drivers of global streamflow alterations
Published: 2024-05-14
Subjects: Hydrology
Streamflow – a key component of the water cycle – is experiencing drastic alteration due to human actions. While existing studies have widely assessed the global extent and degree of this change, understanding of its drivers has been limited because previous global-scale approaches have largely relied on modelled hypothetical scenarios. Here, we overcome these limitations by providing a [...]
Direct observations of transient weakening during phase transformations in quartz and olivine
Published: 2024-05-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Mineral Physics, Tectonics and Structure
Phase transformations are widely invoked as a source of rheological weakening during subduction, continental collision, mantle convection, and various other geodynamic phenomena. However, despite more than half a century of research, the likelihood and magnitude of such weakening in nature remain poorly constrained. Here, we use experiments performed on a synchrotron beamline to reveal transient [...]
Ultramafic Melt Viscosity: A Model
Published: 2024-05-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
A non-Arrhenian model for the Newtonian viscosity (η) of ultramafic melts is presented. The model predicts the viscosity of ultramafic melts as a function of temperature (T), pressure (P), H2O content and for a range of melt compositions (70 < Mg# < 100). The calibration consists of 63 viscosity measurements at ambient pressure for 20 individual melt compositions and 5 high-P measurements [...]
Towards A Smart City Concept - Machine Learning Smarts for the Estimation of Future Temperature Rise in Tabuk City
Published: 2024-05-11
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In the Middle Eastern peninsula especially in Saudi Arabia, there is a varsity temperature variation among the individual regions. As far as the city of Tabuk is concerned, no study has been conducted, regarding climate change (the temperature rise) in the Tabuk region and its implications on society and for the flagship “Future Smart Cities” concept. In this paper, machine learning algorithms [...]
Soil organic and inorganic carbon interactions under tillage and cover cropping determine potential for carbon accumulation in temperate, calcareous soils
Published: 2024-05-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The global soil carbon pool comprises soil organic carbon (SOC), found in almost all soils, and soil inorganic carbon (SIC), in calcareous soils. Despite their agricultural significance, calcareous soils, mostly prevalent in drylands and often alkaline, are historically understudied. Using soils obtained from a decade-long, fully factorial field experiment located on temperate, near neutral pH, [...]
Permafrost thaw subsidence, sea-level rise, and erosion are transforming Alaska’s Arctic coastal zone
Published: 2024-05-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate warming is causing rapid coastal change in the Arctic. Permafrost thaw subsidence, sea-level rise, and erosion each threaten the Arctic nearshore. These agents of change have received unequal attention and their compound impact remains poorly understood. Alaska's Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) is ideal for addressing this knowledge gap due to the region’s relatively abundant observational [...]
Misconceptions in the application of the Arrhenius equation to plastics - environmental degradation of plastics unlikely below their glass transition temperature
Published: 2024-05-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The term ‘’plastic’’ is derived from the Greek word ''plastikos'', meaning fit for moulding, highlighting the main feature that makes plastics so useful, i.e., their malleability during manufacture, allowing plastics to be formed into a variety of shapes such as bottles, bags and straws1. However, this malleability is temperature-dependent requiring the constituent polymers to be in the molten [...]
Global assessment of directional effects in the inter-calibration of optical satellite instruments with the TRUTHS mission
Published: 2024-05-10
Subjects: Engineering
Upcoming SI-Traceable Satellite (SITSat) missions such as TRUTHS aim to achieve an unprecented accuracy for SI-traceable measurements of the Earth-reflected radiation. These measurements will support the generation of low uncertainty climate records and significantly improve the calibration of other sensors. In such a context, the uncertainty will be limited by the calibration transfer process [...]
Unlocking A Global Ocean Mixing Dataset: toward Standardization of Seismic-derived Ocean Mixing Rates
Published: 2024-05-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Turbulent mixing is vital for water transformation in the ocean and sustains the global thermohaline circulation. Despite decades of global observations using different platforms, our understanding of ocean turbulence is still limited. More observations are needed to better characterize the spatio-temporal distribution of mixing to reduce uncertainties in climate models. Marine seismic reflection [...]
Identification of a Potential Geothermal Resource in Colombia through the Application of Geoelectric and time-domain Electromagnetic Methods at the Aguas de Vichy Spring in the Municipality of San Andrés, Santander
Published: 2024-05-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The Aguas de Vichy thermal spring (SAN-001), identified by the Colombian Geological Service (SGC) and located in Santander, Colombia, represents a significant but underexplored geothermal resource. This study presents the first geophysical imaging of the system, integrating Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Induced Polarization (IP), and Time-Domain Electromagnetics (TDEM) to characterize [...]
A Review of Machine Learning in Snow Water Equivalent Monitoring
Published: 2024-05-09
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Databases and Information Systems, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
In recent years, the scientific community focused on snow dynamics has witnessed a surge in efforts aimed at enhancing Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) monitoring capabilities, largely propelled by the incorporation of Machine Learning (ML) techniques. This comprehensive review delves into the current state of research within this evolving domain, shedding light on the indispensable role of precise [...]
Winter subglacial meltwater detected in a Greenland fjord
Published: 2024-05-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The interaction between glacier fronts and ocean waters is one of the key uncertainties for projecting future ice mass loss. Direct observations at glacier fronts are sparse, but studies indicate that the magnitude and timing of freshwater fluxes are crucial in determining fjord circulation, ice frontal melt and ecosystem habitability. In particular, wintertime dynamics are severely understudied [...]
Remote sensing and spatial analysis reveal unprecedented cyanobacteria bloom dynamics associated with elephant mass mortality
Published: 2024-05-07
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
The 2020 mass mortality of 350 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Botswana sparked global concern, with cyanotoxins in watering holes (pans) being a suspected cause, though evidence remains inconclusive. Combining remote sensing and spatial analysis, we examined the relationship between the ecohydrology of ~3,000 pans and the locations of deceased elephants. Our analysis revealed a [...]