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Preprints

There are 5647 Preprints listed.

Formation of giant Siberian gas emission craters (GECs)

Helge Hellevang, Mats Rouven Ippach, Sebastian Westermann, et al.

Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

The recent discovery of eight giant gas escape craters (GECs) in the Russian Yamal and Gydan peninsulas has challenged researchers for the past decade. Despite numerous proposed models, ranging from meteor impacts to gas explosions, none provide a comprehensive explanation for why the GECs are found only in this specific region. This study proposes a new general model for the formation of GECs in [...]

Methods for assessing Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) biomass sinking rates and decomposition for carbon dioxide removal applications

Sebastian Jian Ernst Krause, Sara Matsumura, Chance James English, et al.

Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Life Sciences

One promising carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy to achieve negative emissions of carbon dioxide is the sinking of farmed seaweed into the ocean where it may be sequestered. Methods to quantify the sinking rates, degradation rates and the release of degradation products from kelp is fundamental to understanding the durability of the strategy if applied to scale. The aim of this white paper is [...]

PHOTOMOB: AUTOMATED GIS METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF FRACTIONAL GRAIN DYNAMICS IN GRAVEL BED RIVERS. PART 1: GRAIN SIZE

Fanny Ville, Damià Vericat, Ramon J. Batalla, et al.

Published: 2023-12-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Water Resource Management

Particle entrainment intensity is spatially and temporally variable, making it a complex phenomenon to measure. This paper is the first of a pair, in which we present an automated image processing procedure (PhotoMOB) for monitoring the mobility/stability of gravel river beds. The method is based on local comparison of the shape of the grains identified at the same coordinates between successive [...]

PhotoMOB: Automated GIS method for estimation of fractional grain dynamics in gravel bed rivers. Part 2: Bed stability and fractional mobility

Fanny Ville, Damià Vericat, Ramon J. Batalla, et al.

Published: 2023-12-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Water Resource Management

Bed mobility and stability are spatially and temporally variable, making it a complex phenomenon to study. This paper is the second of a pair, in which we present an automated image processing procedure for monitoring the mobility/stability of gravel river beds. The method is based on local comparison of the shape of the grains identified at the same coordinates between successive photos to [...]

3D diffusion of water in melt inclusion-bearing olivine phenocrysts

Euan James Forsyth Mutch, Megan Newcombe, John F Rudge

Published: 2023-12-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Olivine-hosted melt inclusions are an important archive of pre-eruptive processes such as magma storage, mixing and subsequent ascent through the crust. However, this record can be modified by post entrapment diffusion of H+ through the olivine lattice. Existing studies often use spherical or 1D models to track melt inclusion dehydration that fail to account for complexities in geometry, [...]

Data-space cross-validation of global tomographic models to assess mantle structure underneath the Pacific Ocean

Mathurin D. Wamba, Frederik J. Simons, Jessica C. E. Irving

Published: 2023-12-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Seismic tomography is a principal method for studying deep mantle plume structure. Imaging Earth's wavespeed anomalies is conditioned by seismic wave sampling, and the uneven distribution of receiving stations worldwide leaves several candidate plumes beneath various hotspots across the globe poorly resolved. We regionally evaluate two full-waveform global tomography wavespeed models, GLAD-M25 [...]

Never train an LSTM on a single basin

Frederik Kratzert, Martin Gauch, Daniel Klotz, et al.

Published: 2023-12-05
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Machine learning (ML) has an increasing role in the hydrological sciences, and in particular, certain types of time series modeling strategies are popular for rainfall-runoff modeling. A large majority of studies that use this type of model do not follow best practices, and there is one mistake in particular that is very common: training deep learning models on small, homogeneous data sets (i.e., [...]

FluxFormer: Upscaled global gross primary productivity from eddy covariance data with multivariate timeseries Transformer

Anh Phan, Hiromichi Fukui

Published: 2023-12-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Accurate terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates are crucial for developing effective climate change policies. However, quantifying GPP is challenging due to sparse ground observations and the complexity of plant functional types (PFTs). In this study, we address these challenges by evaluating various aspects of a data-driven model, including the architecture of time series deep [...]

Geomorphology and Morphogenesis of the Non-siliceous, Non-aqueous Fluvial Systems of Titan: A Review

Robert Timothy Scheffer

Published: 2023-12-05
Subjects: Planetary Geomorphology

Titan is the only moon known in the solar system to possess not only an atmosphere, but an active weather cycle, tectonics, and erosive geomorphology. This weather cycle involves primarily liquid alkanes of methane and ethane (along with photochemical alterations of said compounds). Such liquid alkanes are the constituents through which stable bodies of liquid have been observed on Titan. These [...]

Precipitation Inequality Exacerbates Streamflow Inequality, but Dams Moderate it

Sai Kiran Kuntla, Manabendra Saharia, Samar Prakash, et al.

Published: 2023-12-04
Subjects: Engineering

Access to clean water is a fundamental human right, yet millions worldwide face the dire consequences of water scarcity and inadequate sanitation. Water inequality, characterized by disparities in access and availability of water resources, has emerged as a critical global challenge with far-reaching social, economic, and environmental implications. Using a globally representative observational [...]

The Certainty of Uncertainty in Atmospheric CO2 Removal: A Crisis-Response Abrupt Mitigation Scenario (CRAMS)

Anqi Chen, Bo-Lin Lin

Published: 2023-12-04
Subjects: Climate, Sustainability

The gap between current emission trend and the expected 1.5 °C warming target forces the deployment of different carbon dioxide removal technologies (CDRs). Even though large discrepancies and uncertainties presents in studies investigating the CDR potentials, costs and side effects of bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), direct air capture with CO2 storage (DACCS) and enhanced [...]

Multiple dikes make eruptions easy

Agust Gudmundsson

Published: 2023-12-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Dikes supply magma to most volcanic eruptions. Understanding how propagating dikes may, or may not, reach the surface is thus one of the fundamental tasks for volcanology. Many, perhaps most, dike segments injected from magma sources do not reach the surface to feed volcanic eruptions. Instead, the dike segments become arrested (stop their propagation), commonly at or close to contacts between [...]

Towards an Integrated Texture Toolkit, 1: Unveiling the Complex Relationship Between Crystal Size, Shape, and Fabric in EBSD Data

Ryan Michael Currier, Tushar Mittal, Paulo Hidalgo

Published: 2023-12-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Rock textures observed via thin section are skewed from their true 3D nature. This is due to a variety of cut effects—artifacts that are introduced due to the lower dimensional nature of the thin section relative to the rock. Typically, these methods invert crystal shape and crystal size, but with each process performed separately and in sequence. With the ongoing adoption of electron backscatter [...]

The Rhyolite Factory: Insights from rhyolite-MELTS geobarometry of plutonic rocks and associated volcanics

Guilherme Augusto Rosa Gualda, Calvin F Miller, Blake M Wallrich

Published: 2023-12-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Magmatic systems feed eruptions to the surface; lead to the formation of ore deposits; provide energy for geothermal systems; and are key to Earth’s differentiation. While it is commonly accepted that silicic magmatic systems span much of the crust, little direct evidence is available for their vertical continuity (or lack thereof), or for the distribution of melt within them. We focus on [...]

On the origin of alkali feldspar megacrysts in granitoids. Part 2: evidence for nucleation and growth under magmatic conditions from crystal size distributions of the Cathedral Peak Granodiorite, California, USA

Susanne Seitz, Guilherme Augusto Rosa Gualda, Lydia Harmon

Published: 2023-12-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences

The mechanisms whereby alkali feldspar megacrysts form have been debated for several decades; yet, we do not understand well the processes that lead to their formation. We take advantage of glacially polished outcrop surfaces from the Cathedral Peak Granodiorite in the Tuolumne Intrusive Complex, CA to quantitatively characterize alkali feldspar textures, to provide better insight into their [...]

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