Preprints
There are 6306 Preprints listed.
Challenges and Opportunities of Data Driven Advance Classification for Hard Rock TBM excavations
Published: 2024-09-21
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering
Excavation with tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) is a widely used method of tunneling in all ground types including soil and rock today. The paper addresses the shift from traditional subjective methods to data-driven approaches for advance classification of TBMs in hard rock tunnel excavation. By leveraging continuous TBM operational data, these methodologies offer more objective, transparent, [...]
Gravity affects magma-induced crustal deformation: comparing laccoliths on the Moon, Mars, and Earth
Published: 2024-09-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Planetary Sciences
Dome-shaped, uplifted surface areas and associated fractures on Mars and the Moon are inferred to result from the shallow emplacement of magma intrusions. This inference originates from analog observations of Earth’s volcanic and igneous plumbing systems. Computational models help estimate those inferred magma bodies' geometry and emplacement depth. Such models have not yet simulated the dynamic [...]
B3AM: A beamforming toolbox for three-component ambient seismic noise analysis
Published: 2024-09-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geotechnical Engineering
We introduce the code package B3AM for beamforming of three-component ambient noise array data, which is available for MATLAB and Python. We explain the theory behind three-component beamforming and polarisation analysis in particular, provide an overview of the workflow, and discuss the output using a worked example based on the MATLAB implementation. The strength of the presented code package [...]
Dynamics of the polycrisis: temporal trends, spatial distribution and co-occurrences of national shocks (1970-2019)
Published: 2024-09-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Polycrisis has emerged as a new property of the Anthropocene. Although sector-specific studies offer insights into the changing frequency and intensity of these disruptions, a comprehensive analysis remains absent, limiting a more integrated understanding of the polycrisis phenomenon. Addressing this gap, we develop and analyse a harmonized database capturing the occurrence of six categories of [...]
Very high fire danger in UK in 2022 at least 6 times more likely due to human-caused climate change
Published: 2024-09-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The UK experienced an unprecedented heatwave in 2022, with temperatures reaching 40°C for the first time in recorded history. This extreme heat was accompanied by widespread fires across London and elsewhere in England, which destroyed houses and prompted evacuations. While attribution studies have identified a strong human fingerprint contributing to the heatwave, no studies have attributed the [...]
How unusual was Australia's 2017-2019 Tinderbox Drought?
Published: 2024-09-19
Subjects: Climate
Atlantic will tear us apart: sand provenance correlation of Early Cretaceous aeolian strata from the conjugate margins of Africa and South America
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Twyfelfountein Formation in Namibia and the Botucatu Formation in East South America represent a single dune-field separated through rifting of Gondwana during the Cretaceous. The Early Cretaceous Botucatu desert was the last depositional system operating in the Gondwanan heartland prior to continental drift initiated by the Paraná-Etendeka large igneous province. The dry-aeolian dunes, [...]
Contributions to the discussion of novel detection of dark oxygen production at the abyssal seafloor
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences
There is an overwhelming consensus between researchers based on a vast body of peer-reviewed literature that deep sea ecosystems constitute an oxygen sink. Specific studies on abyssal seafloor regions that contain polymetallic nodules have also confirmed this result. In contrast to this well-founded and longstanding paradigm, Sweetman et al. claim to provide evidence to support a hypothesis that [...]
Xdas: a Python Framework for Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Xdas is a Python library designed to manipulate Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data. It provides a unified abstraction for reading any DAS file format into a standardized Python object, streamlining data handling across different acquisition systems. To address the challenge of massive, multi-file datasets, Xdas aggregates data chunks into virtually contiguous arrays organized by instrument [...]
Analysis of Earthquake Detection Using Deep Learning: Evaluating Reliability and Uncertainty in Prediction Methods
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study evaluates the performance and reliability of earthquake detection using the EQTransformer, a novel deep learning program that is widely used in seismological observatories and research for enhancing earthquake catalogs. We test the EQTransformer capabilities and uncertainties using seismic data from the Volcanological and Seismological Observatory of Costa Rica and compare two [...]
The fate of nitrogen in deep magma oceans
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Nitrogen is important in planetary evolution because it is essential to life and the most abundant element in Earth’s atmosphere. Here, we investigate how core formation affects the distribution of N within accreting terrestrial planets. We conducted laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments (LH-DAC) over a wide range of high pressure–temperature-compositional (PTX) conditions (38–103 GPa, [...]
Guidelines for Sensitivity Analyses in Process Simulations for Solid Earth Geosciences
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Education, Partial Differential Equations, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Science and Mathematics Education, Tectonics and Structure
Numerical simulations are widely used as tools to understand processes or to make predictions about states and their evolution in time. However, in the process of a simulation setup, a multitude of choices and simplifications have to be made - beginning from the definition of the implemented physical laws, over model discretization and spatial parameterisation, to the definition of initial and [...]
The Role of Islands in Sea Ice Transport Through Nares Strait
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Nares Strait is an important export pathway of sea ice, where its transport is highly intermittent due to the formation and collapse of sea ice arches. The islands in the strait, especially Hans Island, contribute to heightened collision forces between distinct ice floes and the land. However, since even state-of-the-art climate models remain relatively coarse and use continuous sea ice rheology, [...]
A new expression for fluid factor using AVO intercept and gradient: theory and application on deep marine reservoir
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Numerous AVO fluid indicators have been introduced and proven to be sensitive to hydrocarbon presence. Mathematically, fluid indicators measure the deviation of seismic responses of hydrocarbon-saturated reservoirs from their background in a specific domain. We introduce a new expression for the fluid factor commonly used in AVO analysis and interpretation. The expression is a function of common [...]
The impacts of climate hazards on sanitation experiences of people with disabilities in Bangladesh: A mixed-methods study
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Public Health
Human-induced climate change, marked by frequent and severe climate hazards, damages water and sanitation facilities, limiting safe and independent access for people with disabilities. In Bangladesh, where 8% of the population has a disability, the challenges are heightened by climate hazards, including cyclones and floods. Evidence on how these hazards affect the sanitation experiences of [...]