Preprints
There are 5428 Preprints listed.
The Whakamaru Magmatic System (Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand), Part 2: Evidence from ignimbrite deposits for pre-eruptive distribution of melt-dominated magma and magma mushes
Published: 2023-08-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The complex volcanology and petrology of the Whakamaru volcanic deposits in Aotearoa New Zealand have thus far obscured the number of eruptive phases and the relative timing of these eruption(s). We investigate pumice clasts from multiple localities to elucidate the relative timing of the eruptions, with a focus on the pre-eruptive conditions of the melt-dominated magma bodies that fed the [...]
The Whakamaru Magmatic System (Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand), Part 1: Evidence from tephra deposits for the eruption of multiple magma types through time
Published: 2023-08-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Whakamaru group eruptions (349 ± 4 ka; Downs et al., 2014) are the largest known eruptions in the history of the young Taupō Volcanic Zone, Aotearoa New Zealand. The complex field relationships of the ignimbrites have thus far obscured the timing and history of their eruption(s). We present new evidence from fall deposits correlated with the Whakamaru eruptions to complement the ignimbrite [...]
Global trade and the resilience of food supply to extreme weather exposure
Published: 2023-08-31
Subjects: Agriculture, Physical and Environmental Geography, Sustainability
Climate change is increasing the risk of extreme weather events, potentially threatening crop yields and global food security. A key benefit of international trade is risk sharing, because global aggregate production is more stable than that of individual countries which may be adversely affected by extremes. However, countries vary in the degree to which they source commodities from trading [...]
Comprehensive review of geomechanics of underground hydrogen storage in depleted reservoirs and salt caverns
Published: 2023-08-31
Subjects: Applied Mechanics, Earth Sciences
Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier for a low-carbon future energy system, as it can be stored on a megaton scale (equivalent to TWh of energy) in subsurface reservoirs. However, safe and efficient underground hydrogen storage requires a thorough understanding of the geomechanics of the host rock under fluid pressure fluctuations. In this context, we summarize the current state of knowledge [...]
Knowledge Graphs for Seismic Data and Metadata
Published: 2023-08-31
Subjects: Databases and Information Systems, Geophysics and Seismology
The increasing scale and diversity of seismic data, and the growing role of big data in seismology, has raised interest in methods to make data exploration more accessible. This paper presents the use of knowledge graphs (KGs) for representing seismic data and metadata to improve data exploration and analysis, focusing on usability, flexibility, and extensibility. Using constraints derived from [...]
Independent estimates of net carbon uptake in croplands: UAV-LiDAR and machine learning vs. eddy-covariance
Published: 2023-08-30
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding sequestration of organic carbon (C) in agroecosystems is of primary importance for greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting in managed ecosystems, reducing the environmental footprint of land use, and inform crediting programs. However, a broader application of precise C accounting is currently constrained by a limited number of direct flux measurements. Aside well-studied ecosystems via [...]
Generation of LOMU type alkali basalts in East Asia by melting and melt metasomatism of the asthenospheric mantle by a Paleoproterozoic subducted slab component
Published: 2023-08-30
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology, Volcanology
The origin of alkali basalts with distinctive time-integrated low U/Pb (low µ, LOMU) from East Asia is controversial due to the complex geochemical and tectonic signatures reported from this region. We report new data on the petrology and geochemistry of the Higashi-Matsuura and Kita-Matsuura alkali basalts from southwest Japan, which confirm the presence of a LOMU-type mantle component below the [...]
Yield strength determination based on dissipative energetic transition
Published: 2023-08-30
Subjects: Applied Mechanics, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences
Mechanical yield strength is one of the most crucial mechanical properties to consider to remain operating in safe elastic regimes. Despite its importance, it remains ambiguous to measure as different disciplines acknowledge different definitions. Most common examples include the deviation from linear elasticity or the peak stress. This difference has significant consequences for the modelling of [...]
What can radar-based measures of subglacial hydrology tell us about basal shear stress? A case study at Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica
Published: 2023-08-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ice sheet models use observations to infer basal shear stress, but the variety of methods and datasets available has resulted in a wide range of estimates. Radar-based metrics such as reflectivity and specularity content have been used to characterize subglacial hydrologic conditions that are linked to spatial variations in basal shear stress. We explore whether radar metrics can be used to [...]
Changing Water Supplies and Solutions to the Water Crisis: An Earth Systems Analysis of the American Southwest
Published: 2023-08-27
Subjects: Water Resource Management
The pressing issue of water scarcity in the Southwestern United States has been a topic of increasing concern in recent years. To address this critical problem, this research-driven essay aims to conduct an in-depth earth systems analysis to evaluate the complexities and implications of water shortages in the region. The study centers on three main objectives: (1) identifying the underlying [...]
Lithium isotope constraints on the plumeworld hypothesis for the Marinoan Snowball Earth
Published: 2023-08-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Snowball Earth hypothesis predicts that continental chemical weathering was curtailed substantially during but rebounded strongly after the Marinoan ice age some 635 million years ago. Defrosting the planet would result in a plume of fresh glacial meltwater with a different chemical composition than underlying hypersaline seawater, generating an onshore-offshore geochemical gradient. Here we [...]
Monogenetic volcanoes as windows into transcrustal mush: A case study of Slamet and Loyang volcanoes, Central Java
Published: 2023-08-26
Subjects: Volcanology
Monogenetic volcanic "fields (MVFs) are commonly associated with long-lived polygenetic composite volcanoes in many tectonic settings. The association between polygenetic and monogenetic volcanoes has raised questions as to the source of monogenetic melts – specifically, whether they are derived from the transcrustal mush underlying a nearby polygenetic volcano, or from a different batch of [...]
Quantifying salinity in heterogeneous coastal aquifers through ERT and IP: insights from laboratory and field investigations
Published: 2023-08-25
Subjects: Engineering
The lithological and stratigraphical heterogeneity of coastal aquifers has a great influence on saltwater intrusion (SI). This makes it difficult to predict SI pathways and their persistence in time. In this context, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and induced polarization (IP) methods are receiving increasing attention regarding the discrimination between saltwater-bearing and clayey [...]
Bacteriological quality of household drinking water and cholera risk in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana
Published: 2023-08-25
Subjects: Public Health
Background The bacteriological quality of drinking water plays a critical role in preventing waterborne diseases. In Ghana, there is water scarcity and many communities depend on contaminated water sources for their domestic use. This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of household drinking water in both cholera endemic and non-endemic areas in Greater Accra Region. Methods A [...]
Sea Ice Loss, Water Vapor Increases, and Their Interactions with Atmospheric Energy Transport in Driving Seasonal Polar Amplification
Published: 2023-08-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The ice-albedo feedback associated with sea ice loss contributes to polar amplification, while the water vapor feedback contributes to tropical amplification of surface warming. However, these feedbacks are not independent of atmospheric energy transport, raising the possibility of complex interactions that may obscure the drivers of polar amplification, in particular its manifestation across the [...]