Preprints
There are 5976 Preprints listed.
Quantifying water availability in basins holding the majority of global lithium resources
Published: 2024-04-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
More than half the world’s lithium resources are found in brine aquifers in Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia. Lithium brine processing requires freshwater, so as lithium exploration increases, accurate estimates of freshwater availability are critical for water management decisions in this region with limited water resources. Here we calculate modern freshwater inflows, such as groundwater recharge [...]
Personal Values Inform Student Preference for Household Toilet Systems That Use Human ‘Waste’ as a Natural Resource
Published: 2024-04-24
Subjects: Environmental Studies
This study contributes to understanding pro-environmental behavior in toilet system adoption by examining the core values that inform decision-making processes. Undergraduates participated in an educational module on conventional and alternative wastewater systems, followed by composing essays envisioning their ideal toilet system for a future home. Qualitative analysis of responses established a [...]
The application of MEMS seismometers to regional-scale passive seismology: a case study of the Sercel WiNG nodes.
Published: 2024-04-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Micro ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers have become increasingly common in geophysical studies. Despite this, no work has been done to assess the suitability of an array of MEMS sensors to low-frequency, regional-scale passive seismic studies. Consequently, a month’s-long deployment of twenty MEMS-based Sercel WING nodes, two Güralp CMG-ESPCDS and one 4.5 Hz geophone-Reftek system [...]
Evaluation of the METRIC and TSEB remote sensing evapotranspiration models in the floodplain area of the Thaya and Morava Rivers
Published: 2024-04-24
Subjects: Hydrology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences
Study region: Floodplain ecosystem region at the confluence of the Morava and Thaya Rivers, Czech Republic. Study focus: Accurate determination of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is essential for understanding surface hydrological conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate two remote sensing models, METRIC and TSEB, for estimating ETa and energy fluxes in two ecosystems using the eddy [...]
Limited role of discharge in global river plastic transport
Published: 2024-04-23
Subjects: Hydrology, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
River plastic transport has been assumed to be driven by river discharge, although observational data does often not support this. We propose a new perspective that describes plastic transport as function of plastic availability and transport capacity. Plastic transport is under most circumstances driven by plastic availability, which is largely disconnected from river discharge. However, when [...]
Assessing Marine Snow Dynamics During the Demise of the North Atlantic Spring Bloom Using In Situ Particle Imagery
Published: 2024-04-23
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The ocean's biological pump, a critical component of the Earth's carbon cycle, transports organic matter from the surface ocean to depth and is dominated by sinking particles, often in the form of marine snow-sized (diameter ≥ 0.5 mm) aggregates. Controls on sinking particle carbon export are thought to be driven largely by ecological processes that create and transform sinking particles. We [...]
Simulated sea surface temperatures around New Zealand from 1982-2015 compared to three ground truth datasets
Published: 2024-04-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this brief note, I show the extent of global warming, as exemplified by sea surface temperature - SST - around New Zealand from 1982-2015. We use 16 members of the UKESM historical simulations from the sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change. These model data are compared to ground truth data from three observational datasets. All data is plotted with respect [...]
Post-collisional reorganisation of the Eastern Alps in 4D: Crust and mantle structure
Published: 2024-04-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology
The Eastern Alps were affected by a profound post-collisional tectonic reorganisation in Neogene time, featuring indentation by the Adriatic upper plate, rapid uplift and filling of the eastern Molasse Basin, rapid exhumation and eastward orogen-parallel transport of Tertiary metamorphic units in the orogenic core, and a shift from northward thrust propagation in the European plate to southward [...]
Limited long-term cooling effects of flood basalt emplacements
Published: 2024-04-22
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Volcanology
The emplacement of large igneous provinces (LIPs) is known to have been a driver of climate change in Earth’s past, particularly during the breakup of Pangaea. However, the balance between climate warming through CO2 emission and climate cooling through increased weathering is poorly understood. To better understand the role of LIP emplacement on long-term climate change, we utilize a coupled [...]
Carbon isotope fractionation between CO2 and carbon in silicate melts at high temperature
Published: 2024-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The isotopic fractionation of carbon between CO2 gas and silicate melts is a crucial parameter to understand the carbon cycle at the planetary scale that requires accurate quantification. In this study, we conducted experiments to determine the carbon isotope fractionation between CO2 gas and carbon dissolved in silicate melt at 350 – 420 MPa and 1160 – 1225 °C, across a range of melt [...]
Sill propagation and climbing in layered crystalline host-rocks: Examples from saucer-shaped sills of the Faroe Islands
Published: 2024-04-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mafic sills/dolerites, commonly occurring in layered sedimentary and crystalline settings worldwide, may occur as sub-lateral sheets or as saucer-shaped bodies. Values and distributions of Young’s Modulus within their ambient host-rocks determine their mode of emplacement. Current models on development of saucer-shaped sills depict either melt propagation from single sources along [...]
Innovative Approaches to Bushfire Management and Recovery
Published: 2024-04-20
Subjects: Engineering, Environmental Studies, Social and Behavioral Sciences
In recent years, Australia has faced severe bushfires that have highlighted the need for innovative management and recovery strategies. The catastrophic 2019–2020 bushfire season, one of the most devastating on record, burned over 10.7 million hectares, destroyed approximately 3,000 homes, and resulted in the loss of at least 28 lives and over 500 million wildlife casualties. These events [...]
Degree of sector zoning in clinopyroxene records dynamic magma recharge and ascent
Published: 2024-04-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A New Spectral Index for Mapping Water Surfaces in Urban Contexts
Published: 2024-04-19
Subjects: Remote Sensing
This paper proposes a modification of MNDWI called Rescaled Water Index, aiming to enhance the delineation and performance of water body mapping in urban areas using satellite imagery. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed index, we compare its performance in mapping water surfaces in different cities in South America with the results obtained by other well-known water indices in the [...]
Estimating the mass eruption rate of volcanic eruptions from the plume height using Bayesian regression with historical data: the MERPH model
Published: 2024-04-18
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability, Volcanology
The mass eruption rate (MER) of an explosive volcanic eruption is a commonly used quantifier of the magnitude of the eruption, and estimating it is importance in managing volcanic hazards. The physical connection between the MER and the rise height of the eruption column results in a scaling relationship between these quantities, allowing one to be inferred from the other. Eruption source [...]