Preprints
There are 5427 Preprints listed.
Gender relations and decision-making on climate change adaptation in rural East African households: A qualitative systematic review
Published: 2023-08-09
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Background: Climatic changes are threatening rural livelihoods in East Africa. Evidence suggests that climate change adaptation in this context might reproduce inequitable intra-household gender relations and that adaptation may be more effective when women are involved in meaningful ways. Hence, a nuanced understanding of the gendered nature of intra-household adaptation decision-making is [...]
CEDAR-GPP: spatiotemporally upscaled estimates of gross primary productivity incorporating CO2 fertilization
Published: 2023-08-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Gross primary productivity (GPP) is the largest carbon flux in the Earth system, playing a crucial role in removing atmospheric carbon dioxide and providing the sugars and starches needed for ecosystem metabolism. Despite the importance of GPP, however, existing estimates present significant uncertainties and discrepancies. A key issue is the underrepresentation of the CO2 fertilization effect, a [...]
Eocene (50-55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA
Published: 2023-08-08
Subjects: Chemistry, Climate, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Soil Science, Stratigraphy
Nonmarine rocks in sea cliffs of southern California store a detailed record of weathering under tropical conditions millions of years ago, where today the climate is much drier and cooler. This work examines early Eocene (~50-55 million-year-old) deeply weathered paleosols (ancient, buried soils) exposed in marine terraces of northern San Diego County, California, and uses their geochemistry and [...]
Exclusive Seismoacoustic Detection and Characterization of an Unseen and Unheard Fireball Over the North Atlantic
Published: 2023-08-08
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Small meteoroids that enter Earth's atmosphere often go unnoticed because their detection and characterization rely on human observations, introducing observational biases in space and time. Acoustic shockwaves from meteoroid ablation convert to infrasound and seismic energy, enabling fireball detection using seismoacoustic methods. We analyzed an unreported fireball in 2022 near the Azores, [...]
Seismic Activities in Ghana: A Systematic Review
Published: 2023-08-08
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic activities pose significant challenges to societies globally. Therefore, it is crucial to understand their occurrence, patterns, and impacts. By studying seismic activities, including earthquakes, researchers can investigate their occurrence, distribution, and characteristics which can provide effective management and risk reduction strategies. The southern part of Ghana is prone to [...]
New Ediacaran biota from the oldest Nama Group, Namibia (Tsaus Mountains), and re-definition of the Nama Assemblage
Published: 2023-08-07
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Nama Group, Namibia (≥550.5 to <538 million years ago, Ma) preserves one of the most diverse metazoan fossil records of the terminal Ediacaran Period. We report numerous features that may be biological in origin from the shallow marine, siliciclastic, lowermost Mara Member (older than ca. 550.5 Ma) from the Tsaus Mountains. These include forms that potentially represent body fossils, [...]
Marine zooplankton acclimated to geological warming but face limits by the next century
Published: 2023-08-06
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography
Climate changes have threatened marine organisms causing migrations, biomass reduction and extinctions. However, the capacity of marine species to adapt or acclimate to these changes remains poorly constrained in both geological and anthropogenic timescales. Such uncertainty makes modelling past and future ocean biodiversity and ecosystem functions challenging, particularly for the plankton [...]
Implementation and Evaluation of the Automated Model Reduction (AMORE) Version 1.1 Isoprene Oxidation Mechanism in GEOS-Chem
Published: 2023-08-05
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Detailed chemical mechanisms are computationally challenging to include in large-scale chemical transport models such as GEOS-Chem. Employing a graph theory-based automated model reduction (AMORE) algorithm, we developed a new reduced (12 species and 23 reactions) gas-phase isoprene oxidation mechanism. We performed GEOS-Chem simulations for a full year (June 2018 – May 2019) with the default [...]
Urban demand for cooking fuels in two major African cities and implications for policy
Published: 2023-08-05
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Nearly 2.4 billion people lack access to clean cooking fuels and technologies worldwide, representing a critical failure to achieve SDG7’s cooking energy access goal. Dependence on polluting cooking fuels is particularly high in Sub-Saharan Africa, where it generates considerable environmental, health, and time-related costs. In the region, progress has been greatest in urban areas, but [...]
FIND: A Synthetic weather generator to control drought Frequency, Intensity, and Duration
Published: 2023-08-04
Subjects: Engineering, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering
Water systems worldwide are experiencing climate change-induced shifts in drought properties like frequency, intensity, and duration, affecting water security and reliability. To develop and test effective drought preparedness plans, researchers often use synthetic weather generators to create hydrological scenarios that explore drought variability beyond historical records. Existing weather [...]
Fluid-rock interactions, hydrothermal processes, and accommodation of slip in shallow parts of the San Andreas and San Gabriel Faults, southern California
Published: 2023-08-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We examine fault-related rocks from the upper parts of the active San Andreas and ancient San Gabriel Faults, southern California, to determine the nature and origin of micro-scale composition and geochemistry of fault-related rocks. These data constrain the nature and extent of fluid-rock interactions and processes by which slip is accommodated on shallow portions of these faults. The steeply [...]
MEIC-global-CO2: a new global CO2 emission inventory with highly-resolved source category and sub-country information
Published: 2023-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
CO2 emission inventory provides fundamental data for climate research and emission mitigation. Currently, most global CO2 emission inventories were developed with energy statistics from International Energy Agency (IEA) and were available at country level with limited source categories. Here, as the first step toward a high-resolution and dynamic updated global CO2 emission database, we developed [...]
Tephra dispersal and composition reveal the explosive onset of a large basaltic fissure eruption: Timanfaya, Lanzarote, 1730–1736 CE
Published: 2023-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Basaltic fissure eruptions are chiefly characterized by sizable emissions of lava flows and volcanic gases, posing significant hazards. However, such eruptions may be punctuated by explosive episodes, which are comparatively poorly understood but may have important volcanic hazard and environmental implications. The 1730–1736 CE Timanfaya eruption on Lanzarote, Canary Islands, is a large basaltic [...]
Timing and Evolution of Structures within the Southeastern Greater Caucasus and Kura Fold-Thrust Belt from Multiproxy Sediment Provenance Records
Published: 2023-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
The Greater Caucasus (GC) mountains are the locus of post-Pliocene shortening within the north central Arabia-Eurasia collision. Although recent low-temperature thermochronology constrains the timing of orogen formation, the evolution of major structures remains enigmatic - particularly regarding the internal kinematics within this young orogen and the associated Kura Fold-Thrust Belt (KFTB), [...]
A Web-based Decision Support Framework for Optimizing Road Network Accessibility and Emergency Facility Allocation During Flooding
Published: 2023-08-03
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Risk Analysis
Transportation systems can be significantly affected by flooding, leading to physical damage and subsequent adverse impacts such as increased travel distance to essential services. Even though flooding is a frequently recurring phenomenon that can affect thousands of people per event, there are limited accessible online tools available for analyzing and visualizing flood risk for supporting [...]