Preprints
There are 5076 Preprints listed.
Co-production of just nature-based solutions to mitigate the impact of domestic effluents on stream water quality in an informal urbanization in Latin America: Diagnosis and a pilot study
Published: 2023-03-15
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Nature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly assessed in sustainable urban projects to improve human welfare and biodiversity. Particularly, the design, implementation and assessment of NbS are in most cases spatial and context-dependent, and just NbS must also be included in the agenda. To this end, alternative paradigms such as transdisciplinary and action research can play a fundamental role [...]
Examining knowledge and epistemic justice in the design of nature-based solutions for water management
Published: 2023-03-15
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Over the last decade, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for water management have gained traction as triple-win options for climate action due to their ability to address social, economic, and environmental challenges. Recent developments in the literature of NbS have resulted in a body of work addressing questions about knowledge and justice. In line with these developments, this paper proposes the [...]
Geo-Spatial Analysis of Built-Environment Exposure to Flooding: Iowa Case Study
Published: 2023-03-15
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering, Risk Analysis
Flooding is the most frequent type of natural disaster, inducing devastating damages at large and small spatial scales. Flood exposure analysis is a critical part of flood risk assessment. While most studies analyze the exposure elements separately, it is crucial to perform a multi-parameter exposure analysis and consider different types of flood zones to gain a comprehensive understanding of the [...]
Extreme Rainfall Indices and its Effect on Meher Season Crop Calendar: An Agro-Climatic Zone Based Study
Published: 2023-03-15
Subjects: Geography
The study analyzed the daily extreme rainfall indices and its consequences on Meher (summer) season cereal crop calendar in the agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of a watershed. Long-term (1981-2019) rainfall data for 50 sample grid points with a spatial resolution of 5 5 km from Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation (CHIRPS) was considered. Focus group discussions were employed to identifying [...]
Levers for transformative nature-based adaptation initiatives in the Alps
Published: 2023-03-15
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Transformative adaptation is essential to face the unprecedented biodiversity and climate change crises. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) could accelerate the transformation of social-ecological systems to address climate change and biodiversity and Nature’s Contribution to People (NCP) loss. However, they are not widely implemented. Understanding the drivers of decision-making context that [...]
A scoping review of seismic risk communication in Europe
Published: 2023-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Although earthquakes are a threat in many countries and considerable resources have been invested in safety regulations, communities at risk often lack awareness and preparedness. Risk communication is a key tool for building resilient communities, raising awareness, and increasing preparedness. Over the past 2 decades, seismic risk communication has evolved significantly. This has led to a [...]
Efficient modeling of wave generation and propagation in a semi-enclosed estuary
Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate, and high-resolution wave statistics are critical for regional hazard mapping and planning. However, long-term simulations at high spatial resolution are often computationally prohibitive. Here, multiple rapid frameworks including fetch-limited, look-up-table (LUT), and linear propagation are combined and tested in a large estuary exposed to both remotely (swell) and locally generated [...]
Complex rupture evolution of the 2007 Martinique earthquake: a non-double-couple event in the Caribbean Sea
Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A large non-double-couple component of a tectonic earthquake indicates that its rupture likely was complex and likely involved multiple faults. Detailed source models of such earthquakes can add to our understanding of earthquake source complexity. The 2007 Martinique earthquake in the Caribbean Sea is one of the largest recent earthquakes with a known large non-double-couple component. It was an [...]
Paleoenvironmental implications of Deccan volcanism relative to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction: evidence from the ‘red bole’ record
Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) have been widely studied over the past decades due to their likely link to mass extinction events. Previous work involving U-Pb zircon dating of the Deccan lava flows indicates that the main phase-2 began 250 Ka before the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction boundary and continued into the early Danian, suggesting a cause-and-effect relationship. Closer to [...]
Traditional and Artificial Intelligence based techniques to measure trees: an overview
Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Engineering
To address the problem of climate changes, CO2 sequestration by forests should be assessed. Forests store carbon in their biomass- about half of it is carbon. The trees’ diameter, height and age are relevant parameters for forests’ biomass estimation. Various methods have been utilized to estimate forests’ biomass. Initially, field measurements using tape measures, clinometers and frequently a [...]
Two seismic events from InSight confirmed as new impacts on Mars
Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We report confirmed impact sources for two seismic events on Mars detected by the NASA InSight mission. These events have been positively associated with fresh impact craters identified from orbital images, which match predicted locations and sizes, and have formation time constraints consistent with the seismic event dates. They are both of the Very High Frequency family of seismic events and [...]
Vulnerability of Firn to Hydrofracture: Poromechanics Modeling
Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences
On the Greenland Ice Sheet, hydrofracture connects the supraglacial and subglacial hydrologic systems, coupling surface runoff dynamics and ice velocity. Over the last two decades, the growth of low-permeability ice slabs in the firn above the equilibrium line has expanded Greenland’s runoff zone, but the vulnerability of these regions to hydrofracture is still poorly understood. [...]
Dynamic modeling of coastal compound flooding hazards due to tides, extratropical storms, waves, and sea-level rise: a case study in the Salish Sea, Washington (USA)
Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Education
The Puget Sound Coastal Storm Modeling System (PS-CoSMoS) is a tool designed to dynamically downscale future climate scenarios (i.e., projected changes in wind and pressure fields and tem-perature) to compute regional water levels, waves, and compound flooding over large geographic areas (100s of kilometers) at high spatial resolutions (1 m) pertinent to coastal hazard assessments and planning. [...]
Exploring climate service for food and nutritional security and health outcomes of socially differentiated smallholder farmers in moisture stress Weredas of Sidama
Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Medical Sciences
Smallholder agriculture has historically dominated Ethiopia's agricultural production. To boost crop output and productivity, agrochemicals and agricultural equipment have proven indispensable. However, climatic information has received minimal consideration from agricultural interventions in food production and health development programmes. The heterogeneous qualities of smallholder farmers [...]
From source to sea: Floating macroplastic transport along the Rhine river
Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Other Environmental Sciences
Rivers are pathways and storage zones for plastic pollution. Land-based plastic waste enters river systems through anthropogenic and hydrometeorological processes, after which they are transported and retained. Only a fraction is assumed to make it into the ocean. Understanding and quantifying river plastic transport is important to optimize prevention and reduction strategies, and to evaluate [...]