Preprints
There are 5516 Preprints listed.
Social Vulnerability and Climate Risk Assessment for Agricultural Communities in The United States
Published: 2023-08-18
Subjects: Agriculture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Geographic Information Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Risk Analysis, Spatial Science
Floods and droughts significantly affect agricultural activities and pose a threat to food security by subsequently reducing agricultural production. The impact of flood events is distributed disproportionately among agricultural communities based on their socio-economic fabric. Understanding climate-related hazards is critical for planning mitigation measures to secure vulnerable communities. [...]
Understanding Drought Awareness from Web Data
Published: 2023-08-17
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Mathematics, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Statistics and Probability
We used computer vision (U-Net) model to leverage Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Google Trends Search Interest (SI), and Twitter data to understand patterns with which people in Continental United States (CONUS) indicate awareness of and interest in droughts. We found significant statistical relationships between the occurrence of meteorological droughts (MD), as [...]
Stay or go? Geographic variation in risks due to climate change for fishing fleets that adapt in-place or adapt on-the-move
Published: 2023-08-17
Subjects: Environmental Studies
From fishers to farmers, people across the planet who rely directly upon natural resources for their livelihoods and well-being face extensive impacts from climate change. However, local- and regional-scale impacts and associated risks can vary geographically, and the implications for development of adaptation pathways that will be most effective for specific communities are underexplored. To [...]
Thermo-hydro-mechanical simulation of deep excavations in claystone
Published: 2023-08-17
Subjects: Engineering
Generation of evolving plate boundaries and toroidal flow from visco-plastic damage-rheology mantle convection and continents
Published: 2023-08-17
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Earth's style of planetary heat transport is characterized by plate tectonics which requires rock strength to be reduced plastically in order to break an otherwise stagnant lithospheric lid, and for rocks to have a memory of past deformation to account for strain localization and the hysteresis implied by geological sutures. Here, we explore $\sim$10$^7$ Rayleigh number, visco-plastic, [...]
Beyond microbial carbon use efficiency
Published: 2023-08-16
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Soil Science
Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is defined as the proportion of microbial biomass growth C versus substrate C uptake, and thus provides a useful measure of microbially driven accumulation and loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) 1. In a recent study published in Nature 2, the authors use a data-driven machine learning approach to conclude that CUE promotes global SOC storage based on a [...]
imc-precip-iso: Open monthly stable isotope data of precipitation over the Indonesian Maritime Continent
Published: 2023-08-12
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Stable isotopes, $\delta^2$H, $\delta^{18}$O, and d-excess, are valuable tools as natural tracers of diffusion processes and phase changes in the global hydroclimatological cycle. The Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) is an archipelago area surrounded by very warm waters which induce convective activities as the primary heat source driving global atmospheric circulation. Given the central role [...]
Marine Cloud Brightening: an airborne concept
Published: 2023-08-12
Subjects: Engineering
Marine cloud brightening (MCB) is a proposed solar radiation modification (SRM) geoengineering technique to enhance marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud albedo. Extant proposals consider 10,000-100,000 autonomous ships spraying seawater, generating and dispersing sea salt nanoparticles. Alternatively, this paper proposes industrially manufacturing NaCl nanoparticles using ethanol anti-solvent brine [...]
M-band discrete wavelet transform–based deep learning algorithm for identifying thermokarst lakes in the QinghaiTibetan Plateau
Published: 2023-08-12
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Thermokarst lakes serve as key signs of permafrost thaw, and as point sources of CH4 in the present and near future. However, detailed information on the distribution of thermokarst lakes remains sparse across the entire permafrost region on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). In this research, we developed a new discrete wavelet transform (DWT)–based dual-input deep learning (DL) model using a [...]
Report on Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2B observations of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline methane leak
Published: 2023-08-11
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
In late September 2022, explosions of the Nord Stream pipelines caused what could be the largest anthropogenic methane leak ever recorded. We report on Landsat 8 (L8) and Sentinel-2B (S-2B) observations of the sea foam patch produced by the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) leak located close to Bornholm Island, acquired on September 29 and 30, respectively. Usually, reflected sunlight over sea is insufficient [...]
Improving Weather Prediction Technologies: Establishing a Relationship between Air Pollution and Weather Phenomena
Published: 2023-08-11
Subjects: Chemistry, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The primary focus of this research is to establish a link between air quality, weather patterns, and climate dynamics. Employing a correlative methodology, the study aims to investigate the association between air pollution levels and the occurrence frequency of acid rain events. To accomplish this, extensive quantitative meteorological data gathered from weather stations situated in the [...]
Measuring the climate security nexus: the Integrated Climate Security Framework
Published: 2023-08-10
Subjects: International and Area Studies
International, regional, and national organizations and policymakers are increasingly acknowledging the implications of climate on peace and security, but robust research approaches that embrace the complexity of this nexus are lacking. In this paper, we present the Integrated Climate Security Framework (ICSF), a mixed-methods framework to understand the mechanisms of climate–conflict linkages at [...]
Can nature-based solutions support economic recovery? A review of reviews on the economic outcomes of NbS
Published: 2023-08-10
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Nature-based solutions (NbS) involve working with nature to address societal challenges, with benefits for both people and biodiversity. However, their potential role in recovery from economic crises, such as those arising from conflicts or pandemics, remains underexplored. We conducted a systematic review of reviews on the economic impact of nature-based interventions. From 46 relevant reviews, [...]
Ecosystem restoration can lead to carbon recovery in semi-arid savanna grasslands in India
Published: 2023-08-10
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Natural Resources and Conservation, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Semi-arid savanna grasslands (SG) in India deliver enormous benefits to people and nature but are currently undergoing large-scale degradation. Soil carbon stocks in degraded SGs vary in response to a host of anthropogenic driving factors including agricultural expansion and industrial development. Although there is increasing support for restoring grasslands by planting native grass species, its [...]
Gender relations and decision-making on climate change adaptation in rural East African households: A qualitative systematic review
Published: 2023-08-09
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Background: Climatic changes are threatening rural livelihoods in East Africa. Evidence suggests that climate change adaptation in this context might reproduce inequitable intra-household gender relations and that adaptation may be more effective when women are involved in meaningful ways. Hence, a nuanced understanding of the gendered nature of intra-household adaptation decision-making is [...]