Preprints
There are 6304 Preprints listed.
Harmful Algal Bloom Prediction using Empirical Dynamic Modelling
Published: 2024-08-02
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) can originate from a variety of reasons, including water pollution coming from agriculture, effluent from treatment plants, sewage system leaks, pH and light levels, and the consequences of climate change. In recent years, HAB events have become a serious environmental problem, paralleling population growth, agricultural development, increasing air temperatures, and [...]
Deforestation – a call for consistent carbon accounting
Published: 2024-08-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbon accounting conventions treat emissions differently depending on their source. Fossil fuel carbon emissions are assessed as gross, whereas anthropogenic land carbon emissions are assessed as net. Despite calls for consistent gross accounting, accounting guidelines remain unchanged. Here we consolidate arguments for consistent accounting and explore implications for national inventories, [...]
A Systematic Review of Neural Network Applications for Groundwater Level Prediction
Published: 2024-07-31
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Physical models have long been employed for groundwater level (GWL) prediction. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly neural networks (NNs), have gained widespread use in forecasting GWL. Forecasting of GWL is essential to enable analyze, quantify and manage groundwater. This systematic review investigates the application of NNs for GWL prediction, focusing on the architectures of [...]
Scenario Development for Safety Assessment in Deep Geologic Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel: A Review
Published: 2024-07-30
Subjects: Risk Analysis
Radiation and radioactive substances result in the production of radioactive wastes which require safe management and disposal to avoid risks to human health and the environment. To ensure permanent safe disposal the performance of a deep geological repository for radioactive waste is assessed against internationally agreed risk-based standards. Assessing post-closure safety of the future [...]
Analyzing Sedimentary Rocks to Determine Hydrodynamic Conditions of Anambra Basin, South-Eastern Nigeria.
Published: 2024-07-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Anambra Basin, situated in southeastern Nigeria, stands out as a significant sedimentary basin characterized by its intricate and multifaceted geological history. This complexity arises from a combination of marine, fluvial, and deltaic processes that have shaped the basin over geological time. Our study is dedicated to examining the sedimentary rock formations within this basin, with a [...]
Greenland Ice Sheet wide supraglacial lake evolution and dynamics: insights from the 2018 and 2019 melt seasons
Published: 2024-07-29
Subjects: Glaciology
Supraglacial lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) can impact both the ice sheet surface mass balance and ice dynamics. Thus, understanding the evolution and dynamics of supraglacial lakes is important to provide improved parameterizations for ice sheet models to enable better projections of future GrIS changes. In this study, we utilize the growing inventory of optical and microwave satellite [...]
Multi-temporal elevation changes of Fedchenko Glacier (Tajikistan) from 1928 to 2021
Published: 2024-07-29
Subjects: Climate, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The Fedchenko Glacier in Tajikistan's central Pamir region is one of Asia's longest glacier and has been a focal point for scientific investigation spanning the 20th and 21st centuries, yielding a valuable historical dataset for Central Asia. This study explores elevation changes from 1928 to 2021 from topographic maps from 1928 and 1958, KH-9 spy satellite data from 1980, SPOT5 satellite data [...]
On the influence of pressure, phase transitions, and water on large-scale seismic anisotropy underneath a subduction zone
Published: 2024-07-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Seismic anisotropy mainly originates from the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) ofminerals deformed in the convective mantle flow. While fabric transitions have been previously observed inexperiments, their influence on large‐scale anisotropy is not well‐documented. Here, we implement 2Dgeodynamic models of intra‐oceanic subduction coupled with mantle fabric modeling to investigate [...]
The first seismo-volcanological observatory on Montserrat
Published: 2024-07-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The first seismo-volcanological observatory in the anglophone Caribbean was established on Montserrat in 1936, in response to a volcano-seismic crisis that began in in 1933. Staff at Montserrat’s agricultural office began routinely observing earthquake shocks in 1934. In 1936, following a scientific expedition dispatched by the Royal Society, an observatory was established at the Grove Botanical [...]
Signal and noise in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26°N
Published: 2024-07-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is key to the redistribution of heat in the climate system. It is projected to weaken due to climate change. The RAPID mooring array observes the strength of the AMOC, showing an overall weakening of 1.0 Sv/decade from 2004–2023. However, the significance of this trend is controversial. Here we consider the RAPID observations in a [...]
Alteration processes of mantle peridotite in the Samail ophiolite inferred from independent component analysis of rock physical properties
Published: 2024-07-27
Subjects: Geochemistry, Mineral Physics, Multivariate Analysis
To quantify the alteration processes of mantle from geophysical data, an understanding of the relationship between alteration and the physical properties of mantle peridotite is essential. In this study, we employed independent component analysis (ICA) to evaluate variations in the physical properties of altered peridotites collected by the Oman Drilling Project, to understand the alteration [...]
Mesoscale fractures control the scale dependences of seismic velocity and fluid flow in subduction zones
Published: 2024-07-27
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Natural geological systems contain porosity structures of various scales that play different roles in geophysical properties, fluid flow, and geodynamics. To understand seismic activity associated with high pore-fluid pressure and fluid migration in subduction zones, it is necessary to explore the scale dependence of geophysical properties such as seismic velocity and permeability. Here, we [...]
Tomotectonics of Cordilleran North America since Jurassic times: double-sided subduction, archipelago collisions, and Baja-BC translation
Published: 2024-07-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Tomotectonics hindcasts paleo-trenches, through the spatiotemporal superposition of subducted lithosphere (slabs imaged in the earth’s mantle) with plate reconstructions (constrained by seafloor isochrons). The two geophysical datasets are linked through the tomotectonic null hypothesis, that oceanic lithosphere sinks vertically down after entering in the mantle. This linkage permits simple and [...]
LATTE: Open-source, high-performance acoustic and elastic traveltime computation, tomography, and source location
Published: 2024-07-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Towards automatic delineation of landslide source and runout
Published: 2024-07-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geomorphology, Mathematics
Mapping landslide-depleted source areas is pivotal for refining predictive models and volume estimations, yet these critical regions are often conflated with the landslide runouts, leading to sub-optimal assessments. The source areas are typically the regions where the actual failure occurs, providing crucial information on the initiation mechanisms and the nature of landslide propagation. [...]