Preprints
There are 5428 Preprints listed.
Spatio–temporal trends of air quality, Kampala City, Uganda, 2020–2022
Published: 2023-07-04
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is among the health damaging air pollutants that pose health risks to humans, with levels >15 µg/m3 being associated with adverse health effects. PM2.5 has been recommended as the best measure of air quality. Cities are more prone to poor air quality compared to non–urban areas. We assessed the spatio–temporal trends in air quality in Kampala City during January [...]
Mountains of plastic: Mismanaged plastic waste along the Carpathian watercourses
Published: 2023-07-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Plastic waste poses numerous risks to mountain river ecosystems due to their high biodiversity and specific physical characteristics. Here, we provide a baseline assessment for future evaluation of such risks in the Carpathians, one of the most biodiverse mountain ranges in East-Central Europe. We used high-resolution river network and mismanaged plastic waste (MPW) databases to map MPW along the [...]
Functional organic matter components in mangrove soils revealed by density fractionation
Published: 2023-07-04
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geochemistry, Soil Science
The mechanisms underlying stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM) in coastal ecosystems, including mangrove forests, are poorly understood, limiting our ability to predict the consequences of disturbances. Here, we introduce density fractionation to mangrove soils to identify the distribution and properties of the functional components of SOM with regard to degradation state, stability, and [...]
Forecasting Weather using Deep Learning from the Meteorological Stations Data : A Study of Different Meteorological Stations in Kaski District, Nepal
Published: 2023-07-02
Subjects: Engineering
Contemporarily, one of the most pressing concerns is reliable and rapid weather forecasting. In Nepal, the Department of Hydrology and Meteorological uses a numerical modeling approach to forecast the weather, which is tardy and requires high end equipment to process the information so deep learning approach will be best alternative. This project aims to forecast the next 2-hour Precipitation and [...]
Cosmogenic nuclide dating conundrum for retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and the critical roles of geomagnetic and heliomagnetic modulation of cosmic ray flux
Published: 2023-06-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences
What we regard as anomalously old 10Be exposure dates reported from the terminal moraine of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) in northeastern North America, such as recently published for Allamuchy NJ, ostensibly point to the start of deglaciation at 25 thousand calendar years before present (cal. ka). These dates are well within the conventional age span of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and are in [...]
Geochemical Insights: Unraveling the Influence on Kerogen and Organic-rich Mudrocks
Published: 2023-06-30
Subjects: Engineering
The examination of geochemical factors and their impact on kerogen and organic-rich mudrocks holds significant implications for reservoir characterization, hydrocarbon exploration, and production strategies. The understanding of the geochemical environment empowers reservoir engineers and geoscientists to gain valuable insights into the distribution, quality, and producibility of hydrocarbons [...]
A gridded inventory of annual 2012-2018 U.S. anthropogenic methane emissions
Published: 2023-06-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
Nationally reported greenhouse gas inventories are a core component of the Paris Agreement transparency framework. Comparisons with emission estimates derived from atmospheric observations help identify improvements to reduce uncertainties and increase confidence in reported values. To facilitate comparisons over the contiguous United States, we present a 0.1°×0.1° gridded inventory of annual [...]
Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of shallow-marine, coarse-grained siliciclastic deposits in the southern Utsira High: the Late Jurassic intra-Draupne Formation sandstones in the Johan Sverdrup Field (Norwegian North Sea).
Published: 2023-06-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
Thin, condensed coarse-grained shallow-marine successions can be difficult to describe and interpret, especially in the subsurface because they commonly lack finer grained intervals which are typically associated with sequence stratigraphic surfaces. This lack of mudstones and siltstones means that they also typically make excellent reservoir intervals. The Oxfordian to Volgian intra-Draupne [...]
Protocols for the quantification and characterization of dissolved organic carbon from seaweed and its sequestration potential
Published: 2023-06-30
Subjects: Life Sciences
Seaweed cultivation for atmospheric CO2 sequestration requires full accounting of net primary production (NPP). In addition to large amounts of observable biomass produced, a fraction of NPP is released as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which can fuel heterotrophic metabolisms or resist remineralization and contribute to carbon export and sequestration. We currently lack the ability to predict [...]
Statistical Evaluation of Seismic Velocity Models of Permafrost
Published: 2023-06-30
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering
The warming climate in high-latitude permafrost regions is leading to permafrost degradation. Estimating seismic velocity in permafrost can help predict the geomechanical properties of permafrost and provide information for planning and designing resilient civil infrastructure in cold regions. Seismic velocities of permafrost are mainly influenced by three components in permafrost: soil grains, [...]
Fiber-optic observations of internal waves and tides
Published: 2023-06-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Although typically used to measure dynamic strain from seismic and acoustic waves, Rayleigh-based distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is also sensitive to temperature, offering longer range and higher sensitivity to small temperature perturbations than conventional Raman-based distributed temperature sensing. Here, we demonstrate that ocean-bottom DAS can be employed to study internal wave and [...]
THIN SHEET AUTOMATIC INTERPRETATION OF DIKE SWARM MAGNETIC TRANSECTS USING REGULARIZED SECOND DERIVATIVES
Published: 2023-06-30
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Dike swarms are major continental structures recording large igneous provinces and crustal extension processes generating rifts and sedimentary basins. A key point in dike swarm studies is determining a minimum number of dikes that are necessary to explain the observed magnetic anomalies and inferences about position and depth for specific unities. We develop an automatic interpretation procedure [...]
Performance evaluation of a simple feed-forward deep neural network model applied to annual rainfall anomaly index (RAI) over Indramayu, Indonesia
Published: 2023-06-30
Subjects: Climate, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Indramayu is a district in West Java that is known for being the leading producer of rice and brackish salt. The production of these two commodities is strongly influenced by hydroclimatological conditions, making accurate and reliable long-term estimates crucial. In this study, we evaluated a simple feed-forward deep neural network (DNN) model that could potentially be used as a candidate for [...]
Engaging the Earth Science and Engineering Communities in Developing a River Morphology Information System (RIMORPHIS)
Published: 2023-06-29
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
ABSTRACT: River morphology data are critical for understanding and studying river processes and for managing rivers for multiple socio-economic uses. While such data have been acquired extensively over time, several issues hinder their use for river morphology studies such as data accessibility, variety of data formats, lack of data models for data storage, and lack of processing tools to [...]
OpenStreetMap for Multi-Faceted Climate Risk Assessments
Published: 2023-06-28
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Risk Analysis
Natural hazards pose significant risks to human lives, infrastructure, and ecosystems, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of climate risks for effective adaptation planning and risk management. However, climate risk assessments mostly focus on economic asset values and infrastructures such as roads and buildings, because publicly available data on more diverse exposures are scarce. The [...]