Preprints
There are 4718 Preprints listed.
How fine is fine enough? Effect of mesh resolution on hydrodynamic simulations in coral reef environments
Published: 2023-01-14
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coral reef environments are biodiversity hotspots that provide many services to coastal communities. They are currently facing an increasing anthropogenic pressure that jeopardises their survival. Numerical ocean models are an important tool to understand the functioning of coral ecosystems and the mechanisms ensuring their resilience. However, simulating the water circulation through reef [...]
The upper mantle geoid for lithospheric structure and dynamics
Published: 2023-01-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geoid anomalies offer crucial information on the internal density structure of the Earth, and thus, on its constitution and dynamic state. In order to interpret geoid undulations in terms of depth, magnitude and lateral extension of density anomalies in the lithosphere and upper mantle, the effects of lower mantle density anomalies need to be removed from the full geoid (thus obtaining a residual [...]
Consumer-grade UAV solid-state LiDAR accurately quantifies topography in a vegetated fluvial environment
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with passive optical sensors have become popular for reconstructing topography using Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM). Advances in UAV payloads and the advent of solid-state LiDAR have enabled consumer-grade active remote sensing equipment to become more widely available, potentially providing opportunities to overcome some challenges associated with [...]
Mapping glacier basal sliding with machine learning
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
During the RESOLVE project ("High-resolution imaging in subsurface geophysics: development of a multi-instrument platform for interdisciplinary research"), continuous surface displacement and seismic array observations were obtained on Glacier d'Argentière in the French Alps for 35 days in May 2018. The data set is used to perform a detailed study of targeted processes within the highly dynamic [...]
meltPT: A Python package for basaltic whole-rock thermobarometric analysis with application to Hawai'i
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Quantifying the depths and temperatures from which igneous rocks are derived is an important step in understanding volcanic, magmatic and mantle processes. We present meltPT, a Python package that allows users to apply twelve published whole-rock thermobarometers within a consistent framework, as well as combine thermobarometric results and geothermal models to estimate mantle potential [...]
A two-way coupling 2D-3D hybrid finite element numerical model using overlapping method for tsunami simulation
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
This paper describes a 2D-3D hybrid model for tsunami simulations that uses an overlapping method based on an arbitrary grid. A 2D model is used to simulate wave propagation from the source area to the offshore area, and a 3D model is then used to simulate the free surface flow around structures in coastal areas. An overlapping method that satisfies the conservation and compatibility conditions [...]
Residual U-Net with Attention for Detecting Clouds in Satellite Imagery
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Semantic segmentation of clouds in Earth observation imagery is an important task in a variety of remote sensing contexts: from the application of atmospheric corrections to being able to accurately omit cloud pixels when extracting information about ground features. Here we introduce a deep learning approach based on the popular U-Net architecture. The core of the architecture is an U-Net with [...]
STICr: An open-source package and workflow for processing and analyzing data from Stream Temperature, Intermittency, and Conductivity (STIC) loggers
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Hydrology
Non-perennial streams constitute over half the world’s stream miles, and require hydrologic characterization to understand their flow regimes and impacts on ecosystems and society. Stream Temperature, Intermittency, and Conductivity (STIC) loggers are a widely used tool for studying non-perennial streams because they provide a relatively inexpensive and robust method for characterizing flow [...]
Mixtures of sediment chemical contaminants at freshwater sampling sites across Europe with different contaminant burdens
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Extended chemical analyses of fluvial sediments was undertaken to establish the key pollutant pressures and mixtures present across nine European Union inland waterways. A wide range of chemical components and physical parameters were investigated including substances from the EU Priority List and Watch List. The data set was examined for key indicator compounds, however it was found that a wide [...]
Benefit-cost ratios of CO2 removal strategies
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Climate
Limiting global warming to 1.5$^\circ$C will very likely require, or to 2$^\circ$C may require, large-scale removal of carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) from the atmosphere. Many CO$_2$ removal strategies (CDRSs), or negative emissions technologies, have been proposed, which vary widely in both price per ton of CO$_2$ removed and storage timescale of this removed CO$_2$, as well as mechanism, maturity, [...]
Non-perennial stream networks as directed acyclic graphs: The R-package streamDAG
Published: 2023-01-11
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Many conventional stream network metrics are time-invariant and/or do not consider the importance of individual stream locations to network functionality. As a result, they are not well-suited to non-perennial streams, in which hydrologic status (flowing vs. pooled vs. dry) can vary substantially in space and time. To help address this issue, we consider non-perennial streams as directed acyclic [...]
The Communication Distance of Non-Perennial Streams
Published: 2023-01-11
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We developed Bayesian statistical approaches to assess non-perennial stream network connectivity. Our new methods allow: 1) consideration of changes to both local (stream segment) and global (stream network) connectivity over time, 2) incorporation of prior information from different data sources, and 3) straightforward computation of the posterior distributions of both active stream length and a [...]
EZ-InSAR: An Easy-to-use Open-source Toolbox for Mapping Ground Surface Deformation using Satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
Published: 2023-01-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Software Engineering
Satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a space-borne geodetic technique that can map ground displacement at millimetre accuracy. Via the new era for InSAR applications provided by the Copernicus Sentinel-1 SAR satellites, several open-source software packages exist for processing the SAR data, obtaining high- quality ground deformation maps but still requires a deep [...]
Drought impacts on the electricity system, emissions, and air quality in the western US
Published: 2023-01-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
The western United States has experienced severe drought in recent decades, and climate models project increased drought risk in the future. This increased drying could have important implications for the region's interconnected, hydropower-dependent electricity systems. Using power-plant level generation and emissions data from 2001-2021, we quantify the impacts of drought on the operation of [...]
Identifying the regional emergence of climate patterns in the ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations
Published: 2023-01-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Stratospheric aerosol injection is a proposed form of solar climate invention (SCI) that could potentially reduce the amount of future warming from externally-forced climate change. However, more research is needed, as there are significant uncertainties surrounding the possible impacts of SCI, including unforeseen effects on regional climate patterns. In this study, we consider a climate model [...]