Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Correlation Between Commuting Behavior and Air Pollution
Published: 2025-05-10
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
One of the biggest causes of air pollution in a city is the use of gasoline engined vehicles, such as cars, buses, and motorcycles, which is used every day as a commuting mode for citizens. Commuting behaviors of people can be categorized into two big factors, public transportation and private transportation. The research invested on whether or not higher usage rate of public transportation [...]
Carbon-negative nickel mining to meet global mineral resource demands
Published: 2025-05-11
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
CO2-Enhanced Mineral Recovery (CO2-EMR) is a deep in situ mining technology that utilizes an engineered CO2 leaching fluid to extract nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) from subsurface ultramafic rocks, while simultaneously permanently mineralizing CO2 as carbonate minerals. This carbon negative process can contribute to meeting the mineral demands of current and emerging energy technologies. We [...]
Luminescence Characteristics of Terrestrial Jarosite from Kachchh, India: A Martian Analogue
Published: 2025-05-11
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this study, naturally occurring jarosite samples from Kachchh India (considered to be Martian analogue) were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Cathodoluminescence- Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (CL-EDXS) and luminescence (thermoluminescence (TL), blue and infrared stimulated luminescence (BSL and IRSL) methods. FTIR and CL-EDXS studies suggested that [...]
Surface tension estimation of bubble nuclei in magma using spinodal pressure and nonclassical nucleation theory
Published: 2025-09-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Efforts to estimate the magma decompression rate from the vesicular texture of volcanic products have progressed through the development of theoretical models and laboratory experiments. The theoretical model is based on nucleation theory, with the surface tension between the melt and bubble nucleus being the parameter that most strongly governs nucleation. Since direct measurement of surface [...]
Geoscientific Input Feature Selection for CNN-driven Mineral Prospectivity Mapping
Published: 2025-04-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In recent years, machine learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks have been used for mineral prospectivity mapping. Since a diverse range of geoscientific data are often available for training, it is computationally challenging to select a subset of features that optimizes model performance. Our study aims to demonstrate the effect of optimal input feature selection on [...]
The Interplay of Vegetation and Land-Atmosphere Feedbacks in Flash Drought Prediction
Published: 2025-05-13
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Environmental Monitoring
Flash droughts, known for their rapid onset and intensification, pose a significant threat to agriculture and water resources. The 2011 Texas flash drought, with its widespread agricultural losses exceeding $7.6 billion and severe ecological consequences, was a stark demonstration of their devastating impacts. This study investigates the crucial role of vegetation in numerical modeling of flash [...]
Climate change projects and youth engagement: Empowerment and contested knowledge.
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Environmental Studies
This study investigated youths’ empowerment through EU-funded climate change projects (CCPs) and the role that social research and public engagement have in that process. The importance of considering youth empowerment in a time of climate change is increasingly recognised. Youths are exposed to interrelated health, social, economic, and political vulnerabilities caused by climate change, but [...]
Precursory Patterns, Evolution and Physical Interpretation of the 2025 Santorini-Amorgos Seismic Sequence
Published: 2025-05-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The 2025 Santorini-Amorgos seismic sequence marked a significant episode of volcanic-seismic unrest in the Hellenic Volcanic Arc, offering a unique opportunity to investigate precursory patterns and the dynamic evolution of seismicity in a complex tectonic setting. Here, we analyze the preparatory phase of the crisis using a high-resolution relocated seismic catalog, anomaly detection, and [...]
The case for continuing VIPER - a critical milestone on the journey back to the Moon
Published: 2025-07-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
NASA's VIPER mission was designed to explore the Moon's south pole region, with a primary objective of identifying and characterising volatile compounds such as water ice. Despite having been fully built and having passed all preflight environmental testing, the mission was cancelled by NASA in July 2024, and the rover remains in storage. In this paper we outline why it remains crucial that a [...]
Modeling Daily Plume Specific Smoke Concentrations for Health Effects Studies with Estimates of Fire Size, Plume Age, and Fuel Type
Published: 2025-05-14
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Public Health, Statistical Models, Transport Phenomena
Inhaling smoke PM2.5 can cause adverse health effects ranging from acute (e.g., lung irritation) to chronic (e.g., lung cancer). Acute health effects have immediate implications for public health, requiring rapid response to minimize harm during an exposure window. Estimating acute health effects requires short-term (e.g., daily) estimates of fire-specific smoke PM2.5 concentrations at ground [...]
Most bivalves and gastropods calcify indistinguishably from dual clumped isotope equilibrium
Published: 2025-05-14
Subjects: Education
Molluscan shell-carbonates are extensively used to reconstruct paleo-temperatures at sub-annual resolution. The accurate application of two widely used temperature proxies, the shell carbonate oxygen isotope (ẟ18O) and carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) composition, is based on the assumption that kinetics in the DIC-H2O-CaCO3 system were either absent or invariant during shell formation and/or [...]
Climate Change Impacts on Inland and Black Sea Marine Fisheries: Risks, Adaptation, and Sustainable Investment Pathways
Published: 2025-05-16
Subjects: Agriculture, Animal Sciences, Other Life Sciences
This paper explores climate adaptation and sustainable investment strategies within the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, with a focus on vulnerable regions such as the Black Sea basin. As climate change intensifies environmental pressures and socioeconomic vulnerabilities, building resilience requires an integrated approach combining localized adaptation, mitigation and strategic investment. [...]
The evolution of methane production rates from young to mature thermokarst 1 lakes
Published: 2025-03-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Thermokarst lakes, formed by permafrost thaw in the Arctic, are hotspots for methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and are expected to double permafrost carbon emissions by the end of the century. While the implications of ongoing permafrost thaw on methane dynamics within these lakes have been modeled, here we provide empirical data on methane production dynamics as lakes evolve from [...]
Holocene deglaciation of Prudhoe Dome, northwest Greenland
Published: 2025-05-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
Projections of future sea-level rise benefit from understanding the response of past ice sheets to interglacial warmth. Constraints on the extent of inland Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) recession during the Middle Holocene (~8 – 4 ka) are limited because geological records of a smaller-than-modern phase largely remain beneath the modern ice sheet. We drilled through 509 m of firn and ice at Prudhoe [...]
The Largest Crop Production Shocks: Magnitude, Causes and Frequency
Published: 2025-09-04
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Food Science, Risk Analysis
Food is the foundation of our society. We often take it for granted, but stocks are rarely available for longer than a year, and food production can be disrupted by catastrophic events, both locally and globally. To highlight such major risks to the food system, we analyzed FAO crop production data from 1961 to 2023 to find the largest crop production shock for every country and identify its [...]