Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Widespread reliance of rainfed crops on upwind irrigated agriculture in India
Published: 2026-02-04
Subjects: Agriculture, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Hydrology, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Rainfed crops account for approximately 40% of India’s food production and support 60% of its livestock. Although linked to oceanic monsoon rainfall, their productivity also depends on terrestrial evaporation, particularly in the non-monsoon season. However, the degree to which rainfed crops also rely on moisture sourced from upwind irrigated areas, remains largely unknown. Using a combination of [...]
Unraveling Southern Ocean Diatom Diversity Across the Eocene/Oligocene Transition
Published: 2025-09-09
Subjects: Biodiversity, Earth Sciences, Paleobiology, Paleontology
The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) was a critical interval of global cooling and circulation change that reshaped marine ecosystems. However, current knowledge of diatom diversity and community dynamics during this interval relies mainly on biostratigraphic compilations, which largely document common species and thus likely underestimate true diversity. This study provides a more complete [...]
Water Quality and Microclimate Gradients in the Argentine Andes and Patagonia: Field Measurements of TDS, Conductivity, and Temperature Across Altitudes
Published: 2025-05-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This field study reports portable in situ measurements of water temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), air temperature, and humidity across six representative sites in Argentina (March 2025). We sampled 20 points spanning 115 m (Perito Moreno) to 3 383 m (Aconcagua). Mean TDS at high‑altitude sites (Aconcagua: 1172 ± 425 ppm) was up to 50 times higher than at [...]
A climate empirical temperature simulator, an application in Provence (France)
Published: 2025-05-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The importance of being able to make climate projections at the local level is fundamental because they are the ones that will serve as an input for any vulnerability study as part of a climate change adaptation plan. The techniques exist and, in France, the DRIAS portal allows you to download these projections with several models and with an 8 km x 8 km grid (called Safran grid). However, a [...]
Hydraulic geometry hypothesis allows reverse engineering of 3D quasi-equilibrium landscapes from 2D channel networks
Published: 2025-05-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A fluvial catchment consists of unchannelized hillslopes drained by a channel network. Catchments can be fully characterized by their three-dimensional (3D) topography and the bankfull characteristics of their channels. Here we use a probabilistic algorithm to generate a set of scale-free, two-dimensional (2D) pixelized river networks of increasing complexity. We then integrate reach-scale [...]
Optimization of Automated Sea Ice Melt Pond Depth Determination in ICESat-2 Laser Altimeter Data with the DDA-bifurcate-seaice Algorithm Using Airborne Campaign Data
Published: 2025-05-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Melt ponding on Arctic sea ice is a key indicator of the transition from a predominantly perennial to a seasonal sea ice cover, yet quantitative data on pond depth remain limited. Here, we present the first analysis of melt-pond depth using ICESat-2’s Advanced Topographic Lidar Altimeter System (ATLAS). The Density-Dimension Algorithm for Bifurcating Sea-Ice Reflectors (DDA-bifurcate-seaice) [...]
Heavy Metal Toxicity: A Major Driver of Past Biodiversity Crises?
Published: 2025-05-21
Subjects: Life Sciences
Whether today’s heavy metal pollution represents an unprecedented threat to biodiversity, in Earth’s history remains an open question. Here, we reassess the state-of-the-art research to evaluate whether heavy metal toxicity played a major role in past extinction events. Although there is evidence to heavy metal loading during several past biotic crises, direct causal links to extinctions are [...]
An Accessible NDVI Classification Tool for Urban and Suburban Vegetation Change Analysis
Published: 2026-01-31
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Remote Sensing
This paper presents a web-based research method for studying changes in vegetation in urban and suburban contexts between 2018 and 2024. The system uses the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to analyze imagery for each time period and classify land surface types. After classification, correlation and regression analysis are applied to explain connections between urbanization and [...]
The Characteristics of Rayleigh and Love Wave Azimuthal Anisotropy: Observations Across Alaska
Published: 2025-05-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Using ambient noise data from 10 s to 50 s period across Alaska, we confirm previous estimates of Rayleigh wave 2ψ azimuthal anisotropy and present the first estimates of Rayleigh wave 4ψ and Love wave 2ψ and 4ψ azimuthal anisotropy, where ψ is the angle of propagation. As in earlier studies, the fast orientations of Rayleigh wave 2ψ are mainly parallel to major faults in Alaska at all periods. [...]
Coral Reefs Span Borders, So Must Solutions: A Blueprint for International Cooperation for Coral Reef Conservation in Complex Political Environments
Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Biodiversity, Environmental Studies, Marine Biology
Coral reefs face escalating threats from climate change, yet reducing greenhouse gas emissions alone will not ensure their survival. Local and regional conservation efforts are urgently needed to address immediate, human-induced stressors and build resilience. Although conservation often begins locally, the interconnected nature of reef systems that span borders demands transboundary management, [...]
Biorestorer: Synthetic Succession for Soil Restoration in Arid and Degraded Regions
Published: 2025-05-21
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Desert Ecology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Life Sciences
Soil degradation in arid and semi-arid regions poses a critical threat to global ecological stability and food security. This paper introduces Biorestorer, a systems-based framework for initiating synthetic succession and synthetic pedogenesis in highly degraded or sterile substrates where natural recovery is infeasible. The Biorestorer concept integrates dual-temperature biochar, [...]
Paleo extreme storm waves in the North Atlantic: geological evidence from Sal Island, Cape Verde Archipelago.
Published: 2025-05-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology
The northwestern coast of Sal Island (Cape Verde Archipelago) is characterized by a rocky shoreline that is regularly impacted by Atlantic swells exceeding 4 m in height and 20 s in period. Yet, the only significant geomorphic expression of wave action is an extensive boulder ridge situated atop a rocky cliff, up to 80–100 m inland and between 10 and 15 m above present sea level. The presence of [...]
Predicting Glacier Ice Melt with Machine Learning to Address Climate Change
Published: 2025-05-21
Subjects: Engineering
The accelerating decline in glacier mass due to climate change presents a significant threat to global water resources, sea levels, and ecosystem stability. This research integrates machine learning techniques to predict glacier ice melt patterns using historical mass balance data. Leveraging the publicly available global glacier mass balance dataset, the study investigates temporal trends [...]
ARIA: Artificial Intelligence for Sustainability Assessment
Published: 2025-05-21
Subjects: Environmental Engineering
ARIA (Artificial Intelligence for Sustainability Assessment) is a Python package designed to streamline the calculation of environmental impacts based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. It leverages Brightway2 (Mutel, 2017) as its core infrastructure, enabling robust LCA modelling while automating several steps that traditionally require tedious manual effort. ARIA utilises large [...]
Space-time data-driven modeling of wildfire initiation in the mountainous region of Trentino–South Tyrol, Italy
Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Multivariate Analysis, Probability, Statistical Models
Wildfires are complex hazards occurring worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses, fatalities, and carbon emissions. The interplay of climate change, land use alterations, and socioeconomic pressures is expected to further increase the frequency and intensity of wildfires. In this context, developing reliable, dynamic prediction tools is essential for risk mitigation. This work presents a [...]