Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Methodological Concerns Regarding RSPO Certification and Plantation Efficiency in Malaysia. A commentary on "Sustainable Palm Oil Certification Inadvertently Affects Production Efficiency in Malaysia" by Zachlod et al. (2025).
Published: 2025-08-22
Subjects: Agriculture, Environmental Studies, Sustainability
This commentary is in response to the recent article by Zachlod et al. (2025), Sustainable palm oil certification inadvertently affects production efficiency in Malaysia published in Communications Earth & Environment, 6(1), 200. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02150-2. It concludes that Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification leads to reduced plantation efficiency in [...]
Modeling urban traffic heat flux in the Community Earth System Model: Formulation and validation for two sites
Published: 2025-08-22
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Vehicular traffic is a major contributor to anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) in urban areas, amplifying urban heat island effects. However, few Earth system models explicitly represent traffic conditions and their associated heat emissions. This study introduces a new urban traffic module into the Community Earth System Model (CESM), enabling interactive simulation of traffic-related heat in urban [...]
Bayesian Estimation of Paleoearthquake Magnitudes in the Central Apennines
Published: 2025-08-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Paleoseismic data provide critical constraints on earthquake recurrence where instrumental records are limited, but magnitude estimation from geologic evidence requires careful treatment of measurement uncertainties. We develop a Bayesian method with application to the estimation of paleoearthquake magnitudes in the central Apennines, Italy, by jointly analyzing rupture length (L), slip (S), and [...]
Age-Stratified Socio-demographic Determinants of Water Insecurity in Urban Ghana
Published: 2025-08-23
Subjects: Geography
This study examines how age-stratified socio-demographic factors influence water insecurity in urban Ghana, where age-based access differences remain poorly understood. Using survey data from 627 households in three neighborhoods in Accra, we used stratified multivariate logistic regression to analyze water insecurity among three age groups: young adults (18–29 years; 59.2%), middle-aged adults [...]
CHAPTER 4.4 Pyroclastic Density Currents
Published: 2025-08-23
Subjects: Volcanology
Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are hot mixtures of gases and volcanic rock of diverse size, nature, or density, capable of flowing over long distances at velocities of tens to hundreds of kilometers per hour. They typically originate from the gravitational collapse of explosive eruption columns, lava domes or lava-flow fronts, unstable upper-flank material or from explosive lateral blasts. [...]
Strike-slip restraining screwed fault geometry reconstructed from the 2025 Myanmar earthquake
Published: 2025-08-25
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a fault surface model of the 2025 Mw 7.7 Myanmar earthquake based on the potency density tensor inversion (PDTI) of teleseismic P-waves combined with surface reconstruction from distributed potency tensor solutions. Our source model demonstrates that the earthquake fault is twisted, varying the dip angle along strike. Inferred fault twists are prominent near fault-segment junctions, [...]
Rethinking glacial retreat and postglacial expansion of the Netropical palm Mauritia
Published: 2025-08-25
Subjects: Plant Sciences
This paper presents an unconventional perspective on the glacial retraction and postglacial expansion of the lowland Neotropical palm Mauritia flexuosa during the last glacial cycle. The classical view holds that this palm was confined to multiple wet refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), owing to purported Neotropical-wide arid climates. From these refugia, M. flexuosa is thought to [...]
Design and Application of Three-component Force Sensor Principle and Structural Progress
Published: 2025-08-25
Subjects: Engineering
Three-component force sensors are capable of simultaneously detecting force or moment components in three directions in space, and are widely used in robotics, industrial automation, medical equipment, and sports technology. This article focuses on resistive-strain, capacitive, and piezoelectric three-component force sensors. Among them, the resistance strain type three-component force sensor has [...]
Creep behaviour of omphacite and amphibole-plagioclase symplectite: The role of heterogeneous hydration in the Tso Morari eclogite during retrogression
Published: 2025-08-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Replacement reactions progress to varying degrees depending on the P-T conditions, exhumation rates, and fluid availability. The preservation of reactants and retrogressed products allows for the reconstruction of microstructural and mineralogical progression, which we investigated using electron backscattered diffraction and microprobe analyses on the omphacite, amphibole-plagioclase [...]
Updated Trajectory and Spectral Insights into 3I/ATLAS: A Definitive Case for Natural Astrogeological Origins
Published: 2025-08-26
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Astrophysics and Astronomy, Other Earth Sciences, Planetary Geology, Planetary Sciences, Planetary Sedimentology, The Sun and the Solar System
As seen in the most recent August 2025 Hubble imagery, the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS makes a strong case for its natural astrogeological origins, which is consistent with my previously published hypothesis that it is a lithified clastic fragment from an exoplanetary sedimentary basin. With an eccentricity of ~1.2 and an inclination of ~44°, refined trajectory data confirms a gravitational [...]
Parasequences and Bedsets : Examples from the Book Cliffs and Wasatch Plateau of Eastern Utah
Published: 2025-08-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The Late Cretaceous strata that crop-out in east central Utah (USA) have been central to the development and testing of the sequence stratigraphic paradigm for almost 40 years. Large continuous cliff sections in the Books Cliffs and Wasatch Plateau are composed of shallow marine and coastal plain strata arranged in to cycles that show an upward shallowing of facies interpreted as parasequence. [...]
Redefining Uncertainty: A Complete Bayesian Workflow for Ocean Color Remote Sensing
Published: 2025-08-29
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Marine Biology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences
Traditional satellite ocean color algorithms for chlorophyll-a and inherent optical property retrieval rely on deterministic regression models that typically produce single-point predictions without explicit uncertainty quantification. The absence of uncertainty awareness undermines in-situ/model match-ups, reduces predictive reliability, and ultimately erodes user confidence. In the present [...]
Assessing the Economic and Environmental Benefits of Nature-Based Solutions for Sustainable Infrastructure. A Case of Kumasi, Ghana
Published: 2025-08-27
Subjects: Education
Kumasi, Ghana, and most rapidly developing cities in Sub-Saharan Africa are confronted with increasing environmental and infrastructure concerns as a result of rapid urbanization, inadequate land use planning, and climate change. Traditional grey infrastructure has been inadequate in mitigating these problems. This paper assessed the economic and environmental advantages of Nature-Based Solutions [...]
Earthquake body-wave extraction using sparsity-promoting polarization filtering in the time–frequency domain
Published: 2025-08-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Seismic waves generated by earthquakes consist of multiple phases that carry critical information about Earth’s internal structure as they propagate through heterogeneous media. Each seismic phase follows its own propagation path and sampling depth, bringing constraints from different regions of the Earth such as the crust, mantle, or even the outer and inner cores. The choice of phase for [...]
Hydrology-Based Coastal Risk Assessment in Charleston, South Carolina: Sea-Level Rise, Land Subsidence, Nuisance Flooding, and the Overlooked Role of Groundwater Attenuation
Published: 2025-08-29
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Charleston, South Carolina is among the most flood-exposed cities on the United States Atlantic coast. Tide-gauge records show mean sea level rising at 3.51 mm per year since 1921, while InSAR analyses identify localized subsidence exceeding 4 mm per year, producing effective relative rise of 7 to 8 mm per year. This acceleration explains the increase in nuisance flooding from fewer than 5 days [...]