Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
On radiocarbon near the epicenter of the 1908 Tunguska event
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. A large number of hypotheses about its causes have already been put forward. However, so far none of them has received convincing evidence. Since the late 1950s, a large number of studies have been carried out in the area of the Tunguska event, including those related to radiocarbon [...]
Emerging Remote Sensing Tools for Comprehensive Cryosphere Assessment
Published: 2025-10-27
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This review synthesizes current remote sensing (RS) applications for monitoring Earth's cryosphere, encompassing ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, snow cover, permafrost, and mountain ice features. It examines how satellite-based technologies, including radar interferometry, laser altimetry, passive microwave sensors, and optical imagery, have revolutionized cryospheric science by enabling [...]
Complex Realities, Simple Signals? Global Evaluation of Early Warning Signals for Forest Mortality Events
Published: 2025-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences, Sustainability
Forests around the world are increasingly experiencing large-scale regional mortality events as a result of droughts and heat waves. Despite their considerable impacts on the material, non-material, and regulatory contributions of forest ecosystems to people, these mortality events remain difficult to predict. Temporal Early Warning Signals (EWS) based on the concept of Critical Slowing Down [...]
Intermittent supershear rupture punctuated by barrier-induced stopping phase during the 2025 Mw 7.8 Myanmar Earthquake: Evidence from near-fault strong motion observation
Published: 2025-10-24
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Supershear rupture has been investigated by many studies, yet its exact characteristics during natural earthquakes are not fully clear, due to the paucity of near-field constraints. Here we analyze the strong motion data recorded at a near-fault station during the 2025 Mw 7.8 Myanmar earthquake to estimate the detailed source process around that station. By comparing simulated velocity waveforms [...]
Bimodal Astroclimatic Modulation of ENSO Dynamics by Net Shortwave Solar Radiation
Published: 2025-10-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The persistent Spring Predictability Barrier (SPB) suggests that current ENSO models may omit a crucial external forcing. This study identifies and quantifies a bimodal, season-dependent modulation of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the 1999–2024 period, driven by variations in net short-wave solar radiation. Using a SARIMAX framework combined with permutation tests, two distinct [...]
First documented record of the ammonite Turrilites costatus LAMARCK, 1801 from the Cenomanian of northern Saudi Arabia: Implications for Arabian Plate paleogeography
Published: 2025-10-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study presents the first documented occurrence of the heteromorph ammonite genus Turrilites LAMARCK, 1801, from the Cretaceous strata of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In-situ fossil assemblages, identified as Turrilites costatus LAMARCK, 1801, were discovered and documented in three separate outcrops of the Aruma Formation, located south of the city of Ar'ar in northern Saudi Arabia. The [...]
Extreme Heat and Rainfall Risk Attributed to Cumulative CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Producers
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Legal and political approaches to climate accountability require demonstrating that a particular emitter contributed to a climate impact, but quantitative solutions to this attribution challenge remain nascent. This study leverages the proportionality of global warming to cumulative CO2 emissions to develop statistical models that directly predict extreme climate risk from cumulative emissions. [...]
Nondimensional parameter regimes of Arctic ice keel-ocean flow interactions
Published: 2025-10-24
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Sea ice keels modulate upper-ocean momentum and mixing through internal wave (IW) generation, yet their effects are difficult to represent in climate models because their spatio-temporal scales are smaller than those of climate models and difficult to study in idealized simulations because geometry, forcing, and stratification span a large parameter space. We construct a compact description of [...]
Mars' Lowest and Highest Points Revisited
Published: 2025-10-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geomorphology, Planetary Sciences
We present revised values for Mars’ extreme elevations using a blended digital elevation model (DEM) that combines altimetry collected from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) on NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor with stereo imagery from the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on ESA’s Mars Express. The widely cited minimum elevation is derived from an earlier MOLA-only DEM which lacks direct [...]
Fallowed Heat Island: High surface temperature from fallowed agricultural lands increases nearby water demand and reduces crop yield.
Published: 2025-10-25
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
Agricultural land fallowing is a practice of temporarily idling farmlands to maximize soil water storage, restore plant nutrients, and minimize soil erosion hazards. Despite the benefits of land fallowing, it remains unclear to what extent it affects nearby crop productivity. Here, we show that one such effect is through the fallowed heat island, a concept similar to urban heat island, whereby [...]
Comparative Analysis of GHG Calculation Methodologies in Aviation
Published: 2025-10-27
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Sustainability, Transportation Engineering
The aviation sector faces mounting pressure to deliver transparent, comparable greenhouse-gas (GHG) disclosures under European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). We provide a comparison of aviation GHG methodologies spanning simple factor tools and flight-specific, lifecycle-inclusive approaches. Our approach combines a structured documentation review (retaining calculators that publish [...]
Blue Nitrogen: Global Rates and Economic Importance
Published: 2025-10-26
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Life Sciences
Nitrogen pollution drives widespread coastal ecosystem collapse. In this paper, we argue that mangrove forests represent an undervalued natural mitigation solution for nitrogen pollution. By performing a comprehensive meta-analysis, we reveal that mangroves remove 870 Gg N annually, which represents an economic value reaching $8.7 billion via nitrogen credit-based valuation. This value is more [...]
Designing nature-building communities
Published: 2025-08-27
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Urban renaturing efforts increasingly emphasize the role of collaborative governance in managing nature-based solutions (NbS). However, existing frameworks often prioritize institutional perspectives and top-down participation, overlooking the early-stage design needs of grassroots initiatives. This study introduces the concept of Nature-Building Communities (NbCs)—voluntary, community-driven [...]
DeepSubDAS: An Earthquake Phase Picker from Submarine Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data
Published: 2025-10-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Given the scarcity of seismometers in marine environments, traditional seismology has limited effectiveness in oceanic regions. Submarine Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) systems offer a promising alternative for seismic monitoring in these areas. However, the existing machine learning model trained on land-based DAS data does not perform well with submarine DAS due to differences in noise [...]
Arctic Plastification: Climate-driven amplification of plastic pollution through accumulation and fragmentation
Published: 2025-10-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Rapid warming of the Arctic, known as Arctic Amplification, is reshaping ice, ocean, and coastal systems in ways that alter how plastic pollution accumulates and transforms in the region. As global plastic emissions continue to rise, more debris is transported northward by rivers and ocean currents. At the same time, the loss of sea ice, coastal erosion, and the formation of new shorelines are [...]