Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Legacy of peatland erosion shapes microbial communities during recovery
Published: 2025-11-14
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences
Human degradation of peatlands worldwide has turned them into net carbon sources. In upland blanket peatlands, erosion disrupts new plant-derived carbon input and exposes deep peat, putting old carbon at risk of oxidation. The efficacy of restoration in preventing carbon loss and recovering ecosystem function depends on microbial responses to both water table manipulation and renewed litter [...]
Temperature insensitive viscous deformation limits megathrust seismogenesis
Published: 2025-11-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Three models have been proposed to explain the downdip limit of the subduction seismogenic zone. The first is a temperature-controlled transition in rate-and-state frictional properties between 350–510°C, which inhibits earthquake nucleation. The second places the limit at the frictional and viscous failure envelope intersection. The third combines thermal and lithological controls, where 'warm' [...]
Flood Radar: Multi-Sensor SAR-Based Flood Mapping and Evacuation Modeling — A Case Study of the July 2025 Texas Flood
Published: 2025-11-08
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Planetary Sciences
Floods remain among the most destructive natural hazards worldwide, causing an average of USD 40 billion in annual damage and affecting more than 2.5 billion people between 1994 and 2014. The Central Texas flood of July 2025 was one of the most catastrophic in recent decades, triggered by the remnants of Tropical Storm Barry that delivered over 508 mm of rain within two days. This study presents [...]
Extratropical forcing of low-latitude subsurface oxygenation under future warming
Published: 2025-11-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The global ocean is losing oxygen under climate warming, yet most climate models project rising oxygen levels in low-latitude subsurface waters (~100–500 m), partly due to their enhanced ventilation. However, underlying drivers for the enhanced ventilation remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that the enhanced tropical subsurface ventilation is driven by extratropical forcing. While extratropical [...]
Accelerating Geothermal Modeling with Low- and High-Fidelity Fourier Neural Operators
Published: 2025-11-11
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Geothermal reservoir models are costly to build and calibrate, and generating a single forecast can take hours. Operators tasked with field planning and optimization are constrained by the speed of these forecast simulations, limiting the number of scenarios they can explore. Machine learning can be a powerful tool to speed up computationally expensive tasks, but standard approaches using Neural [...]
The Tocantins Framework: A Machine Learning-Based Assessment of Intra-urban Thermal Anomalies
Published: 2025-11-10
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Statistics and Probability, Sustainability
The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has been extensively studied at the city scale. Yet, the Intra-Urban Heat Island and the Intra-Urban Cool Island effects remain poorly characterized due to the absence of standardized quantification frameworks. This study introduces the Tocantins Framework, a dual-metric system combining machine learning and spatial morphology to identify and quantify [...]
Quantification Error Model for Aerial LiDAR Methane Emission Rate Estimates
Published: 2025-11-11
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Environmental Monitoring, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Statistical Models
Accurate characterization of methane emission rate quantification error (QE) is essential for building measurement-based emissions inventories that benchmark emissions, guide mitigation, and satisfy reporting frameworks such as OGMP 2.0. Previous studies have summarized QE using distributions of errors from controlled release experiments, but with limited consideration of environmental conditions [...]
Reducing the global human footprint on lake water quality near river inlets
Published: 2025-11-12
Subjects: Fresh Water Studies, Hydrology, Other Environmental Sciences, Remote Sensing, Water Resource Management
Human activities have degraded lake water quality globally, leading to toxic algae proliferation and anoxia. The spatial variability of these impacts within lakes and the potential for targeted nutrient pollution reduction to improve water quality remain however underexplored at the global scale. Using 742 million chlorophyll-a (chl-a) estimates from six satellite sensors (daily, 1–4 km [...]
Pressure-driven microbial and viral dynamics on individual sinking particles: implications for carbon cycling
Published: 2025-11-12
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Marine Biology, Oceanography
The ocean’s biological carbon pump (BCP) regulates atmospheric CO2 by exporting organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. This process mainly depends on microbial communities associated with sinking particles which produce, degrade and transform organic matter. While many factors impact the efficiency of the BCP, here, we focus on particle heterogeneity and hydrostatic pressure, i.e. the [...]
Linking Water Temperature Variability to Water Quality Dynamics in Beck Lake, an Urban Inland Lake in Chicago (2020–2024)
Published: 2025-11-13
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Abstract This study examines the effect of climate variability on water quality in Beck Lake, an inland urban lake in Chicago, Illinois, from 2020 to 2024. The lake is maintained by the Chicago Park District and contains aquatic life such as Bluegill, Largemouth Bass, and Northern Pike. To determine climate influence, satellite-derived water temperature data were analyzed using time series [...]
Paying for Drawdown: the Value of Commitment on the Cost of Ending Global Warming
Published: 2025-11-13
Subjects: Environmental Studies
This paper develops a mechanism to pay for drawing down excess atmospheric carbon dioxide while avoiding third party payments. Assuming this mechanism, the paper investigates the costs of reversing global warming under different levels of commitment. The costs are based on simulated auctions for emissions and carbon removal to reach a climate goal by a particular date. The paper describes a [...]
Snow water equivalent estimates from airborne radar in the St. Elias Mountains
Published: 2026-05-20
Subjects: Glaciology
Quantifying the input mass from snow accumulation on rapidly changing glaciers is critical to establishing baseline states and predicting responses to climate change. Some of the largest glaciers in the world are located in the St. Elias Mountains in Southeast Alaska and Southwest Yukon; however, the input mass to these glaciers is poorly constrained. Here we used airborne radar sounding combined [...]
Developing an Open-access Telegram Bot for Automated, estimation and IA-based interpreted of OpenQuake Ground-Motion intensity measures
Published: 2025-11-13
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The prediction of Intensity Measures (IMs) using Ground-Motion Models (GMMs) is a fundamental component of seismic hazard assessment. However, the best estimation of IMs traditionally requires specialised searchers, programming expertise, and the manual sourcing of regression coefficients. This complexity creates a significant barrier to rapid, scenario-based analysis for engineers, researchers, [...]
Recent climate change reduced Spanish forests' carbon sink capacity
Published: 2025-11-13
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Forest Sciences, Life Sciences
Forests play a crucial role as carbon sinks and are central to climate mitigation strategies, yet their long-term reliability in this function is increasingly uncertain under climate change. Using deep learning techniques on a multi-source dataset—combining multi-spectral satellite data, airborne laser scanning, and ground-based measurements—we produced the most up-to-date high-resolution maps of [...]
The Data Behind AI Coastal Forecasting: Inputs, Sources, and Preprocessing Approaches
Published: 2025-11-14
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Oceanography
Coastal zones, shaped by marine and terrestrial processes, are home to over 40% of the global population and contribute significantly to the global economy. However, their attractiveness also makes them vulnerable to extreme coastal water levels (ECWLs), which can lead to catastrophic flooding. ECWLs, driven by sea-level changes, waves, and tidal variations, have become more frequent and severe [...]