Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Strengthening tropical cyclones are associated with more frequent hazardous material pipeline failures in the Eastern US
Published: 2024-12-04
Subjects: Engineering
Over 30,000 hazardous material pipeline (HMP) failures have caused nearly $11 billion in damages since 1970. Tropical cyclones, which cause more infrastructure damage than all other forms of natural disasters combined, are under-reported causes of HMP failures, largely due to historic policy around pipeline failure reporting. This study defines tropical cyclone-associated HMP failure frequency [...]
Numerical calculation of coastal trapped wave modes
Published: 2025-11-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A numerical method is developed to calculate coastal trapped wave (CTW) modes in the low-frequency limit ω ≪ f. The modes are solutions to a 2-dimensional eigenvalue problem. Useful properties like orthogonality are derived from the bilinear form associated with the operator of the eigenvalue problem. Our formulation uses the z coordinates and the CTW equation is discretized with a [...]
Extremely Shallow Semi-Repeating Tremor Caused by Water Hammers in a Sewer Pipe in Social Circle, Georgia
Published: 2025-11-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Repeating earthquakes are mostly generated by small asperities that are loaded by continuous creep surrounding them, and their recurrence times are inversely proportional to the loading rates. However, sometimes anthropogenic activities can also produce repeated seismic shakings with shorter recurrence intervals, and their source mechanisms can vary. Here we investigated semi-repeating ground [...]
Computation to Choose a Future: Planetary Stewardship in the Age of AI
Published: 2025-11-26
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The accelerating transformations of the Anthropocene demand governance systems capable of anticipating and steering complex, nonlinear Earth-system dynamics. Existing models optimize for likely trajectories rather than exploring a broader set of futures. This commentary introduces the concept of Computational Foresight (CF): an integrative framework combining artificial intelligence, simulation, [...]
VolcAshDB open services for visualization and semi-automated classification of volcanic ash particles
Published: 2026-04-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Volcanic ash particles contain critical pieces of information about their origin and the processes driving the eruptive activity. However, the classification of particles into different types (juvenile, lithic, free crystal, altered material) is not standardized and varies from observer to observer. As a result, datasets produced by different research groups are often difficult or not possible to [...]
Oxidation state of Mayotte magmatic series: insights from Fe and S K-edge XANES spectroscopy
Published: 2025-11-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Volcanology
Following the 2018-2020 Fani Maoré submarine eruption near Mayotte Island, Indian Ocean, multiple oceanographic expeditions provide unprecedented access to fresh alkaline volcanic glasses spanning basanite to phonolite compositions from the East-Mayotte Volcanic Chain (EMVC). We applied Fe and S K-edge X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) to determine iron and sulfur oxidation states [...]
A First Principles Critique of the Back Calculation Method: Understanding and Assessing the Alteration of Atmospheric Gases Trapped in Ancient Fluid Inclusions
Published: 2025-11-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The extraction of atmospheric gases from fluid inclusions has emerged as an extremely promising approach for directly constraining the composition of Earth's ancient atmospheres. However, the veracity of data obtained from these inclusions critically depends on how well one can account for the effects of physical chemistry and post-depositional alteration. The Back Calculation Method (BCM) [...]
Retrospective Detection of Seismic Precursors Using Multi-Scale Energy Curvature
Published: 2025-11-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Energy curvature controls catastrophic failure in seismic systems. We show this through a self-normalizing logarithmic functional Fω = ω(t)² · log(1 + |ω(t)| / median(|ω|)), where ω is the second derivative of seismic energy release. When F stays bounded, the system remains stable. When F diverges, rupture becomes more probable. Our precursor detection method combines spectral analysis using [...]
Throw rate acceleration caused by dip-linkage on normal faults
Published: 2025-11-28
Subjects: Tectonics and Structure
Areas of crustal extension often contain pre-existing structures that can reactivate or influence the geometry and growth of new, overlying faults. As strain accumulates, it is well know that new faults may link down-dip with pre-existing faults. Such linkage invariably leads to an increase in fault surface area, which is empirically linked to increasing seismic hazard. However, the timescales [...]
Characterization of historical rainfall patterns: linear segmentation and quadratic bifurcation
Published: 2025-11-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This article proposes a method for characterizing rainfall transitions based on historical series. Two synthetic parameters are analyzed: the annual or seasonal amount of rainfall (RR) and the median of daily rainfall (m). This median is estimated by means of a log-logistic adjustment (Fisk), ensuring a robust measurement of the daily rainfall distribution. Two complementary approaches are used [...]
Estimating the Global Oil-Gas Methane Emission Rate Distribution at Facility Scale using Multiple Satellite Systems
Published: 2025-11-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We estimate the global oil and gas (OG) emission rate distribution above ~20 kg h-1 at facility scale using 16,294 quantified OG methane emission rates detected from five high-resolution satellite instrument/data processing combinations in 2024 and 2025 (GHGSat/GHGSat, Tanager/Carbon Mapper, EMIT/Carbon Mapper, Sentinel-2/IMEO-MARS, Landsat/IMEO-MARS). We find that the emission rate distribution [...]
Matters Arising: Critical Methodological Flaws in Qin et al. (2025) "Mangrove sediment carbon burial offset by methane emissions from mangrove tree stems"
Published: 2025-11-29
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences
The authors report global mangrove stem CH₄ emissions of 730.60 Gg yr⁻¹, offsetting 16.9% of carbon burial. However, their analysis suffers from critical methodological flaws involving the failure to remove extreme statistical outliers, with 14.2% of chamber measurements and 15.5% of site observations identified as outliers by standard criteria. The analysis demonstrates inappropriate handling of [...]
When the City Never Sleeps: Urban Climate Vulnerabilities in Ghana’s Shift to a 24-Hour Economy
Published: 2025-11-29
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Ghana’s 24H+ Programme proposes a transition toward a 24-hour economy as a strategy to expand employment, strengthen productivity, and modernize national development. While the policy outlines economic and infrastructural priorities, its implications for urban climate risks and resilience have not been examined. This study assesses how continuous economic activity may influence climate-related [...]
The Formation of Seaward-dipping Reflectors in Volcanic Margins: Insights from High-resolution Visco-elasto-plastic Geodynamic Models with Extrusive Surface Processes
Published: 2025-11-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic reflection data from volcanic margins show thick packages of seaward-dipping reflectors (SDRs) that are commonly interpreted as buried subaerial lava flows. The origins of SDRs remain debated with proposed mechanisms including (1) syn-kinematic extrusion of lava flows on extended continental crust, (2) progressive rotation of subaerial lava flows due to volcanic loading and magmatic [...]
Spatiotemporal connections in high precipitation events in Iran: Application of complex networks
Published: 2025-11-29
Subjects: Environmental Education, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Studies, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Water Resource Management
Study region A relatively large area covering east and west Asia, north Africa, and Europe. Study focus This study examines the complex correlation patterns of high precipitation events in Iran and the rest of the study region. For this purpose, the Complex Networks Theory is used to find the links between high precipitation events in Iran and the rest of the study area with different time lags. [...]