Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Bending the Sierra Madre Oriental: A Paleocene Orocline
Published: 2025-11-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Tectonics and Structure
The Sierra Madre Oriental belt of the Mexican thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belt, which formed during the Late Cretaceous due to the subduction of the Farallon Plate beneath North America, exhibits a pronounced curvature of approximately 100°, concave to the southwest. A recent paleomagnetic study in Jurassic rocks has classified the curvature of the Sierra Madre Oriental as an orocline. However, [...]
Two-thirds of new fossil fuel infrastructure targets critical ecosystems, elevating health risks for millions
Published: 2025-11-12
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
While the fossil fuel industry’s role in driving climate change is well established, the elevated risks to fenceline communities and critical ecosystems remain underexplored at a global scale, limited to a handful of prior coarse assessments. Here we map over 18,000 operating fossil fuel facilities across 170 countries, and assess their placement in surrounding populations and ecosystems, [...]
Modelling the transport and dispersion of volcanic co-PDC ash clouds using NAME: an evaluation of source geometry and mass eruption rate
Published: 2025-11-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are gravity currents that frequently form during explosive volcanic eruptions. These ground-hugging density currents consist of high-temperature mixtures of pyroclasts (e.g., ash, pumice), lithics, and gas. They have the potential to generate co-PDC plumes, which detach from the underlying PDC as they buoyantly rise into the atmosphere. Co-PDC plumes, composed [...]
Why are farmers in South India shifting from conventional ‘Green Revolution’ agriculture to natural farming? A mixed-methods study
Published: 2025-11-04
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Introduction: The Green Revolution contributed to significant increases in crop production and yield in India. However, it also resulted in negative social and environmental consequences. In response, alternative farming practices have emerged which are based on agroecological principles, such as natural farming. In the recent years government policies at state and national level are also [...]
A Two-Stage Fitting Method for Truncated Stem Diameter Distributions
Published: 2025-11-06
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Forest Management, Statistical Methodology, Statistical Models
Stem diameter distributions underpin growth projections, harvest scheduling, and carbon accounting, yet permanent sample plot inventories are routinely truncated by merchantability limits and maximum expected diameters. The accepted remedy is to fit truncated versions of the desired density, but those forms are seldom documented or supported in common software, so practitioners often default to [...]
Multi-Agent Geophysical AI Workflow for Automated Reservoir Characterization
Published: 2025-11-07
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computational Engineering, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology
Traditional geophysical workflows like reservoir characterization are driven in a collaborative manner where teams of geoscientists share their individual analyses to inform key decisions made by executives. However, these workflows are repetitive, time-consuming, prone to human error, and introduce subjective bias. While researchers have used automation to address these limitations via deep [...]
From clay raw materials to ceramics: mineralogical and geochemical markers for assessing refinement technologies and provenance in north-western Tuscany (Italy)
Published: 2026-05-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the provenance and selection of ceramic raw materials is essential for reconstructing past technological practices and production networks. Twenty-four clay outcrops from geological formations and deposits located near documented production sites in north-western Tuscany (Italy) were sampled, refined into experimental briquettes, and fired. The samples were characterised using a [...]
A snag for nutrient fertilization: decoupled production and export
Published: 2026-03-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Microbiology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Interest in nutrient fertilization waned after inconclusive field experiments, but has resurged. Collating Southern Ocean \textit{in-situ} observations and available fertilization simulations, we find phytoplankton primary production and organic carbon export are uncorrelated in the largest high-nutrient-low-chlorophyll (HNLC) region, while model estimates cast doubt on realistic deployments [...]
A proof-of-stake blockchain framework for transparent climate data verification
Published: 2025-11-06
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Trust in climate data remains a significant barrier to effective climate action. Skepticism about data manipulation and politicization reduces confidence and hinders evidence-based policy. Existing climate data systems lack transparent verification and accessible analytical tools, limiting accountability and stakeholder engagement. This study presents a reproducible framework that applies [...]
Emerging AI Solutions for Hazardous PET Waste in Marine Environments: A Review of Underexplored Paradigms
Published: 2025-11-06
Subjects: Engineering
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pollution, due to its persistence, chemical recalcitrance, and widespread usage, represents a growing hazard to marine ecosystems. Its accumulation contributes to long-term ecotoxicological risks, food chain contamination, and environmental degradation. Addressing this challenge necessitates the adoption of scalable, efficient, and intelligent strategies for [...]
It’s Not Just Risk—It’s Responsibility: Changing Drivers of Home Flood Protection
Published: 2025-11-06
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Private household adaptation is a critical yet underutilised element of flood resilience. Property-level measures might reduce up to 80\% of damage if adopted in a timely manner. However, socio-behavioural factors serve as constraints to adaptation. Among them, a lack of risk awareness is considered a primary barrier. Empirical research typically relies on a single snapshot of data, implicitly [...]
THE ROLE OF IRON CENTERS IN COAL OXIDATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF SURFACE ACTIVE SITE DENSITY
Published: 2026-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Iron in coals occurs in various forms (pyrite, ultradispersed particles, ions in the carbon matrix) and plays a key role in oxidation processes, spontaneous combustion, liquefaction, and gasification. Although extensive experimental data have accumulated over recent decades, a systematic generalization linking quantitative estimates of the surface density of catalytically active Fe centers to [...]
Rheological control on earthquake source kinematics and dynamics at the Hengill geothermal field
Published: 2025-11-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We analyze seismic source parameters of the induced earthquakes at the Hengill (Iceland) between 2018 and 202 to investigate rupture processes in a complex volcanic–geothermal setting. Our analysis reveals a source scaling relation that deviates from the commonly assumed M0 ∝ fc^-3. By combining stress tensor orientation, lithostatic and hydrostatic pressure, and frictional strength estimates, we [...]
Relict landscapes and fluvial landforms: Catastrophic outflow following a major Late Messinian base-level fall
Published: 2025-11-06
Subjects: Analysis, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Mathematics, Physics, Stratigraphy
During the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC), the entire Mediterranean Basins underwent dramatic canyon incision along its margins due to fluctuating sea levels and rapidly increasing salinity. However, the specific processes and water sources responsible for such profound landscape transformations have yet to be quantitatively demonstrated. In this study, we combine high resolution 3D seismic [...]
Spatiotemporal dynamics of air pollution and vegetation health in a rapidly urbanizing city in northeastern Bangladesh
Published: 2025-11-07
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Forest Sciences, Geography
Air pollution poses a significant environmental concern and is recognized as the fourth leading risk factor affecting human health. Understanding the levels of air pollution and its relationships with vegetation is crucial for assessing health risks under rapid urbanization. In this study, using the extracted imagery from the Sentinel-5 and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) [...]