Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Retrospective Detection of Seismic Precursors Using Multi-Scale Energy Curvature
Published: 2025-11-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Energy curvature controls catastrophic failure in seismic systems. We show this through a self-normalizing logarithmic functional Fω = ω(t)² · log(1 + |ω(t)| / median(|ω|)), where ω is the second derivative of seismic energy release. When F stays bounded, the system remains stable. When F diverges, rupture becomes more probable. Our precursor detection method combines spectral analysis using [...]
Resolving the SAI Trilemma with a Novel Core–Shell Mineral Aerosol: DoloSil-20, a Silica-Passivated Dolomite Architecture for Simultaneous Optical Efficiency, Thermal Neutrality, and Ozone Safety
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Conventional stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) strategies based on liquid sulfate aerosols (H2SO4.H2O) introduce well-documented risks of catalytic ozone destruction and stratospheric near-infrared heating. From a materials-science perspective, the core challenge is one of multi-objective material selection: identifying a particle composition that simultaneously optimizes optical performance, [...]
Throw rate acceleration caused by dip-linkage on normal faults
Published: 2025-11-28
Subjects: Tectonics and Structure
Areas of crustal extension often contain pre-existing structures that can reactivate or influence the geometry and growth of new, overlying faults. As strain accumulates, it is well know that new faults may link down-dip with pre-existing faults. Such linkage invariably leads to an increase in fault surface area, which is empirically linked to increasing seismic hazard. However, the timescales [...]
Characterization of historical rainfall patterns: linear segmentation and quadratic bifurcation
Published: 2025-11-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This article proposes a method for characterizing rainfall transitions based on historical series. Two synthetic parameters are analyzed: the annual or seasonal amount of rainfall (RR) and the median of daily rainfall (m). This median is estimated by means of a log-logistic adjustment (Fisk), ensuring a robust measurement of the daily rainfall distribution. Two complementary approaches are used [...]
Mapping Ice Slabs over Antarctic Ice Shelves using Quad-Polarization L-band Radar Backscatter
Published: 2026-08-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Nearly 3 months of enhanced-resolution, quad-polarization, L-band (1.26 GHz) radar backscatter (σo) image time series are used to map the ice slab extent over the percolation facies of Antarctic ice shelves for the first time from space. Distinctive spatial trends in σo, incidence angle, and polarization signatures mapped via principal component analysis (PCA) are used to develop a [...]
Estimating the Global Oil-Gas Methane Emission Rate Distribution at Facility Scale using Multiple Satellite Systems
Published: 2025-11-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We estimate the global oil and gas (OG) emission rate distribution above ~20 kg h-1 at facility scale using 16,294 quantified OG methane emission rates detected from five high-resolution satellite instrument/data processing combinations in 2024 and 2025 (GHGSat/GHGSat, Tanager/Carbon Mapper, EMIT/Carbon Mapper, Sentinel-2/IMEO-MARS, Landsat/IMEO-MARS). We find that the emission rate distribution [...]
Matters Arising: Critical Methodological Flaws in Qin et al. (2025) "Mangrove sediment carbon burial offset by methane emissions from mangrove tree stems"
Published: 2025-11-28
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences
The authors report global mangrove stem CH₄ emissions of 730.60 Gg yr⁻¹, offsetting 16.9% of carbon burial. However, their analysis suffers from critical methodological flaws involving the failure to remove extreme statistical outliers, with 14.2% of chamber measurements and 15.5% of site observations identified as outliers by standard criteria. The analysis demonstrates inappropriate handling of [...]
When the City Never Sleeps: Urban Climate Vulnerabilities in Ghana’s Shift to a 24-Hour Economy
Published: 2025-11-29
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Ghana’s 24H+ Programme proposes a transition toward a 24-hour economy as a strategy to expand employment, strengthen productivity, and modernize national development. While the policy outlines economic and infrastructural priorities, its implications for urban climate risks and resilience have not been examined. This study assesses how continuous economic activity may influence climate-related [...]
The Formation of Seaward-dipping Reflectors in Volcanic Margins: Insights from High-resolution Visco-elasto-plastic Geodynamic Models with Extrusive Surface Processes
Published: 2025-11-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic reflection data from volcanic margins reveal thick packages of seaward-dipping reflectors (SDRs) that are commonly interpreted as buried subaerial lava flows. This study presents the first systematic investigation of SDR formation using high-resolution visco-elasto-plastic geodynamic models that incorporate strain weakening and couple melt generation to a surface-processes model that [...]
Spatiotemporal connections in high precipitation events in Iran: Application of complex networks
Published: 2025-11-29
Subjects: Environmental Education, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Studies, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Water Resource Management
Study region A relatively large area covering east and west Asia, north Africa, and Europe. Study focus This study examines the complex correlation patterns of high precipitation events in Iran and the rest of the study region. For this purpose, the Complex Networks Theory is used to find the links between high precipitation events in Iran and the rest of the study area with different time lags. [...]
A lithium isotopic perspective of basalt weathering: Cycling of Li and its mobility relative to Ca and Mg
Published: 2025-12-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Lithium isotope composition (δ7Li) has been extensively utilized to trace silicate weathering. Although the direction and magnitude of Li isotope fractionation during Li adsorption onto secondary minerals are well understood, the relative importance of Li partitioning via its adsorption vis-à-vis structural incorporation into clay minerals on overall Li isotope fractionation remains poorly [...]
Formation and alteration of magnesite nodules from Kunwarara, Queensland, Australia, as an analogue to Mg-carbonate formation on Mars
Published: 2025-11-30
Subjects: Planetary Sciences
Magnesite (MgCO3) is a magnesium carbonate mineral that records the aqueous environmental conditions of its formation. On Earth, magnesite forms in metamorphic, diagenetic or pedogenic environments, and distinguishing between these environments is critical for understanding the nature of fluid chemistry during magnesite precipitation. Magnesite has been identified across the Nili Fossae region on [...]
Advancing CLMU for regional urban climate simulations through WRF coupling: intercomparison with NOAH–SLUCM
Published: 2025-12-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Urban areas are highly vulnerable to climate extremes, creating a pressing need for reliable modeling tools to support climate adaptation. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is widely used for regional urban climate simulations, and incorporating an alternative urban scheme for long-term climate projections expands the available modeling options and supports more robust simulation [...]
Recent intensification of eastern Pacific ENSO is unprecedented across the last millennium
Published: 2026-05-01
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon generates climate extremes that endanger ecosystems, infrastructure, and human well-being worldwide. The response of this system to climate warming is poorly constrained, due to data scarcity and climate model biases, making projections of future climate hazards uncertain. The geochemistry of Galápagos coral skeletons across the past [...]
Evaluating Trade-offs Between Irrigation Profit and Streamflow Depletion Using a Hydro-Economic Model
Published: 2025-12-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Groundwater overexploitation can reduce flows in connected rivers through streamflow depletion, which threatens ecosystems and downstream users who often rely on these flows for their economic wellbeing. Quantifying groundwater-surface water interactions and their economic trade-offs remains challenging for sustainable water management. This study integrates analytical groundwater and streamflow [...]