Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Present and future coastal flooding hazard for Long Island, NY and Long Island Sound (NY/CT), USA.
Published: 2025-12-02
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Coastal flooding and the associated damages due to storms are increasing with sea level rise around the world, with regional variability in the severity of impacts., Researchers and resource managers need to better understand and predict the future shifts in coastal flooding due to these processes to plan for resilient and sustainable communities. Here we present an analysis of long-term [...]
Where were the mountains and how big were they?
Published: 2025-12-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Constraining past topography and the shape of Earth’s surface is the next frontier in palaeogeography and full-plate tectonic modelling. Mountains are highly dynamic on geological time scales, growing in response to tectonic processes such as subduction and continent collision, and eroding as they are exposed to precipitation and time. Mountain ranges regulate atmospheric circulation and enforce [...]
Ocean-arcs as a hidden cooling mechanism during the early Paleozoic
Published: 2025-12-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The late Cambrian to end Ordovician is marked by a long-term climatic cooling, culminating with the short lived (<2 Ma) Hirnantian icehouse, before recovering to warmer climates. Increased silicate weathering during the Laurentian Taconic orogeny, driven by the accretion of ocean island arcs and obduction of ophiolites, has been invoked as a causal mechanism to help explain cooling. However, [...]
Hybrid Neural PDE and Conditional GAN Framework for Sparse Co₂ Plume Prediction.
Published: 2025-12-03
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
Digital twin architectures for geological carbon storage demand uncertainty-aware surrogates capable of rapid plume forecasting under extreme data scarcity. Traditional physics-based simulators are computationally expensive; pure data-driven models lack principled uncertainty quantification. This work presents a hybrid Neural Posterior Density Estimation–Conditional GAN (NPDE-CCGAN) framework [...]
Longitudinal assessment of research in GIScience domain shows a positive impact of reproducible research practices
Published: 2025-12-03
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences
Reproducibility is increasingly recognised as a cornerstone of rigorous science, prompting many publishers to require full documentation, data and software access, and archiving of study materials. Yet prior work shows that such practices, that are essential for communicating research transparently, remain comparatively low in the Geographic Information Science (GIScience) research community. To [...]
Comment on Barboni et al. (2025), ‘Pervasive impact modification of pristine lunar clasts’
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
In a recent contribution, Barboni et al. (2025) present an experimental calibration relating the aluminium content of zircon and its parent melt under lunar conditions. This calibration is then used to argue that lunar zircons are not in equilibrium with their host silicate melts, and that caution is required when interpreting zircon-derived U-Pb dates in evolved lunar rocks. Their contribution [...]
Satellite Validation of Citizen Science Marine Pollution Data: Multi-Site Correlation Analysis of Sentinel-2 Floating Debris Index and EyeSea Ground-Truth Reports
Published: 2026-03-28
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Natural Resources and Conservation
We present the first multi-site correlation analysis between the Sentinel-2 Floating Debris Index (FDI) and community-reported marine pollution data from the EyeSea citizen science platform. Across three geographically diverse coastal sites—Vasai-Virar (India), Santa Cruz, Galápagos (Ecuador), and Puerto Montt (Chile)—8,123 geotagged beach pollution reports were analysed against 91 Sentinel-2 L2A [...]
Assessment of the GraphCast AI model for precipitation forecasting and its potential in extreme event prediction over Bangladesh
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Bangladesh situated in the tropical monsoon region is one of the most rainfall-sensitive countries in the world with terrain ranging from northwest floodplains to southern coastal deltas to eastern hilly regions. This complex landscape coupled with intensified climate variability influences local convection and extreme precipitation events, making short range forecasting particularly difficult. [...]
An assessment of the quality of microanalysis of silicate glass using scanning electron microscope-based energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS)
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The composition of volcanic glass records important clues into the origin and evolution of magmatic systems. However, the analysis of volcanic glass presents challenges when performed using electron-beam techniques, particularly due to Na mobility. While microanalysis of geological materials is usually performed using electron microprobe-based wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (EMP-WDS), we [...]
Latitudinal impacts of Hurricane Lorenzo on North Atlantic physics and biology
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Life Sciences
Hurricane Lorenzo was the easternmost Category 5 Atlantic hurricane on record. The impact of this exceptional storm on North Atlantic sea surface temperature, mixed layer depth and chlorophyll-a concentrations is investigated in this study using high-resolution daily interpolated satellite, historical in-situ vertical profiles, and model-derived datasets. Results show that Lorenzo induced strong [...]
Exacerbation of levee failure with climate change: Insights from ERT monitoring
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Climate change in Western Europe is bringing hotter, drier summers and warmer, wetter winters. This will place greater stress on ageing levees by intensifying soil moisture fluctuations and increasing hydraulic loading. Conventional inspections cannot see inside these structures, so detecting and monitoring subsurface deterioration remains a critical challenge. We monitored a clay levee [...]
China’s Water Renaissance: Conflict Resolution, Environmental Reform, and the Clean-Energy Transition in Contemporary China (2020–2025)
Published: 2025-12-06
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Between 2020 and 2025, China accelerated a sweeping transformation of its water governance, environmental law, and clean-energy infrastructure. Anchored in the doctrine of ecological civilization, the country strengthened basin-scale legislation—including the landmark Yangtze River Protection Law—restored degraded river systems, expanded monitoring networks, and advanced nature-based solutions. [...]
Open-source tools for making geometrically-complex fault surfaces
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Three--dimensional fault geometries are critical for realistic analyses of crustal deformation, seismic hazard, and rupture dynamics, yet 3D fault datasets are sparse outside a few well--studied regions. We present a set of free and open-source QGIS plugins that enable users to construct accurate 3D fault surfaces from common types of geological and geophysical data. The workflow combines (1) [...]
Earth's Bad Decades: A Sedimentary Record of the Chicxulub Aftermath from the New Jersey Coastal Plain and Offshore
Published: 2026-10-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
The New Jersey Coastal Plain (NJCP) preserves records of the Chicxulub impact approximately 2,500 km from the crater, providing a unique archive of ejecta fallout, sediment reworking, ecological disruption, and recovery following the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Preservation of impact deposits varies with depositional setting. Offshore sections beneath the NJ continental shelf and slope [...]
The puzzling yet tractable diversity of global groundwater sustainability challenges
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Global groundwater sustainability is a grand challenge that requires diverse approaches to account for local contexts. Yet, global groundwater assessments often focus solely on aggregate physical trends in storage, levels, and fluxes, overlooking the diversity of social-ecological functions provided by groundwater and their associated sustainability challenges. Here, we introduce groundwater [...]