Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
PetThermoTools: a fast, flexible, and accessible Python3 package for performing thermodynamic calculations
Published: 2025-12-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present PetThermoTools - an open-source Python3 tool for performing thermodynamic simulations of mantle and magmatic processes. Thermodynamic modeling forms a central component to many research projects in igneous petrology. However, few studies utilize the full potential of these methods due to the steep learning curve associated with existing code or text-based interfaces (e.g., [...]
Mapping the interaction of a pyroclastic density current with irregular topography: the chemically-zoned, low aspect-ratio Green Tuff ignimbrite, Pantelleria, Italy
Published: 2026-03-05
Subjects: Volcanology
Pyroclastic density currents are known to have high mobility, overtopping topographic barriers great distances from source. However, how density currents interact with topography is not yet fully understood, particularly with regard to dense, granular, sustained currents. We used detailed chemical mapping to show how the response of an individual pyroclastic current to topographic barriers [...]
Tandem: An Open-Source High-Performance Computing Volumetric Software to Model Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip Across Complex Fault Systems
Published: 2025-12-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Simulating sequences of earthquakes and aseismic slip (SEAS) on realistic fault systems provides a physical framework to understand the evolution of the seismic cycle, but remains computationally expensive. Volumetric approaches offer the physical flexibility to handle complex geometries and heterogeneous off-fault media but may incur prohibitively high computational costs when applied to the [...]
A Late Miocene Reduction in the Spatial Breadth of Marine Tephra Occurrence: A Five-Basin Test of the Volcanic-Pulse Hypothesis
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Episodic "pulses" of explosive volcanism have been widely invoked to explain climatic and biotic events across the Phanerozoic, but rarely tested against a high-resolution, multi-basin occurrence record. I tested for non-random temporal clustering of explosive volcanism using VOLCORE, a compilation of 34,696 visible tephra layers recovered by ocean drilling from across the world’s ocean basins. [...]
Bridging science, policy, practice and purpose: global insights from sustainability leaders driving transformative change
Published: 2026-05-09
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Seventeen percent of the Sustainable Development Goals are currently on track to be achieved by 2030. That number points to a problem that better frameworks and more ambitious targets have not resolved: the gap between sustainability policy and operational delivery is not primarily a design problem. It is, at least in part, a leadership problem. This study examines how that problem is experienced [...]
Dynamic estuarine Chlorophyll-a estimation-based time series harmonized Landsat- Sentinel images
Published: 2025-12-12
Subjects: Environmental Studies
This research develops a vigorous approach to estimate Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in the dynamic, optically complex waters (or Case 2 water including coastal waters, estuaries and inland water bodies) of Ganh Rai Bay, Vietnam by leveraging time series harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (TM-HLS) imagery. One of the fundamental challenges while conducting this method to compute Chl-a signal [...]
Seismic and infrasound signals from the 2023 explosive eruption sequence of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska
Published: 2026-03-28
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Volcanology
Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska erupted in 2023 with 13 explosive paroxysms over a 4 month period, producing notable seismic and low frequency acoustic (infrasound) signals recorded on a local geophysical network. We describe the pre-, syn-, and post-eruptive seismoacoustic signals from the 2023 eruption sequence. Using a recently developed machine learning classifier, we detect and categorize diverse [...]
Caravan-Qual: A global scale integration of water quality observations into a large-sample hydrology dataset
Published: 2025-12-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Protecting and improving surface water quality is contingent upon understanding the trends and spatial patterns in physical, biological, and chemical conditions and their underlying drivers. This requires observational data, spanning a diverse range of water quality constituents, coupled with contextual environmental data. Here we present the first global-scale integration of water quality into [...]
Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration: A Year– Month Trend analysis
Published: 2025-12-13
Subjects: Environmental Education
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) remains the principal driver of contemporary climate change, yet accurately forecasting its temporal evolution requires models capable of capturing complex nonlinear and seasonal dynamics. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of thirteen supervised machine-learning algorithms to model and predict long-term atmospheric CO₂ concentrations using [...]
Towards Entire Wavefield Inversion in Highly Scattering Volcanic Environments using Fourier Neural Operators
Published: 2025-12-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic imaging in volcanic environments is highly challenging due to significant scattering of seismic waves on multiple spatial scales. When these wavefields are recorded on the surface by seismic arrays, seismograms generally contain information-rich codas in addition to ballistic first arrivals. Later reflected and refracted arrivals are often completely masked by the scattered coda waves. [...]
Vegetation Does Not Control Suspended Sediment Deposition in Salt Marshes
Published: 2025-12-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Intertidal marshes are valuable geophysical systems, but their extent is rapidly declining globally. Marshes tend to keep up with sea-level rise through suspended-sediment and organic-matter deposition, up to a marsh-specific threshold rate of sea-level rise. Studies that explore marsh survival often assume that inorganic sediment deposition rates are directly linked to the density of marsh [...]
An update of the LDEO fCO2-Residual method: algorithmic choices improve ocean carbon sink estimates
Published: 2025-12-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We evaluate the impact of various algorithmic design choices on reconstruction skill and estimated air-sea CO2 flux using the fCO2-Residual machine learning (ML) method (Bennington et al., 2022a) to reconstruct surface ocean fCO2. We reconstruct fCO2 globally over the period 1982-2023 by optimizing the hyperparameter selection process (ResidualOPT) and/or using ΔfCO2-Residual (subtracting fCO2atm [...]
Noisy Sampling Inherent to Daily Precipitation Observations and Implications About Return Level Inferences
Published: 2025-12-13
Subjects: Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Daily precipitation observations form the backbone of the United States precipitation network. However, precipitation is episodic over minutes and hours and is (seasonally) diurnally driven, which immediately raises questions about the statistical characteristics of its extreme daily accumulations in general. Atop this is layered troubling context: during the historical period of these [...]
Misalignments between national mangrove monitoring capacities and climate policy ambitions
Published: 2025-12-14
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Studies, Forest Sciences, Geography, Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Ambitious global targets for mangrove conservation have advanced rapidly in recent years, yet the implementation of these commitments depends largely on national monitoring systems and policy processes. Despite widespread reliance on country-reported data for setting and evaluating targets, little is known about how national mangrove statistics are generated or how they interact with climate [...]
A Multidisciplinary Data Synthesis for Environmentally-Relevant Beta-Emitting Radionuclides in the Back-End Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Published: 2025-12-14
Subjects: Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study synthesizes multidisciplinary information—from nuclear physics and environmental science—related to environmentally relevant beta-emitting radionuclides in the back-end nuclear fuel cycle: H-3, C-14, Cl-36, Se-79, Sr-90, Tc-99, and I-129. First, our synthesis shows that these radionuclides are the key contaminants and dominant dose contributors, both in the high-level radioactive waste [...]