Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Web-Based Dynamic Flood Susceptibility Mapping: Leveraging Fuzzy Logic for Interactive Analysis
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Engineering
Flooding is one of the most frequent and devastating natural disasters, resulting in significant global social, environmental, and economic consequences. Performing comprehensive flood risk assessments is essential for comprehending community exposure and susceptibility to floods while facilitating the formulation of mitigation plans. This study presents a web-based framework for flood [...]
Seasonal Wind Turbine-Associated Lightning in Central Europe
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We report systematic evidence that cold-season lightning in Central Eu- rope frequently occurs in close proximity to wind turbines. Using Blitzor- tung stroke data (2021–2024), ENTLN data (2023), and electric field mea- surements, we identify a recurring phenomenon - Seasonal Wind Turbine- Associated Lightning (SWAL), characterised by strokes clustering within proximity of wind turbines and [...]
Can Artificial Reoxygenation Revitalize Dying Coastal Seas?
Published: 2025-12-11
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Eutrophication and global warming are key drivers of oxygen loss, also termed deoxygenation, in coastal ecosystems worldwide. Artificial reoxygenation has been put forward as a local or regional solution to increase oxygen concentrations and improve water quality. Three main approaches have been proposed: (1) bubbling with air with the aim to destratify and mix the water column (2) injection of [...]
Analysis of Water Point Management and Maintenance Systems in Tropical Environments: Case Study of Okola Municipality (Cameroon, Central Africa)
Published: 2025-12-06
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Rural water infrastructure sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa is significantly hindered by weak management and maintenance systems. This study assessed water point governance in Okola Municipality, Cameroon, to identify factors affecting infrastructure sustainability and evaluate maintenance practices. Using a mixed-methods approach—field observations, household surveys (n = 80), and interviews [...]
Sequential Efficacy of Information for Optimized Geophysical and Drilling Strategies in Mineral Exploration
Published: 2025-12-06
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Geophysics and Seismology, Mining Engineering
The global energy transition has created an urgent need for expanded critical mineral supply. Projected production from existing deposits and current discovery rates remains insufficient to meet this demand. More efficient exploration strategies are therefore required, particularly in optimizing costly and low-success data acquisition campaigns. To address this challenge, we introduce the concept [...]
Shelf invading low oxygen waters control Cenozoic organic carbon burial rates
Published: 2025-12-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The thermostatic mechanisms of Earth’s persistent habitability are far from resolved. High resolution C isotope records, with P accumulation and coarse fraction I/Ca over the Cenozoic, allow the recalculation and assessment of controls on the global proportional flux of organic carbon burial, a regulator of atmospheric CO2 and O2. Proportional Corg burial was suppressed during the hothouse of the [...]
Non-Federal Climate Leadership Can Sustain U.S. Emissions Reductions Under Federal Policy Uncertainty
Published: 2026-04-28
Subjects: Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Recent federal climate policy rollbacks in the United States have slowed progress toward high-ambition climate targets under the Paris Agreement. In the absence of federal climate leadership, there is a growing need to better understand the potential impacts of non-federal climate action. We assess the impacts of recent changes in federal policy, non-federal climate leadership, and potential [...]
From Empirical Curves to AI-Derived Rainfall Thresholds for Landslide Initiation in Peninsular Malaysia
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rainfall-induced landslides are a persistent hazard in Malaysia, yet existing rainfall thresholds remain largely based on empirical methods and often lack regional adaptability. This study employs machine learning (ML) based rainfall thresholds for landslide initiation in Peninsular Malaysia. A dataset of rainfall events from 70 rainfall stations across peninsular Malaysia linked with documented [...]
Dynamics, interactions and delays of the 2019 Ridgecrest rupture sequence
Published: 2025-12-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The observational difficulties and the complexity of earthquake physics have rendered seismic hazard assessment largely empirical. Despite increasingly high-quality geodetic, seismic and field observations, data-driven earthquake imaging yields stark differences and physics-based models explaining all observed dynamic complexities are elusive. Here we present data-assimilated three-dimensional [...]
A Himalayan-Scale Orogen in the Central African Copperbelt and the Formation of a World-Class Metal Province.
Published: 2025-12-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Tectonics and Structure
The Central African Copperbelt (CACB) of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the world’s largest sediment-hosted copper-cobalt province. It comprises Tonian–Ediacaran sedimentary rocks of the Katangan Basin and Ediacaran–Cambrian metamorphic and intrusive rocks formed during the assembly of Gondwana. The age distribution of metal deposits within the CACB peaks during the orogeny, [...]
Earth Embeddings: Toward artificial intelligence-centric representations of our planet
Published: 2025-12-09
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
We present a new perspective for the flexible and efficient representation of geospatial data, tailored to and empowered by AI: Earth embeddings. Earth embeddings provide a unified and accessible vector representation of local geographic characteristics.They fuse different geospatial data sources across time and space, compress raw geospatial inputs into one dense representation, can be used to [...]
Trapped Lee-Wave Resonance Determines Antarctic Megadune Wavelength
Published: 2026-05-23
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Categorical Data Analysis, Design of Experiments and Sample Surveys, Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Mineral Physics, Other Earth Sciences, Paleontology, Physics, Planetary Geology, Planetary Geomorphology, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Glaciology, Planetary Hydrology, Planetary Mineral Physics, Planetary Sciences, Planetary Sedimentology, Sedimentology, Statistical Methodology, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability, Stratigraphy
Snow megadunes cover 5×105 km2 of the East Antarctic plateau, biasing surface mass balance estimates and overprinting ice-core signals—yet their 2–5 km wavelength has lacked a quantitative selection mechanism for two decades. We first falsify the standard formula λ∗ = 2πU0/N through a calibration-free spatial test: eight REMA 2 m tiles across two independent locations at 81.5–82.0°S show no [...]
Directional Centroid Trajectories Reveal Shifting Fire Activity Across Brazilian Biomes
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Life Sciences
We utilized directional centroid trajectories to examine how Brazil’s fire regimes in natural vegetation and anthropogenic land use have spatially reorganized over the last four decades. Annual area-weighted centroids were derived separately for natural and anthropogenic burned patches from the MapBiomas Fire Collection 4 (1985–2024), and their interannual displacements were quantified using [...]
Nanometallogeny: The role of the nano-effect in the enrichment, migration and mineralization of rare element, rare earth element and precious metal deposits
Published: 2025-12-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
geosciences to better understand what is perhaps the most economically important field in geology: the enrichment, migration and deposition of mineral deposits. Ore-bearing fluids and ore particles behave differently at the nano-scale compared to the more familiar macro-scale. Nanometallogenic processes have been used to explain the mechanism in which rare elements with extremely low abundance in [...]
Multi-Feature Fusion for Grassland Information Extraction and Temporal Change Monitoring
Published: 2026-04-17
Subjects: Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering
Grasslands, as an important terrestrial ecosystem, play a vital role in maintaining ecological security and promoting regional sustainable development. However, in complex mountainous environments, grassland information extraction often suffers from insufficient accuracy, and the underlying mechanisms driving its changes remain unclear. To address these issues, this study takes Chengbu Miao [...]