Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Spatial Predictor Selection for Next-Day Minimum Temperature Forecasting: An Automated Machine Learning Framework Applied Across European Climate Regimes
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate prediction of daily minimum temperature (Tmin) is critical for frost protection, energy management, and public health preparedness. While numerical weather prediction models have improved substantially, their performance for Tmin forecasting remains limited by difficulties in representing fine-scale nocturnal processes. This study presents an automated framework for identifying optimal [...]
More Frequent Extreme Precipitation on the Asian Monsoon Fringes Driven by Evolving Extratropical Planetary-Scale Circulations
Published: 2026-01-04
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate
In recent decades, the fringes of the Asian summer monsoon, such as Pakistan and Northeast China, have become hotspots of extreme precipitation. Although such increases are often linked to thermodynamic changes in a warming climate, the dynamical drivers behind these trends, particularly the systematic role of extratropical circulations, remain poorly understood. This study identifies the [...]
What are the drivers of riparian vegetation recruitment and establishment in an alpine embanked river?
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Geomorphology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
1 – Rejuvenation operations are often conducted in rivers to manage vegetation encroachment and balance biodiversity benefits and flood risks. Understanding the drivers of vegetation recruitment and establishment is necessary to implement these operations but requires monitoring at spatial and temporal scales that are suited to pioneer riparian environment. 2 – Bi-yearly drone surveys were used [...]
Machine Learning Approaches for Estimating Aquifer Hydraulic Properties from Step-Drawdown Pump Tests: A Case Study in Central Valley, California
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a data-driven, scalable framework for estimating aquifer hydraulic conductivity by integrating step-drawdown pumping test data with well completion records using machine learning techniques. The approach applies Random Forest regression and cluster analysis to large regional datasets obtained from the California Natural Resources Agency and the Department of Water Resources Open Data [...]
HyTC-TaNet: A Hybrid Deep Learning Model Capturing Multi-day Temporal Dependencies for Daily Mean Air Temperature Estimation with Spatial Applicability Analysis
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Agriculture, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
Beyond calcite: Crude-urease EICP reveals metal-specific crystallogenetic pathways
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) has emerged as a versatile approach for soil improvement and contaminant immobilisation, yet performance is commonly evaluated from bulk metal removal efficiency while the mineralogical fate of retained metals remains poorly understood. Here, Pb, Co and Cr are compared under identical urease-driven EICP conditions using a crude [...]
Aligning science, rulemaking, and practice to strengthen carbon crediting
Published: 2025-02-25
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Results-based climate finance mobilizes private capital for climate mitigation by paying for verified outcomes [1]. Multiple independent evaluations have shown that credited reductions routinely overstate actual ones—by 3x to 14x across sectors [2–8]—but understanding of why or what to do about it is highly variable. To guide effective policy response, we develop a framework that decomposes the [...]
Reconstruction of plate tectonic evolution and orogenesis of the Central Tethysides (Iran, Afghanistan) since the Permian
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
The Central Tethysides constitute the Iranian and Afghan section of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt. Two large sutures in the north and south are widely considered to represent the closed Paleo- and Neotethys ocean, respectively, with a 'Cimmerian' continent in between that traveled from Gondwana-Land to Eurasia in the Permo-Triassic and reconnected with Arabia in the late Oligocene. However, [...]
Integrated Hybrid AI–GIS Framework for Temperature-Driven Drought Early Warning and Agricultural Risk Mapping in Bangladesh
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Electrical and Computer Engineering
Drought has also become a potential threat of growing severity to agricultural sustainability and food security in climate-sensitive areas of South Asia. In Bangladesh, recurring and escalating episodes of drought in northwestern drought-prone areas, especially the Rajshahi district, have been caused by continuous heat-related stress, extended dry season, and changes in surface energy balance. In [...]
Assessing the riverine flood forecast skill of GloFAS and Google Flood Hub with impact data and discharge observations to support early actions in Mali
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Water Resource Management
Riverine floods are among the most destructive and frequent natural hazards in Mali. To reduce their impacts, the Mali Red Cross implemented an Early Action Protocol (EAP) to enable anticipatory actions through pre-defined triggers and forecast information. Currently, the protocol relies on upstream water levels from the National Directorate of Hydraulics (DNH) to predict downstream flooding. [...]
Anthropogenic Impacts on Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbial Communities in Groundwater of Taopu Industrial Park, Shanghai
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Life Sciences
Urban groundwater is increasingly recognized as an emerging reservoir and transport pathway for antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing potential ecological and public-health risks. However, the distribution and transport mechanisms of antibiotics and ARGs in groundwater systems under complex anthropogenic pollution remain insufficiently [...]
Astronomical pacing of the Ludfordian Biogeochemical Event, the largest carbon cycle perturbation of the Phanerozoic
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Stratigraphy
The Kosov Quarry section (Prague Basin, Czech Republic) preserves one of the most complete Silurian successions spanning the Ludfordian (late Silurian) Biogeochemical Event (LBE), encompassing the mid-Ludfordian Carbon Isotope Excursion (MLCIE), the largest positive δ13Ccarb excursion of the Phanerozoic. The LBE is associated with climatic cooling, redox reorganisation, sea-level change, and [...]
Assessing the Net Climate Impact of Norwegian Reservoirs: Integrating Land Use Change and G-res Modeling
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
This study evaluates the net climate impact of Norwegian reservoirs using land use change mapping, literature-based GHG flux aggregation, and G-res modeling. High-resolution historical aerial imagery and deep learning reconstructed pre-impoundment land cover, explicitly identifying wetlands previously absent from national datasets. The framework quantifies changes in CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes and [...]
Specifying wind gusts based on wind speed increments and forecasting gustiness
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Wind gust forecasting is crucial for mitigating damage to people and property. We define gusts as rapid wind speed changes exceeding application-specific thresholds, and propose forecasting gustiness, that is the number of gusts per time unit. For the forecasting, we employ a correlation between gustiness and variance of wind speed increments, quantified in an analysis of measured offshore data. [...]