Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
A LASSO-based reduced-form CMAQ model for predicting ozone and PM2.5 responses to emission changes in South Korea
Published: 2026-03-30
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Reduced-form models of the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ) enable efficient prediction of air quality responses to emission changes. In this study, we developed a reduced-form CMAQ model based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to approximate CMAQ outputs in high-dimensional settings where the number of emission variables exceeds the number of [...]
Real-time Forecasting and Operational Control of Perceivable Induced Seismicity in Geo-Energies
Published: 2026-02-25
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geo-energies, including enhanced geothermal systems, geological carbon storage, and underground hydrogen storage, are essential for decarbonizing the energy and heavy industry sectors. However, their widespread implementation is hindered by the risk of perceivable induced seismicity. This review begins by evaluating existing seismic hazard mitigation schemes, particularly the traffic light system [...]
Effect of pulp density on acidulation mechanisms in low-grade phosphate rock using biogenic acid generated by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans.
Published: 2026-02-25
Subjects: Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering
Phosphorus is essential for global food security, but traditional extraction using thermal and hydrometallurgical methods is hampered by the depletion of deposits and high energy costs. This study evaluates the recovery of low-grade Colombian phosphate rock (5.5% w/w P) through biogenic leaching. Unlike chemical acidulation, which consumes a lot of water and tends to produce disruptive foam, this [...]
Climate Change and Adaptive Strategies for Community Resilience: Insights from the Kamala River Basin, Nepal
Published: 2026-02-25
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Climate change poses an escalating threat to riverine communities worldwide, with flooding remaining the most pervasive and disruptive hazard across Nepal’s river basins. Despite the growing body of climate adaptation research, empirically grounded evidence on how local understanding of climate change shape adaptive practices and community resilience across heterogeneous socio-ecological and [...]
Implementation of Hybrid Genetic-Ant Colony Algorithm (GACA) for Solving Highly Nonlinear Cuttings Transport Models in Directional Foam Drilling
Published: 2026-02-25
Subjects: Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
Directional foam drilling is widely applied in the development of complex oil and gas resources due to its advantages of low formation damage and high drilling efficiency, but the highly nonlinear cuttings transport model in this process poses great challenges to parameter optimization. To solve this problem, a hybrid genetic-ant colony algorithm (GACA) is proposed, which integrates the global [...]
Crowdsourced air temperature data for the evaluation of urban microscale simulations: Insights into spatiotemporal patterns from three German cities
Published: 2026-03-10
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Rapid development of microscale urban climate models in recent years requires ongoing model evaluation under different scenarios and conditions. In a previous study, we utilised crowdsourced air temperature data from Netatmo citizen weather stations (CWS) for the evaluation of the PALM model during a hot summer day in the city of Bochum, Germany. The data proved valuable due to their high spatial [...]
Application of statistical downscaling models to assess climate change impacts on the East Rapti River Basin using the Rx5day index
Published: 2026-03-10
Subjects: Statistics and Probability
A landlocked, mountains-dominated country, Nepal is one such country that is highly susceptible to climate change. The East Rapti River Basin (ERRB), a sensitive corridor, is under extreme threats due to flooding as well as rainfall variability. The study aims to evaluate the performance of the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) in simulating historical rainfall and to project future changes in [...]
Thoughts on prognostically modeling an eddying double-gyre ensemble mean
Published: 2025-11-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We address the question of separating the ocean’s deterministic response to time-dependent forcing from its intrinsic chaotic variability. Because the forcing is neither stationary nor periodic and spatial homogeneity is precluded by both the forcing pattern and boundary conditions, statistical analysis must rely on ensemble averaging. Here, we define this as the arithmetic mean over realizations [...]
Stable isotopic composition, paleoecology, and habitat of the ammonite Sphenodiscus lobatus in the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Western Interior Seaway
Published: 2026-03-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Sedimentology
Despite their abundance as fossils, the life histories of ammonites are still poorly understood. We analyzed the oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotopic composition of well-preserved shell material taken from different growth stages of the streamlined oxyconic ammonite species Sphenodiscus lobatus from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Pierre Shale and Fox Hills Formation of South Dakota. [...]
Bayesian Calibration of dynamic models of earthquake sequences using observations from past large earthquakes
Published: 2026-04-01
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Physics-based models of the earthquake cycle could be used for time-dependent hazard assessment. For such an application, their parameters must be calibrated so that simulated earthquake sequences reproduce the statistics of past earthquakes, including recurrence statistics and magnitudes. This is challenging because the dynamics are described by nonlinear partial differential equations, initial [...]
Fault-mediated magma propagation and triggered seismicity revealed by the 2022 São Jorge Azores unrest
Published: 2024-12-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Understanding failed volcanic eruptions is key to mapping magma plumbing and forecasting hazards. Faults and fractures guide magma, but their mechanisms remain unclear due to the lack of precise earthquake locations and limited 3-D fault mapping in volcanic regions. The triple-junction setting of the Azores Archipelago, where volcanic systems and seismogenic faults coexist, offers a natural [...]
Temporal Analysis of Site-Level Methane Emissions from Nearly One Thousand Upstream Oil and Gas Facilities Equipped with Fixed-Point Continuous Monitoring Systems
Published: 2026-03-18
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Temporal variability in methane emissions from oil and gas facilities may significantly impact the accuracy of measurement-based emissions inventories and the effectiveness of measurement-based mitigation policies. Yet the existing knowledge of duration, frequency, and magnitude of emission events remains very limited. A deeper understanding of these temporal characteristics is therefore [...]
Fine-scale Segmentation and Spatiotemporal Variability of the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule Aftershock Sequence Revealed by a Deep-Learning-Based Earthquake Catalog
Published: 2025-03-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We re-examine the aftershock sequence of the Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake in south-central Chile to understand how seismicity, magnitude-frequency distribution, and fault structure vary along the rupture zone. Using the International Maule Aftershock Deployment (IMAD) dataset, we analyze ten months of continuous data from approximately 156 temporary stations and build a high-resolution aftershock [...]
Drought Adaptation Mapping in the Southern African Development Community: a review
Published: 2026-03-10
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Evidence on how people adapt to drought frequency and severity is expanding, yet remains fragmented and insufficiently informative for assessing progress, limits, equity, and key priorities. Previous global syntheses demonstrate that adaptation is occurring but provide limited insight into how, where, for whom, and with what risks. This scoping review addresses these gaps by mapping peer-reviewed [...]
Increased precipitation in NW Europe triggered by the Hudson Bay Ice Saddle collapse
Published: 2026-02-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The collapse of the Hudson Bay Ice Saddle (HBIS), whose freshwater signal is dated between 8.6 and 8.5 ka b2k, is increasingly viewed as the primary driver of the abrupt '8.2 ka' cooling anomaly. Yet linking the two implies that the climatic repercussion of the HBIS collapse lagged by centuries – a delay at odds with some climate models projecting that meltwater forcing can influence climate [...]