Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Seismological models based on a hybrid deep-learning strategy reveal tectonic features and earthquake risk in the Sichuan-Yunnan region
Published: 2026-03-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Sichuan-Yunnan region is a critical tectonic zone for understanding continental deformation and seismic hazards. We developed a hybrid deep-learning strategy that integrates multi-scale phase picking and high-precision first-motion polarity identification, significantly improving regional seismic monitoring. This approach yielded a unified 2013-2022 high-resolution dataset, including -180,000 [...]
Sustaining Life on the Fault Line: Women’s Social Reproduction and Grassroots Disaster Governance in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: 2026-03-19
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Human Geography, Nature and Society Relations
Mainstream disaster resilience studies overwhelmingly privilege top-down institutional frameworks, leaving the socio-economic and care-oriented contributions of women undertheorized as constitutive forces in how resilience is actually produced at the community level. This study examines how women’s everyday practices and organizational capacities shape disaster preparedness, response, and [...]
A nearly 1.5 millennia long record of North Atlantic climatic forcing recorded in tree-ring growth records from Angstel/Vecht Delta, the Netherlands (1283 BCE-156 CE)
Published: 2026-04-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The impact of multi-annual to decadal climatic cycles on tree-ring growth remains understudied. Here, we analyse a nearly one-and-a-half-thousand-year-long tree-ring chronology (1283 BCE–156 CE) based on bog oaks from an alder carr environment in the Angstel-Vecht delta in the Netherlands to assess the influence of multi-year climatic oscillations on tree-ring growth and the origin of the [...]
CLOSDI: A Novel Spectral Index for Cloud Shadow Detection in Sentinel-2 Imagery Using NDVI and EVI2
Published: 2025-12-12
Subjects: Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
Cloud shadows constitute a significant source of uncertainty in optical remote sensing, thereby impairing the accuracy of spectral indices, land cover classifications, and time-series analyses derived from Sentinel-2 imagery. Although the Sentinel-2 Level-2A Scene Classification Layer (SCL) offers information on cloud shadows, its efficacy is frequently hindered by high omission rates and [...]
Adaptive Turbine Replacement Improves Hydropower Flexibility in a Changing Climate
Published: 2026-05-11
Subjects: Engineering
Hydropower Plants (HP) will operate under new conditions as water regimes shift, reservoir operating rules evolve, and the grid requires flexible balancing of wind and solar. HP turbine systems are traditionally designed to operate at the highest efficiency within narrow ranges of flow and reservoir levels while deviations from design conditions can degrade HP efficiency and trigger failures, [...]
Forward-Only Temporal-Coherence Occupancy Regimes in Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Intensity Evolution (1851–2024)
Published: 2026-04-01
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rapid intensification (RI) remains one of the most consequential and difficult-to-characterize aspects of tropical cyclone intensity evolution, commonly defined as an increase in maximum sustained wind speed of at least 30 kt within 24 h (Kaplan and DeMaria 2003; Kaplan et al. 2010; DeMaria et al. 2021). This study evaluates whether Atlantic best-track intensity records contain forward-detectable [...]
Microbial inoculation increases maize yield and root biomass across smallholder farming systems in Rwanda
Published: 2026-03-21
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Agriculture, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences
Soil degradation, nutrient depletion, and increasing climate stress constrain food productivity across tropical smallholder farming systems. Microbial inoculants have emerged as a promising strategy to improve soil functions and crop yield, yet field-based data from African smallholder systems remain limited, particularly for multi-strain bacterial consortia. Using a multi-strain consortium in a [...]
Bimodal seismic-aseismic behavior of a weakly coupled megathrust segment revealed by kinematic analysis of a seismic swarm and slow slip event offshore Copiapó, Chile
Published: 2026-03-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A seismic swarm occurred in Chile in 2023, in a region well known for hosting this type of seismicity, the Atacama region, and more precisely within the low coupling zone of Barranquilla. It started on August 26th and lasts about 6~weeks, ending early October. Thanks to our high-density small-scale GNSS network, we recorded the spatio-temporal evolution of surface deformation generated by a slow [...]
Spatial Patterns in Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen Along a Newly Constructed Stream Corridor in Loudoun County, Virginia
Published: 2026-03-31
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Nutrient enrichment remains a persistent driver of water quality impairment throughout the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay watershed, motivating localized stream restoration efforts aimed at reducing downstream nitrogen transport. This study characterized spatial patterns in dissolved inorganic nitrogen along a newly constructed stream corridor in Loudoun County, Virginia, during active [...]
Fluctuation-induced dissipation for ocean surface waves
Published: 2026-03-22
Subjects: Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Phase averaging is a one-time operation. Irreversibletransport is not.Here we identify a coupling hidden in the Navier-Stokesequations for surface waves propagating through turbulencewhose one-time phase average vanishes but whose two-timeautocorrelation yields a finite Green-Kubo frictioncoefficient.Classical phase averaging removes this stochastic vortexforce, the bilinear coupling between wave [...]
Sediment loading from the Río de la Plata as a driver of regional sea-level variability
Published: 2025-11-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Sedimentology
Sea-level reconstructions are critical benchmarks for testing models of ice-sheet stability and climate change. Their interpretation, however, is complicated by sea-level changes driven by different processes, among which the Earth’s response to sediment loading. Here we show that incorporating sediment isostasy reduces long-standing discrepancies among Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 5a and 5e [...]
On the Origin of Directional Variability in Earthquake Response Spectra: A Stochastic Covariance Framework
Published: 2026-03-22
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology
Directional variability of horizontal earthquake response spectra is commonly described using rotation-based measures such as RotD50 and RotD100, yet its physical and statistical origin remains unclear. This study shows that directional anisotropy arises fundamentally from finite-sample fluctuations of the covariance matrix of filtered ground-motion response. Even under perfectly isotropic [...]
Volcanic risk to marine infrastructure and shipping
Published: 2022-10-28
Subjects: Nature and Society Relations, Volcanology
Exploration of volcanic risk over recent decades has helped garner a detailed understanding of the vulnerabilities and processes at work in the terrestrial setting, but relatively little is understood about volcanic risk at sea, despite our increasing reliance on surface shipping, energy and resource infrastructure, and submarine telecoms cables. This is rooted in (1) a lack of understanding of [...]
Survey Protocol Cards for Crop Maps
Published: 2026-04-04
Subjects: Agriculture, Computer Engineering
Crop type maps underpin food security decisions yet their accuracy depends on label quality, which in turn depends on survey design choices made under tight budgets. Survey planners must allocate limited resources across GPS devices, stratification strategies, sample size, worker training, and verification protocols, but lack quantitative guidance on which investments yield quality crop maps. We [...]
Thermo-Hydraulic Optimization of Deep Geothermal Systems: Computational Methods and Classification
Published: 2026-04-20
Subjects: Engineering
Deep geothermal energy forms an important part of a sustainable energy portfolio, providing baseload power and heat. A significant global expansion of DGSs is projected for the coming decades, thereby increasing use of local geothermal resources. This, together with a competitive energy market, creates an incentive to optimize DGSs with respect to large-scale design and operational control [...]