Preprints
There are 8000 Preprints listed.
Contrasting oil and gas methane emission intensities across Algeria's major production basins derived using MethaneSAT data
Published: 2026-08-28
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Algeria, Africa's largest natural gas producer and a major European Union gas supplier, has limited basin-scale assessment of oil and gas methane emissions. Here, we use MethaneSAT observations from September 2024 to May 2025 to quantify methane emissions across three Algerian production regions representing 73% of national onshore production. Total methane emissions are 18 t h⁻¹ [11–25] in Hassi [...]
Comparing feature maps generated using UNet-like CNN, Transformer, Mamba, and hybrid architectures for general land cover mapping
Published: 2026-07-12
Subjects: Geography
This study compares feature maps produced by semantic segmentation architectures using varying combinations of convolutional neural network (CNN), Transformer, and Mamba selective state space (selective SSM) components with a goal of exploring the following question: does correlation or similarity between the generated data abstractions imply comparable predictive performance? Specifically, [...]
Coral connectivity: Biophysical drivers, key knowledge gaps and emerging empirical advances
Published: 2026-03-11
Subjects: Life Sciences
Coral reefs are experiencing widespread decline from climate change and anthropogenic stressors, increasing the need to understand the processes that maintain and replenish coral populations. Connectivity—the exchange of individuals between coral populations—underpins population recovery, yet major uncertainties remain in larval biology and behaviour during dispersal and settlement. This review [...]
Deglacial reconstruction of the spatial extent and intensity of the North Atlantic Subtropical High
Published: 2026-06-13
Subjects: Climate, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rainfall-related hazards are growing in southeastern North America (SENA) but well-documented climate-model biases cast doubt on projected rainfall changes. Using leaf-wax biomarkers (δDwax) at White Pond, SC and Hall’s Cave, TX, we reconstruct North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) variability across the last deglaciation (21 to 10 ka) to assess model fidelity. During the Younger Dryas, when [...]
Ecological compression of vegetation information in wildfire spread prediction: a case study of the 2020 Brattain Fire
Published: 2026-10-21
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geographic Information Sciences, Remote Sensing
Broad fuel categories simplify mapped vegetation, but it is unclear whether the distinctions removed help predict wildfire spread. We examined whether vegetation composition improved prediction of the next observed fire-growth interval and measured the information lost by grouping fuel models. Using the 2020 Brattain Fire in Oregon, we compared baseline predictors describing fire state, terrain, [...]
Coastal plain retention modulates flashflood chlorophylla anomalies in the Red Sea: a CPRI based multisite analysis
Published: 2026-06-30
Subjects: Biodiversity, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Food Science, Life Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences, Research Methods in Life Sciences
The eastern Red Sea coastal margin is among the most oligotrophic large marine ecosystems on Earth, where episodic nutrient pulses from flash floods can transiently fuel phytoplankton blooms. Yet, the extent to which upstream coastal-plain geomorphology modulates the magnitude of these flood-driven chlorophylla (Chla) responses remains poorly quantified. We tested the hypothesis that narrower [...]
Warming above, cooling below: First model-based quantitative thermal- regime assessment and subsurface thermal evolution of Nivlisen Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, revealing non-equilibrium thermal adjustment and progressive thermal preconditioning
Published: 2026-06-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present the first quantitative thermal characterisation of Nivlisen Ice Shelf, central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, using a one-dimensional heat-transfer model forced by ERA5 surface skin temperatures (1940–2025). For the primary scenario (H = 312 m), the steady-state solution yields a mid-column temperature of −4.89 °C, Péclet number Pe = 4 (intermediate conduction–advection regime), [...]
Investigation of Drivers and Sources of Potential Harmful Algal Blooms in Lake Anna, Virginia, 2023–24
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Algal blooms in freshwater reservoirs are an increasing concern because of the risk to aquatic ecosystem health, recreational use, and water quality. Among the taxa that comprise an algal bloom, cyanobacteria are of particular concern due to the potential to produce toxic compounds which can cause acute and chronic illness in humans if ingested through contaminated water or shellfish. When toxins [...]
Permafrost Degradation and Ecological Restoration Technologies in the Northeastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A Case Study of Xining and Surrounding Areas
Published: 2026-06-13
Subjects: Engineering
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents the highest-altitude and largest-area permafrost distribution zone in global mid-to-low latitude regions. Its northeastern margin, encompassing Xining City and surrounding areas, constitutes a critical transitional zone where seasonal permafrost and perennial permafrost interweave. Driven by the dual forces of global climate warming and anthropogenic [...]
Early warning signals of tipping points: A deep learning approach to direction and timing
Published: 2026-08-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The crossing of climate tipping points poses serious risk to life on Earth due to the impacts they cause, and their irreversibility. These systems generally exhibit critical slowing down on their approach to tipping point, or bifurcation, which can be detected by looking for changes in statistical properties of a time series from the system, such as an increasing lag-1 autocorrelation or [...]
Microbial growth inhibition by compacted bentonite after an 8.5-year in-situ incubation
Published: 2026-06-28
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Compacted bentonite in future deep geological repositories for the disposal of nuclear waste will create an extreme, energy-limited environment for microorganisms, yet the long-term implications for microbial community structure and the potential emergence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) remain uncertain. Here, we use an 8.5-year in-situ incubation experiment in an anoxic Opalinus Clay [...]
Development of Hydraulic Hazard Mapping within a GIS Environment: Interoperability Between HEC-RAS and QGIS
Published: 2026-06-13
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Alluvial events represent some of the most destructive natural hazards threatening human civilization. Over recent decades, the frequency of extreme rainfall has exposed the Italian territory to periodic and highly damaging inundations, resulting in a dramatic escalation of financial losses and mortality rates. In regions such as Sicily, several industrial and artisanal clusters are strategically [...]
Earthquakes Source Scaling at Subfault Scales
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Establishing scaling laws for large earthquakes remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of methodologies and datasets used to produce finite-fault models. In this study, we analyze source properties for 264 earthquakes using the NEIC finite-fault database, expanding previous efforts by examining rupture behavior over a broader magnitude range and capturing both established scaling trends and [...]
Time shift: The peak reduction potential of demand response with simple time-of-use pricing
Published: 2025-05-15
Subjects: Engineering, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Sustainability
Increasing electrification of energy systems, required for greenhouse gas emissions reductions, poses challenges for electricity systems from increased peak demand. Demand response can reduce peak demand, but acceptability is limited by consumer concerns about effort, complexity, and lack of control. This study assesses the potential of simple demand response programs using existing electricity [...]
Geospatial Assessment of Current and Future Land Suitability for Peruvian Amylaceous Maize (Zea mays L.) Using Random Forest Modeling
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Agriculture
Climate change poses an increasing threat to crop suitability and food security, particularly for varieties of great cultural and economic importance, such as Peruvian starchy maize (Zea mays L.), whose optimal growing areas remain poorly characterized at the national level. This study presents the first comprehensive geospatial assessment of current and future land suitability for starchy corn [...]