Preprints
There are 8001 Preprints listed.
Reciprocal error in Time Domain Induced Polarization: Systematic Noise or Systematic Signal?
Published: 2025-06-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Reciprocal measurements are standard for data quality control in electrical resistivity surveys, but their potential as an interpretation tool is rarely exploited. Under the assumption of linear subsurface behaviour, normal and reciprocal readings should yield the same results, but when a systematic offset is present it can be indicative for additional processes. Here we present a time-domain [...]
Stress-Conditioned Lightweight Flash-Drought Detection in the US Corn Belt Using MODIS NDVI and ERA5-Land
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Hydrology, Meteorology
Flash-drought monitoring by classical indices averages predictive signal across calm and stressed years, blunting the signal exactly where it matters. We show empirically that the coupling between precipitation, soil moisture, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and NDVI is stress-conditional: the hydrological pathway is visible when vegetation is already under stress (Spearman rho of about 0.18 for [...]
Mapping Urban Heat Vulnerability in London: Multi-Scale Geospatial Analysis Using Machine Learning, SHAP Explainability, and Temporal Mortality Data
Published: 2026-08-06
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Urban heat is a significant cause of mortality. In London, during the summer of 2022, the United Kingdom experienced its first recorded 40°C day, resulting in excess mortality levels not observed since pre-antibiotic influenza seasons. On 19 July 2022, London reached a temperature of 40.3°C, the highest recorded in the United Kingdom, which corresponded to 18,435 excess deaths in England and [...]
Twin indicators of coastal vulnerability: land subsidence and mangrove extent change in Dili, Timor-Leste
Published: 2026-08-06
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Natural Resources and Conservation
Mangrove forests and land subsidence are major drivers of coastal vulnerability rarely quantified together outside the well-studied deltas of Southeast Asia. This study provides the first satellite-based, twin-indicator assessment of coastal vulnerability for Dili, Timor-Leste, combining Sentinel-1 InSAR time series analysis of land subsidence with Global Mangrove Watch extent change over a [...]
Oceanic Alkalinity and Titration Alkalinity: a novel straightforward approach in keeping with common general chemistry
Published: 2024-11-29
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
We present novel exact concepts of Oceanic Alkalinity and Titration Alkalinity that are in keeping with common chemistry. Oceanic Alkalinity is the small difference of the sum of charges of strong cations and the sum of charges of strong anions in seawater. This difference is compensated by the sum of charges of the weak anions minus the sum of charges of the weak cations. Titration Alkalinity is [...]
Coral reef and mangrove interplay during Holocene sea-level changes, Belitung Island, Indonesia
Published: 2025-10-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Coral reefs and mangrove forests are susceptible coastal ecosystems, particularly in light of intense human-induced pressures, including the anticipated sea level rise in the 21st century. Here, we explore the chronology and interconnectedness between coral reefs and mangroves in response to Holocene sea level changes, taking Belitung Island, Indonesia, as a case study. We described the [...]
Wildfire smoke drives population exposure to ozone pollution and unhealthy air quality days across the United States
Published: 2026-05-23
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Environmental Sciences
Wildfire smoke is an increasing threat to air quality and public health in the United States, affecting population exposure to multiple air pollutants, including ground-level ozone (O3). Most prior studies have focused on smoke fine particulate matter (PM2.5), but how smoke affects surface O3 concentrations at a population scale is less well characterized. Much less is known about how smoke O3 [...]
Using tectonic block modeling to quantify the impact of potentially–active faults on seismic hazard and risk in western Canada
Published: 2026-07-28
Subjects: Tectonics and Structure
In order to understand the impact of large, potentially active faults on seismic hazard and risk in western Canada, faults in the region are characterized using a geodetic-geologic block model. The results are then integrated into Canada's existing national seismic hazard and risk models. To do this, potentially active faults are mapped to build a block model around them; then, several thousand [...]
Submesoscale frontal dynamics modulate ocean heat transport beneath Antarctic sea ice
Published: 2026-08-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Antarctic sea ice has experienced unprecedented declines in recent years, yet the processes governing the transfer of subsurface ocean heat toward the ice remain poorly understood. Here, sub-kilometer hydrographic observations collected by an instrumented seal reveal intense, intermittent, and bidirectional vertical heat transport beneath sea ice in the East Antarctic marginal ice zone. During a [...]
Sub-pixel Canopy Phenology reveals divergent Spring transition sequences in Tropical Mixed Deciduous Forest
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Biodiversity, Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Forest Sciences
Vegetation phenology regulates terrestrial carbon uptake and land–atmosphere interactions, and is commonly inferred from satellite-derived vegetation indices such as the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). However, these observations represent spatially aggregated signals that mask phenological variability among individual tree canopies in [...]
Backstress governs transient postseismic creep in the continental lithospheric mantle
Published: 2026-02-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the physical processes that control how the continental lithospheric mantle responds to sudden stress changes during the earthquake cycle is essential for interpreting postseismic deformation. For example, recent experiments have revealed that elastic interactions among dislocations generate backstresses that control transient creep of olivine, and the relevance of this mechanism [...]
MUONITH v1.0 — A Fast Simulation Tool for Multi-directional Muography Observation Design
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Multi-directional muography is a non-destructive technique for imaging the three-dimensional density structure of large objects such as volcanoes. Recent developments in detector technology—miniaturization, low-power operation, and weight reduction—are rapidly expanding the range of feasible observation sites, and detector deployment by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is also being studied; in [...]
Evidence of rising groundwater and potential for sustainable management amid multi-year droughts in the pastoral regions of northern Kenya
Published: 2026-08-06
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Groundwater underpins water security in the drylands of East Africa, where climate extremes and increasing groundwater use pose growing water management challenges. This study examines groundwater dynamics in arid northern Kenya using multi-source data that combine in-situ electronic sensor measurements with satellite-based rainfall observations, terrestrial water storage anomalies, and model [...]
Managing Squeezing Rock Mass with TBM Data Analysis: Rail Link Rishikesh – Karnaprayag (India)
Published: 2025-10-24
Subjects: Geotechnical Engineering
The 125.2 km rail link Rishikesh–Karnaprayag in the Lesser Himalayas of India represents a benchmark in mechanized tunnelling through complex geology. This paper focuses on Tunnel 8, a 14.58 km section excavated primarily using two single-shield hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBM) under challenging conditions characterized by tectonically deformed, partly water-bearing phyllites and high [...]
Internal Processes Driving the Slow-to-Fast Transition of a Rockslide
Published: 2026-06-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Landslides may creep slowly for decades to centuries under external influences such as rainfall or seismic shaking. Predicting when and how they transition into catastrophic acceleration remains a major challenge because the internal processes driving failure occur at depth and are often not evident from surface observations alone. Here, we combine local seismic and geodetic measurements to [...]