Preprints
There are 8001 Preprints listed.
Coupled in-reservoir and downstream water-temperature responses to the deep drawdown of a large reservoir, and tradeoffs for fisheries management
Published: 2026-10-10
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Across the Pacific Northwest and other regions, the construction and operation of large dams has provided numerous societal benefits but has also fundamentally altered present-day river networks by blocking fish passage and altering streamflows and thermal regimes. Increasingly, evolving management directives require dam operations far outside of historical operational regimes to achieve new [...]
Mineral stability and porosity dynamics in Halite- and Kainite-bearing rocks after hydrogen batch reaction test: a case study of Realmonte mine, Sicily (Italy)
Published: 2026-08-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Mineral Physics, Mining Engineering, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Risk Analysis, Stratigraphy, Sustainability
Underground hydrogen storage in salt caverns is among the most mature geological storage options, yet the behaviour of potash-salt lithologies under hydrogen exposure remains entirely uncharacterised. This study presents a multi-technique characterisation, performed on selected representative samples, of Messinian halite and kainite-bearing evaporites from the Realmonte mine (Sicily) subjected to [...]
A logical and reproducible geological-analogy model for diagnosing evaluability and prioritizing geochemical investigation of rare earth elements in data-incomplete territories Application to Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Published: 2026-08-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Territories with uneven geoscientific coverage pose a central problem for mineral investigation because missing information may be mistaken for negative evidence, while the accumulation of proxies may produce high classifications even when necessary geological requirements remain unknown. This study presents PAG ETR as a logical, categorical, multiscale, and reproducible framework for diagnosing [...]
Flood Susceptibility Mapping and Engineering Exposure Assessment of Zhob District, Balochistan, Using Sentinel-1 SARValidated AHP and Frequency Ratio Modeling
Published: 2026-08-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology
Zhob District in northern Balochistan was substantially affected by the 2022 Pakistan monsoon floods, yet, unlike comparable districts mapped in the immediate aftermath of the same event (Larkana, Nowshera, Pishin, Quetta), it has lacked a dedicated, district-specific flood susceptibility assessment. This study addresses that gap using a hybrid Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Frequency Ratio [...]
PSI monitoring of fault zones at the Starobin potash deposit based on Sentinel-1 data
Published: 2026-07-24
Subjects: Engineering
The Starobin potash salt deposit has been mined for over forty years with annual extraction measured in millions of tons. In the vicinity of tectonic fault junction zones, this creates a risk of local technogenic earthquakes caused by fault activation. Local geodetic monitoring within mining allotments is of limited utility for assessing large-scale tectonic deformations, since intense local [...]
Agentic Large Language Model Workflows for Earth Observation: Tool Orchestration, Foundation-Model Adaptation, and the Evaluation Gap
Published: 2026-09-06
Subjects: Engineering
Large language model (LLM) agents have moved rapidly from general-purpose assistants to domain systems that orchestrate specialised remote-sensing models. Within roughly two years, geospatial agents have demonstrated reliable task planning across dozens of Earth Observation (EO) tasks, benchmark environments containing hundreds of tools, and fine-tuned open-weight controllers that outperform far [...]
Adalar at the Eastern Marmara Seismic Gap: The August 2026 Earthquake Cluster and Its Implications for Seismic Hazard near Istanbul
Published: 2026-08-20
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering Science and Materials, Environmental Sciences, Geotechnical Engineering, Higher Education, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Engineering, Risk Analysis, Science and Mathematics Education, Structural Engineering
The eastern Marmara Sea and Adalar sector lie close to İstanbul and the western North Anatolian Fault, where earthquake-source processes interact with strong basin and site effects. This study integrates a reconciled earthquake catalog, waveform-quality measures, spatial statistics, trial hypocentral relocation, reconnaissance focal mechanisms, point-source Coulomb stress screening, and published [...]
Separating measurement from definition: an object-based workflow for national forest mapping
Published: 2026-10-05
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
Forest is defined rather than observed, and definitions are written to serve different management objectives. In Norway, four authoritative datasets place forest between 35 and 43% of the mainland because each encodes a different rule. Categorical forest maps inherit this problem, since each serves only the definition it was built on. We present a documented object-based workflow that separates [...]
QuakeMigrate: a Python Package for Automatic Earthquake Detection and Location Using Waveform Migration and Stacking
Published: 2025-07-26
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Volcanology
QuakeMigrate is a modular, open-source Python package providing a framework to efficiently and automatically detect and locate microseismicity. From raw seismic waveforms and a modest number of physically meaningful inputs and tuneable parameters, it produces catalogues of earthquakes including hypocentres, their associated uncertainties, phase arrival times, and local magnitude estimates, all of [...]
FluvDepoSet: A dataset of synthetic 3D models of fluvial deposits
Published: 2025-10-14
Subjects: Geology, Geomorphology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Sediments deposited by rivers constitute a key source for the water, energy, and raw materials that fuel our everyday lives. Finding and managing these resources require to predict the spatial distribution of those fluvial deposits in the subsurface. This remains a major challenge due to the scarcity and poor quality of subsurface data, but also because traditional modeling approaches struggle to [...]
Quantifying Wave Setup Climatology along the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts using a Coupled Hydrodynamic-Wave Model
Published: 2026-02-28
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Wave setup, the increase in coastal mean water level due to wave breaking, is an important but understudied component of coastal sea-level long-term variability. This study quantifies the wave setup climatology along the U.S. East and Gulf of Mexico coasts using high-resolution hydrodynamic (ADCIRC) and wave (SWAN) models. The models are forced with hourly surface pressure and wind fields, total [...]
Does electricity scaling improve annual water-withdrawal estimates? Evidence from US Meta data centers
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Studies, Water Resource Management
Planners often need to estimate data-center water use before detailed operating data exist, and a common shortcut multiplies electricity use by a historical water intensity. The logic is appealing: computing produces heat, and removing heat often takes water. Yet whether this shortcut beats the simplest alternative, persistence (assuming that each facility withdraws what it withdrew the year [...]
Seasonal Estimates of Instream Nitrogen & Phosphorus Loads from New England Watersheds Discharging to Long Island Sound, 2000 through 2020
Published: 2026-08-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seasonally dynamic estimates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads delivered to Long Island Sound from New England watersheds are estimated by use of seasonally dynamic SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) models. These models are part of the larger Long Island Sound Study (LISS) a coordinated effort by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the States [...]
Authorship and contribution recognition in infrastructure-scale Earth science collaborations
Published: 2026-07-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Community-driven collaborative initiatives across palaeoclimate, oceanography, and Earth system science have transformed how scientific knowledge is generated, integrated, and interpreted. Proxy synthesis efforts, climate model intercomparison projects, and scientific drilling programmes increasingly function as collaborative scientific infrastructures sustained by distributed intellectual labour [...]
Upper-Scale Structural Evaluation of the Forearc Weak Suture Zone and the Pacific Plate Interface — An Analysis Based on Precursor Data (No.1778) —
Published: 2026-08-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study reinterprets precursor data (No.1778) published by the Yatsugatake South Base Observatory using the framework of seismology and tectonics, in order to evaluate the upper-scale structural potential of the forearc weak suture zone and the Pacific Plate interface beneath the Kanto Basin. The precursor data are not used for earthquake prediction; instead, they are treated as aggregate [...]