Preprints
There are 8000 Preprints listed.
Dilution drives deep degassing of sulfur in hydrous basaltic magmas
Published: 2026-04-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sulfur (S) is thought to degas at higher pressures from hydrous magmas (e.g., arc and some ocean island basalts) relative to water-poor magmas, from which S degasses at lower pressures (e.g., Kīlauea, mid-ocean ridge basalts). Our modelling of degassing shows this occurs for magmas that are either reduced (i.e., S is present predominantly as H2S in the vapor and dissolved sulfide in the melt) or [...]
Flood Risk Management Strategies for Bridgeport, Connecticut: AComparative Analysis of Infrastructure Hardening and Managed Retreat
Published: 2026-07-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study analyzes sea-level rise management options for Bridgeport, Connecticut, comparing infrastructurehardening and managed retreat using a mixed-methods approach that integrates geospatial analysis, policy analysis,and vulnerability assessment. Sea-level rise projections under NOAA scenarios range from 3.3 ft (low emission) to15.1 ft (extreme) by 2100, with the South End and East End [...]
Annual high-resolution global ambient population estimates from 1975 to 2024
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Human Geography, Nature and Society Relations, Other Geography, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science
Gridded population data support assessments of human exposure, settlement change, infrastructure demand, and access to services, yet global datasets combining annual coverage over multiple decades with fine spatial resolution remain limited. LandScan Mosaic Time Series provides 50 annual estimates of global ambient population distribution at 3 arc-second resolution from 1975 through 2024. The [...]
A hybrid physics–ML framework for integrating groundwater dynamics into land surface modeling: a ParFlow-based demonstration in headwater watersheds of the Pearl River Basin, China
Published: 2026-04-22
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Three-dimensional groundwater dynamics play a critical role in regulating land–atmosphere interactions, yet resolving three-dimensional subsurface flow processes at large scales remains computationally prohibitive. Here we present a hybrid coupling framework that enables the integration of three-dimensional groundwater processes into land surface modeling at substantially reduced computational [...]
Conditional reliability of gridded rainfall datasets in Nigeria
Published: 2026-10-31
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Gridded rainfall datasets support Nigerian research and climate services, but published agreement depends on the rainfall property, release and validation design. This critical narrative review audits 18 Nigerian gauge-reference evaluations and two contextual comparator studies. The core register contains five complete-text, five passage-only and eight abstract-only records. An archived [...]
WITHDRAWN: Dynamics of Sea-level Changes in the Red Sea
Published: 2026-07-07
Subjects: Life Sciences
Assessment of global variations in the velocity–porosity relationship of marine sediments and rocks using the legacy data of scientific ocean drilling programs
Published: 2026-09-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The physical properties of sediments and rocks are routinely measured during scientific ocean drilling programs, as such data enable the recovered materials to be linked to geophysical observations and provide constraints on subseafloor lithology. However, lithological descriptions are not consistently linked to physical properties datasets for older drilling expeditions, thereby limiting global [...]
A New Paradigm for High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal: Intrinsic Radionuclide Properties and Comparative Hazard
Published: 2026-01-21
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology
Disposal regulations and technologies for high-level radioactive waste have evolved separately from other hazardous wastes, despite shared concerns about long-term risks. This study compares these historical trajectories and reassesses the hazard profile and physical/geochemical properties of key radionuclides. Long-lived radionuclides have low specific activity and emit little or no penetrating [...]
Climate change has intensified exceptional El Niño events like the 2026/27 forecast
Published: 2026-08-29
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
Extreme El Niño events disrupt weather across much of the globe, with adverse effects on agriculture, fisheries and economic output that persist for several years. Event attribution routinely quantifies the human influence on individual heatwaves, droughts and floods, but its application to the El Niño events that drive many of them has been much more limited. Here we investigate the 2026/27 El [...]
An Open-Source Tool for Mapping Key Metrics of Glacier Health from Space
Published: 2026-04-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Satellite-based observations enable monitoring of glacier health metrics, essential for assessing glacier response to climate change and the environmental services they provide. Here, we present an open-source tool for automated mapping of key climate- and mass balance- modulated parameters, including total visible ice area, snow-covered area, accumulation-area ratio, and snowline altitude. The [...]
Deep Learning-Based Meteorological Data Downscaling: A Comparative Study with Physics Informed CNN and a Component-Level Ablation Analysis
Published: 2026-08-29
Subjects: Computer Engineering, Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Meteorological statistical downscaling is a critical technique for deriving high-resolution climate information from coarse global reanalysis products. This experiment investigates the application of five representative deep learning architectures for downscaling ERA5 reanalysis 2m temperature fields from 1° to 0.25° spatial resolution (4x upscaling factor) over the China region, spanning the [...]
Erosion of Natural Cooling Infrastructure in Southeast Asian Cities: Comparative Land Surface Temperature Effects of Wetland and Paddy Loss in Phnom Penh and Can Tho
Published: 2026-07-15
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Monitoring
Rapid urbanisation across Southeast Asia is displacing two natural cooling resources: urban water bodies and peri-urban paddy fields. The biophysical relationship between land cover and land surface temperature (LST) is established at regional and continental scales, but conversion-attributable, satellite-derived quantification of wetland and paddy loss at city scale, compared directly within a [...]
Azimuthal Anisotropy and Lateral Velocity Gradient Beneath Australia From Teleseismic P-wave Polarization Anomalies
Published: 2026-07-18
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Teleseismic P-wave polarization anomalies provide useful constraints on lateral heterogeneity and anisotropic structure beneath seismic stations, but their application to continental-scale structures has remained limited. Here, we analyze long-period teleseismic P-wave polarization anomalies recorded at permanent and temporary seismic stations across Australia. We apply a harmonic analysis to the [...]
River dissolved inorganic carbon losses from the Andes to lowland Amazon via cryptic sedimentary exchange processes
Published: 2026-08-05
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geomorphology, Hydrology
River carbon transfers and associated greenhouse gas emissions are a major component of the carbon cycle. Proposals to use rivers and their catchments to increase carbon dioxide (CO2) drawdown, by enhanced rock weathering and river alkalinity enhancement, require secure delivery of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and increased cation loads (e.g. Ca2+) to the ocean. Here we explore the fate of [...]
The remote reference as an instrumental variable in model space: time-series magnetotelluric inversion with noisy magnetic fields
Published: 2026-10-31
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Noise in the local magnetic field biases magnetotelluric (MT) responses, and a relevant, valid remote magnetic record removes the bias. For an earth model inverted from time series, remote referencing becomes estimating equations: the residual formed with the local field is orthogonal to the sensitivities driven by its projection on the remote field. Their solution, relevance and validity must be [...]